中考英语阅读理解知识点梳理及练习

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1、中考英语阅读理解知识点梳理及经典练习（超详细）1一、中考英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析）1.阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中选出最佳选项。If you go shopping in any toy store,you can see clearly the different games and toys for boysand girls:there are a lot of pink toys on one side of the store for girls;and dark colored cars,guns,and soldiers for boys.Some

2、big stores with toys may even have a pink floor for girls and a bluefloor for boys.In fact,it is difficult to buy a toy for a girl that is not pink.Some people think that too much pink is bad for girls.Sue Palmer,writer of Toxic Childhood,isvery worried that most girls over the age of three are craz

3、y about the color.According to somescientists,this happens for two reasons.Firstly,most companies offer too many products in pink.Also,many parents think their little daughter looks cute in pink.Sue P almer says that girls at thisage cannot make proper decisions by themselves,but the pink can affect

4、（影响）the choicesand the decisions they will make in the future.Some parents are worried too-for example,Vanessa Holburn,thirty-two,who has two girlsunder the age of four.Their bedrooms are a sea of pink and Vanessa is not happy.Pink says thatyou are soft and gentle.Blue says that you are strong and p

5、owerful.I want my daughters to bestrong and powerful.Im worried that pink will not help them with that,”she says.But not everyone thinks theres something wrong with pink.Grayson Turner is a father ofthree girls and he isnt worried at all.P eople forget that things change all the time,he says.Mygirls

6、 used to love pink when they were little,but as they get older,they change,Turner explainsthat his twelve-year-old daughter never wears pink clothes anymore,This love of pink is just afashion and all fashions change,he adds.Its only since the 1940s that people have starteddressing girls in pink-befo

7、re that it was a color for boys.（1）Which of the following best shows the structure-of-the passage?a三（2）The underlined word thatA.being soft and gentleA.in Paragraph 3 means_.B.being strong and powerfulC.being gentle but powerful D.being cute and beautiful(3)According to Grayson T u r n e r;.A.parent

8、s neednt worry about pink toys B.all little kids love the color pinkC.pink has always been a color for girls D.his girls now prefer the color blue(4)The purpose of this passage is to.A.explain why girls are crazy about the color pinkB.make parents less worried about the color pinkC.encourage girls t

9、o give up playing with pink toysD.show peoples different opinions about the color pink【答案】(1)B(2)B(3)A(4)D【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章从女孩的玩具大多是粉红色的，男孩的玩具大多是蓝色的或者深色的，向人们介绍了不同的人们对粉红色的不同观点。(1)文章结构题。根据文章结构可知第一段总领全文，说明女孩的玩具大多数粉红色，男孩的玩具大多是深色，蓝色。第二段和第三段介绍了一些父母对粉红色的反对的看法，第四段对粉红色没有错误看法的父母的观点。故选B。(2)细节理解题。根据 Pink says tha

10、t you are soft and gentle.Blue says that you are strong andpowerful.I want my daughters to be strong and powerful.Im worried that pink will not helpthem with that,she says,可知粉红色说你是温柔和温和的。蓝色说你们是强壮的，有能力的。我想要我的女儿强壮，有能力，我担心粉红色不能帮助他们那样，that指的是上文的strongand powerfulo 故选 B。(3)细节理解题。根据 Grayson Turner is a fa

11、ther of three girls and he isnt worried at a ll.以及后面他说的话可知他认为父母不必为颜色的喜好担心，故选Ao(4)写作意图题。通读全文可知大意是表达人们对粉红色的不同观点，故选D。【点评】考查阅读理解能力，细节题要找到答案的依据，文章结构题要通篇观察，确定文章的结构，写作意图题要根据语境确定作者的写作目的。2.阅 读理解Crazy Bubble RunThe happiest family activity Ever!Time:10 a.m.Date:November 3rdA Money-R aising Event for the City

12、Charity ProgramOrganized by United Nations Childrens Fund(联合国儿童基金会)Come and get your Bubble Run Bag(T-shirt,number plate,hair band,waterproof(防水的)bag,color stickers and water gun)at 9:30 a.m.!We will be waiting for you at theOlympic Park in Beijing!R egistration Fees:120 Student150 Non-student 240 O

