专四-完形填空真题汇总

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1、完形填空汇总讲解A cloze test(also cloze deletion test)is an exercise,test,or assessment consisting of aportion of text with certain words removed,where the participant is asked to replace the missingwords.Cloze tests require the ability to understand context and vocabulary in order to identifythe correct wo

2、rds or type of words that belong in the deleted passages of a text.This exercise iscommonly administered for the assessment of native and second language learning andinstruction.The word cloze derives from closure in Gestalt theory.The exercise was first described byW.L.Taylor in 1953.Task DesignWor

3、ds may be deleted from the text in question either mechanically(every nth word)orselectively,depending on exactly what aspect it is intended to test for.The methodology is thesubject of an extensive academic literature;nonetheless,teachers commonly devise ad hoc 特设的 tests.ExampleA language teacher m

4、ay give the following passage to students:Today,I went to the and bought some milk and eggs.I knew it was going to rain,but Iforgot to take my,and ended up getting wet on the way.Students would then be required to fill in the blanks with words that would best completethe passage.Context in language

5、and content terms is essential in most,if not all,cloze tests.The first blank is preceded by“the；therefore,a noun,an adjective or an adverb must follow.However,a conjunction follows the blank;the sentence would not be grammatically correct ifanything other than a noun were in the blank.The words mil

6、k and eggs*is important fbrdeciding which noun to put in the blank;supermarket is a possible answer;depending on thestudent,however,the first blank could either be store,supermarket,shop or market whileumbrella or raincoat fits the second.And home for the third blank.AssessmentThe definition of succ

7、ess in a given cloze test varies,depending on the broader goals behind theexercise.Assessment may depend on whether the exercise is objective(i.e.students are given alist of words to use in a cloze)or subjective(i.e.students are to fill in a cloze with words thatwould make a given sentence grammatic

8、ally correct).I saw a man lay his jacket on a puddle for a woman crossing the street.I thought that was veryGiven the above passage,students answers may then vary depending on their vocabulary skillsand their personal opinions.However,the placement of the blank at the end of the sentencerestricts th

9、e possible words that may complete the sentence;following an adverb and finishingthe sentence,the word is most likely an adjective.Romantic,chivalrous or gallant 献殷勤的may,fbr example,occupy the blank,as well as foolish or cheesy 拙劣的.Using those answers,ateacher may ask students to reflect on the opin

10、ions drawn from the given cloze.六大线索完形填空的每一个空格都不是孤立存在的，它是整个篇章的一部分，与上下文有着明显或微妙的关系，因此在选择时就要考虑到各选项与上下文的联系。通常这种联系或关系为考生做出正确选择提供了各种线索，比如语义逻辑、语法框架、词汇搭配及词义的应用和概念，还有些是非语言性的知识等。1.语义线索：在完形填空中，某些项的选择可以根据“语义”来决定，既已有的词或句子的语义决定着必须选择某个选项，否则整个文章的语义逻辑就不通，内容就与作者的原意不一致。2.语法线索：指所填入的词与上下文可能发生的语法方面的联系。3.词汇线索：有些完形填空要填入的词与

11、上下文其他词有各种联系，文中的词往往在词义上或搭配上决定了应填入的词。4.概念线索：在完形填空题的上下文中，有时会出现一些词与空格内需要填的词同指一个人或事物，甚至可以在上下文中找到应填的同一个词。5.语篇线索：有时完形填空的各选项同为表示一定逻辑关系或承接关系的词或词组。选项同为单词时首先看四个选项是否词性相同。若连词、副词混杂，先分析原句成分是否完整，可参考标点符号或其他连词的存在。确定所需词性后，再判断逻辑题在原文中所涉及的范围。有时只是几个词之间的关系。常出现在完形填空部分的逻辑关系表示方式有连词、副词、语气词及插入语、词 组（介词词组）等。6.超语言线索：在完形填空考题中，有时不是利

12、用以上几种线索便可以决定选项，这时往往要根据自己对试题内容的有关背景知识的了解来决定填入的选项。2009年研究生入学考试Historically,humans get serious about avoiding disasters only after one has just struck them.62 that logic,2006 should have been a breakthrough year for rational behavior.With thememory of 9/11 still 63 in their minds,Americans watched hurr