13、ne adult with a child aged 5-10For more information:Tel:010-8856941340.(1)When will the Crazy Bubble Run event begin?A.At 9:30 a.m.on October 1st.B.At 10 a.m.on October 1stC.At 9:30 a.m.on November 1st.D.At 10 a.m.on November 3rd.(2)Who started this running event?A.United Nations Childrens Fund.B.Be

14、ijing Municipal Government.C.City Charity Program.D.The Olympic Park.(3)Which of the following is NOT true according to the poster(海 报)?A.Two adults with a child aged 6 should pay 240 for this event.B.The event wants to raise money.C.We can know the website of the event.D.Crazy Bubble R un is a happ

15、y family activity.【答案】(1)D(2)A(3)A【解析】【分析】文章大意：这是一幅广告，介绍了有史以来最快乐的家庭活动，快乐泡泡跑。这是一项有联合国儿童基金会组织的慈善募捐活动，参与了登记就可以领到一份礼物。不同的人需要不同的等级费用。还介绍了网站和联系方式。(1)细节理解题，根 据 Time:10 a.m.Date:November 3 rd 可知活动在H 一月三号上午十点开始，故答案是D。(2)细节理解题，根 据 Organized by United Nations Children Fund(联合国儿童基金会)可知，活动有联合国儿童基金会组织，故答案是A。(3)正误

16、判断题，根 据 240 One adult with a child aged 5-10可知一个大人和一个5到 10岁的孩子花费240元，而不是4240元，故答案是A。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题和正误判断题。细节理解题要可以直接从文中寻找答案；正误判断题属于细节理解题的一种，也需要根据文章内容进行判定。3.阅 读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。The world has a plastics problem.And not just with bottles.Straws(吸 管),toothbrushes,toys-all kinds of pla

17、stics are placed in landfills.There are 5 billion tons of plastic waste in theworld.Landfills have a large part of it.By 2050,they could have 13 billion tons.Much of plastic rubbish finds its way into the ocean.Scientists say 165 million tons of plasticpieces are floating around out there.And most p

18、lastic wont disappear itself.It will remain in theocean forever.Whales get caught in plastic fishing nets.Birds die because of eating plastic strawsand bottle caps.It endangers ocean life.Plastic rubbish even ends up in the food we eat.Governments are realizing that recycling may not be enough.They

19、are taking more actions.Though it is hard work,it is still a solvable problem.In Britain,people are not allowed to useplastic bags except in hospitals.Scotland and several coastal cities in the US stop people fromusing plastic straws as well.The US alone throws away some 500 million plastic straws a

20、 day.Thafs enough to circle the Earth twice.Saying no to a plastic straw is an easy way to make a bigdifference,Diana Lofflin who started www.strawfree.org said.Do we really want to pass on toour children a world harmed by plastic?People have found some tasty ways to reduce waste.A company in India

21、made the first-everspoon that people can eat.You dont have to eat the spoon.You can throw it away.Itdecomposes(分解)in just a few days.David Edwards,a scientist at Harvard University,designed an eatable bag which can protect the food or drink inside.It is a delicious replacementfor plastic ones.(1)Acc

22、ording to the writer,birds die because they.A.eat bottle caps and straws B.get caught in fishing netsC.feed on ocean animals D.have the spoons in India(2)The underlined word endangers in Paragraph 2 probably means.A.brings B.loses C.harms D.saves(3)The purpose of the passage is mainly to.A.introduce

23、 some ways to recycle wasteB.tell readers about the problem with plasticsC.compare air pollution and plastic pollutionD.describe how the US is reducing plastic waste(4)From the passage,we can tell that the plastics p r o b l e m.A.is too big for people to solve B.can be solved by recycling aloneC.ca

24、n be solved,but it wont be easy D.will have to be solved by future scientists【答案】(1)A(2)C(3)B(4)C【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍塑料对环境和人类和动物伤害。各国政府意识到，回收利用可能不够。人们找到了一些减少浪费的好方法。印度的一家公司制造了第一个人们可以吃的勺子。你不必吃勺子。你可以扔掉它。它在几天内就分解了。哈佛大学的科学家大卫爱德华兹设计了一个可食的袋子，可以保护里面的食物或饮料。很好吃的替代品。(1)细节理解题。根据 Birds die because of eating plast

25、ic straws and bottle caps.可知鸟死于吃塑料吸管和瓶盖，故选A。(2)词义猜测题。根据 Much of plastic rubbish finds its way into the ocean.Scientists say 165million tons of plastic pieces are floating around out there.And most plastic wont disappear itself.It will remain in the ocean forever.可知塑料永久处在于海洋之中，部分自动分解，就会伤害到鲸鱼、鸟和海洋生物。A

26、：brings带来：B：loses损失；C：harm s伤害；D：saves拯救。故选C。(3)文章大意题。根据文章大意告诉读者塑料对环境、人类和动物的伤害及解决的办法。故选B(4)推理判断题。根据 By 2050,they could have 13 billion tons.和 Governments are realizingthat recycling may not be enough.及 You can throw it away.It decomposes(分 解)in just a fewdays.It is a delicious replacement可知塑料问题可以解决，

27、但不是很容易的事情，故选C。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。4.阅读理解One day an Australian farmer Joe saw a bright light in the sky.The light came nearer andnearer and suddenly Joe saw that it was a spaceship.The spaceship landed in a field quickly.The door o

28、f the spaceship opened and two strange beings climbed out.Joe was afraid of them.He tried to run away.But the spacemen walked towards him,picked him up and carried him intothe spaceship.They put wires from a machine onto his head and then they could speak to him inEnglish.They asked him questions ab

29、out the Earth.Were from Venus(金 星)they said,but it isgetting very hot there.A lot of our people are dying and we havent much time left.We are tryingto find a new home.After some time they freed Joe and at last the spaceship took off and could not be seen.Joe told his friends about the spacemen,but n

30、o one believed his story.Youll believe me oneday,Joe told them.The spacemen will come back.(1)The bright light in the sky wa s.A.the sun B.a spaceship C.a shining bird D.Venus(2)The strange beings came to the Earth to.A.visit Joe B.catch Joe C.find a new home D.live with Joe(3)Joe was the spaceship.

31、A.carried into B.asked into C.not afraid of D.happy to get into(4)The strange beings_before they let him go.A.had asked Joe several questions B.had given Joe some wiresC.had asked Joe to mend their machine D.had given Joe a lot of money(5)People didnt believe Joe b e c a u s e.A.he told a lieB.they

32、didnt welcome the strange beingsC.they wanted to see the strange beings very muchD.they hadnt seen the strange beings before【答案】(1)B(2)C(3)A(4)A(5)D【解析】【分析】主要讲了澳大利亚农民Joe告诉朋友们他看见了太空人。(1)细节题。根据suddenly Joe saw that it was a spaceship.可知是太空飞船，故选B。(2)细节题。根据We are trying to find a new home.可知奇怪的人努力找到一个新家

33、1 故选 C。(3)细节题。根据 But the spacemen walked towards him,picked him up and carried him intothe spaceship.可知Joe被太空人带到太空飞船里，故选Ao(4)细节题。根据 They asked him questions about the Earth.可知怪人问了 Joe 几个问题，故选Ao(5)细节题。根据 Joe told his friends about the spacemen,but no one believed his story.Youllbelieve me one day,Joe

34、 told them.The spacemen will come back”可知 Joe 的朋友不相信的原因是他们没有见过太空人，故选D。【点评】考查阅读理解，主要细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。5.阅读理解Are you the only child in the family?If so,you are the most important in your family.Parentsare the closest people to you in the world.But a lot of middle school students have a problem.They feel

35、 theyre not as close to their parents as before.They even dont think their parents arefair(公 平 的)to them.Some students complain that their parents often say a lot to them,but never listen to them.Some say their parents dont allow them to play computer games when other classmates aredoing that.Others

36、 say when theyre making phone calls to friends,their parents like to ask iftheyre speaking to a boy or a girl.These make them very unhappy.Some students even decide toleave home because theyre afraid to tell their parents when they have done something wrong,especially when they do badly in exams.The

37、n they usually think running away is the only choice(选 择).But they dont know running away may bring them some more problems.P roblems are parts of life.Here are some suggestions for you to solve your problems.(1)Find a good chance to talk with your parents.Dont be afraid to tell them your feelings.(

38、2)Get help from others like good friends or teachers.(3)Keep a diary to help you understand more about yourself and your feelings.(4)Show your parents youre growing up.Then theyll feel youre no longer a small child.If you follow the advice,youll have a happy life and never think of running away.(1)A

39、ccording to the a r t ic le,a r e the closest people to an only child.A.teachers B.classmates C.parents D.friends(2)Which of the following is TR UE?A.Parents dont love their children now.B.Middle school students dont have any problem.C.Some students dont think their parents are fair to them.D.Some s

40、tudents think their parents are fair to them.(3)Wed better_if we have problems.A.talk with our parents B.quarrel with our parentsC.leave our parents D.leave home at once(4)Why does the author advise to keep a diary?A.Because its our homework.B.Because it can help us practice writing.C.Because it can

41、 help us understand ourselves better.D.Because its very important.(5)This article is about some middle school students_.A.friends B.hobbies C.problems D.parents【答案】(1)C(2)C(3)A(4)C(5)C【解析】【分析】主要讲了一些学生出现的问题及解决建议。(1)细节题。根据 Parents are the closest people to you in the world.可知父母是最亲近的人,故选Co(2)细节题。They e

42、ven dont think their parents are fair(公 平 的)to them.可知一些学生被认为他们的父母公平对待他们，故选C。(3)细节题。根据Find a good chance to talk with your parents,可知有问题最好和父母交流，故选A。(4)细节题。根据(3)Keep a diary to help you understand more about yourself and your feelings.可知写日记可以帮助更好地了解自己和自己的感情，故选C。(5)主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了一些学生出现的问题及解决建议。故选C。【点评

43、】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题和主旨题常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。6.阅 读理解As you grow older,youll be faced with some challenging decisions-like whether to cut class ortry cigarettes.Making decisions on your own is hard enough,but when other people take part inand try to pressure you one way or another it

44、can be even harder.People who are your age,likeyour classmates,are called peers.When they try to influence how you act,to get you to dosomething,its called peer pressure.Peers can have a positive influence on each other.Maybe another student in your science classtaught you an easy way to remember th

45、e planets in the solar system(太阳系).Maybe you gotothers excited about your new favorite book,and now everyones reading it.These are examplesof how peers positively influence each other.Sometimes peers influence each other in negative ways.For example,a few kids in schoolmight try to get you to cut cl

46、ass with them.Your soccer friend might try to convince(使信月艮)you to be mean to another player and never pass him the ball.It is tough to be the only one who says no to peer pressure,but you can do it.Payingattention to your own feelings and beliefs about what is right and wrong can help you know ther

47、ight thing to do.Youve probably had a parent or teacher advising you to choose your friends wisely.Peerpressure is a big reason why they say this.If you choose friends who dont cut class,smokecigarettes,or lie to their parents,then you probably wont do these things either,even if otherkids do.If you

48、 continue to face peer pressure and youre finding it difficult to deal with,talk tosomeone you trust.Dont feel guilty(内 疚)if youve made a mistake or two.(1)What does the word him in bold in Paragraph 3 refer to?A.Another player.B.Your soccer friend.C.Your father.D.Your teacher.(2)The underlined word

49、 tough in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to.A.difficult B.wise C.helpful D.impolite(3)Which of following may help deal with peer pressure?A.Spending more time with classmates.B.Taking up more relaxing hobbies.C.Choosing friends with no bad habits.D.Helping others who are in trouble.(4)Which of th

50、e following shows the structure(结构)of the passage?(P=P aragraph)(5)For whom is the passage most probably written?A.Students.B.Parents.C.Teachers.D.Doctors.【答案】（1）A(2)A(3)C(4)A(5)A【解析】【分析】主要讲了影响学生行为的同辈压力。(1)细节题。根据 Your soccer friend might try to convince(使 信 服)you to be mean toanother player and neve

51、r pass him the ball.可知足球朋友努力使你相信对另一个运动员刻薄，不把球传给另一个运动员，所 以 him指的是另一个运动员，故选A。(2)细节题。根据 It is tough to be the only one who says no to peer pressure,but you can doit.可知对那些拒绝同辈压力的人是困难的，所以tough意思是困难的，即 difficult,故选A。(3)细节题。根据 Youve probably had a parent or teacher advising you to choose your friendswisely

52、.”可知建议你明智选择朋友，即选择没有坏习惯的，故选C。(4)细节题。根据全文可知第一段总结，2-3段介绍同辈压力的影响，4-6介绍解决方法，故选Ao(5)细节题。IKiK People who are your age,like your classmates,are called peers.可知讲的是同学，即学生，故选A。【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。7.阅读理解Aaron didnt want to tell his classmates that he was homeless.But when he recorded his ownstory wit

53、h StoryCorpsU-a project set up to help kids in high-needs schools build strongerrelationships with their teachers-he says,it just came out.nl dont know what made me say it,Aaron explains,but Im like,Let me just be honest andjust get it out.In his recording,made last year in Chicago,Aaron said that h

54、e had to sleep outside,sometimes with nothing to eat.I was ashamed(羞耻的).I am still ashamed.Only when hearing Aarons recording did his teacher,Celeste Davis-Carr,learned that he wasliving on the streets.I was scared,because I felt helpless,Davis-Carr tells Aaron.I didnt know what to do,but atthe same

55、 time I felt I must try my best to help you.I didnt really think that I would ever really tell a teacher;but it makes me know that yourespecial because you care,Aaron says.You talk to me and make sure that Im cool.In the year since showing his secret,Aaron says hes doing better.He has more friends a

56、nd hasbeen living in a foster home(寄养家庭)since October.Its good,actually.I feel comfortable.Where I am now-it kind of feels like home.Can I tell you one thing that I really admire about you,Aaron?Davis-Carr asks.Because Ivenever told you.Do you know how strong you are?You have a strength(力 量)that,no

57、matterwhat anyone says about you or they do to you,you dont change who you are as a person.And alot of people dont have that strength.So I admire that about you.Thank you,Aaron replies.I want to see you happy,his teacher tells him.Just your smile is the best moments of you.Thank you,Aaron says.That

58、means a lot to me.(1)Aaron told his story in the recording to.A.help the homeless kids B.look for happinessC.win support from others D.keep himself honest(2)In the eyes of Aaron,his teacher D a v is-C a r r.A.offered him special care B.felt helpless in his lifeC.sometimes looked cool D.was too scare

59、d to help him(3)Which of the following statements about Aaron is TUR E?A.Aaron feels good about his new home.B.Aaron dislikes his teachers except Davis-Carr.C.Aaron has told his classmates he is homeless.D.Aaron is always ready to change himself.(4)What is the main idea of the passage?A.A teenager e

60、njoys going to school alone.B.A teacher admires a student for his smile.C.A homeless boy finds love in a teacher.D.A recording helps a student find his parents.【答案】(1)D(2)A(3)A(4)C【解析】【分析】文章大意：主要介绍了无家可归的男孩Aron在老师身上发现爱的故事。(1)细节题。根据I dont know what made me say it,Aaron explains,but Im like,Let me just

61、be honest and just get it out.可知，说出整个故事是为了保持诚实，故选D。(2)细节题。根据 but it makes me know that youre special because you care 可知，在 Aron的眼里，老师是关心他的，故选A。(3)推理判断题。根据Its good,actually.I feel comfortable.可知，他觉得新家是好的,舒服的，所以A 选项正确，故选A。（4）主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要介绍了无家可归的男孩Aron在老师身上发现爱的故事，故选c。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型

62、，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。8.阅读理解Fiona likes to listen to music.She likes to listen to classical music.Now she is listening toBeethovens Symphony(交响曲)No.5.The music is about fate knocking on the door.Fate isthe unseen power of life.Fate changes our lives.Fate designs o

63、ur lives.Fiona likes this music.Shefeels the power of music.Suddenly,somebody knocks on her door.She goes to the door and opens it.There is a man atthe door.The man is old.He has grey hair and a grey beard(胡 须).She doesnt know who theperson is.The man says he is her father.She closes the door in fro

64、nt of the man.She stays at thedoor and thinks.She has a father.But he is dead.She doesnt know the man at the door.Shedoesnt understand why he says he is her father.She wants to call the police.Just then she cansee a photo under the door.The man is giving her a photo.She looks at the photo.She can se

65、eherself with a man she doesnt know.It is her because she took many photos when she was ayoung girl.Is the man who is standing in front of her door her father?She must find the answer.She opens the door.She asks the man whether he is lying or not.The man tells her he is tellingthe truth.She invites

66、him for a cup of coffee.They sit down and drink coffee.They start talkingabout life.He tells her everything that he knows.She listens.Sometimes she is surprised.Sometimes she cries.Sometimes she laughs.They are listening to Beethoven.This time it is notfate,but her father who is knocking on the door.(1)What kind of music does Fiona like?A.Folk music.B.Pop music.C.R ock and roll.D.Classical music.(2)Why does Fiona open the door again?A.Because the man gives her a photo of her and her father.B.Bec