13、icane Katrina,the mostexpensive disaster in U.S.history,on 64 TV.Anyone who didnt know it before shouldhave learned that bad things can happen.And they are made 65 worse by our willfulblindness to risk as much as our 66 to work together before everything goes to hell.Granted,some amount of delusion（

14、错觉）is probably part of the 67 condition.In A.D.63,Pompeii was seriously damaged by an earthquake,and the locals immediately went to work68、in the same spotuntil they were buried altogether by a volcano eruption 16 years later.But a 69 of the past year in disaster history suggests that modern America

15、ns are particularlybad at 70 themselves from guaranteed threats.We know more than we 71 did about thedangers we face.But it turns 72 that in times of crisis,our greatest enemy is 73 thestorm,the quake or the 74 itself.More often,it is ourselves.So what has happened in the year that 75 the disaster o

16、n the Gulf Coast?In New Orleans,the Army Corps of Engineers has worked day and night to rebuild the flood walls.They havegot the walls to 76 they were before Katrina,more or less.Thats not 7 7,we can nowsay with confidence.But it may be all 78 can be expected from one year of hustle(it而 录).Meanwhile

17、,New Orleans officials have crafted a plan to use buses and trains to 79 the sickand the disabled.The city estimates that 15,000 people will need a 80 out.However,stateofficials have not yet determined where these people will be taken.The 81 withneighboring communities are ongoing and difficult.62.A

18、)To B)By C)On D)For63.A)fresh B)obvious C)apparent D)evident64.A)visual B)vivid C)live D)lively65.A)little B)less C)more D)much66.A)reluctance B)rejection C)denial D)decline67.A)natural B)world C)social D)human68.A)revising B)refining C)rebuilding D)retrieving69.A)review B)reminder C)concept D)prosp

19、ect70.A)preparing B)protesting C)protecting D)prevailing71.A)never B)ever C)then D)before72.A)up B)down C)over D)out73.A)merely B)rarely C)incidentally D)accidentally74.A)surge B)spur C)surf D)splash75.A)ensued B)traced C)followed D)occurred76.A)which B)where C)what D)when77.A)enough B)certain C)con

20、clusive D)final78.A)but B)as C)that D)those79.A)exile B)evacuate C)dismiss D)displace80.A)ride B)trail C)path D)track81.A)conventions B)notifications C)communications D)negotiations2010How men first learned to invent words is unknown;(3 1),the origin of language is amystery.All we really know is tha

21、t men,unlike animals,somehow invented certain(3 2)toexpress thoughts and feelings,actions and things,(3 3)they could communicate with eachother;and that later they agreed(3 4)certain signs,called letters,which could be(35)to represent those sounds,and which could be(3 6).Those sounds,whether spoken,

22、(37)written in letters,we call words.The power of words,then,lies in their(3 8)-the things they bring up before ourminds.Words become(3 9)with meaning for us by experience;(4 0)the longer welive,the more certain words(4 1)to us the happy and sad events of our past;and the morewe(4 2),the more the nu

23、mber of words that mean something to us(4 3).Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts inwords which appeal(4 4)to our minds and emotions.This(4 5)and telling use ofwords is what we call(4 6)style.Above all,the real poet is a master of(4 7).He canconvey

24、 his meaning in words which sing like music,and which(4 8)their position andassociation can(4 9)men to tears.We should,therefore,learn to choose our words carefullyand use them accurately,or they will(5 0)our speech or writing silly and vulgar.(31)A.in addition B.in other words C.in a word D.in summ

25、ary(32)A.sounds B.gestures C.signs D.movements(33)A.such that B.as that C.so that D.in that(34)A.in B.with C.of D.upon(35)A.spelt B.combined C.written D copied(36)A.written down B.handed down C.remembered D.observed(37)A.and B.yet C.also D.or(38)A.functions B.associations C.roles D.links(39)A.filled

26、 B.full C.live D.active(40)A.but B.or C.yet D.and(41)A.reappear B.recall C.remember D.recollect(42)A.read and think B.read and recall C.read and leam D.read and recite(43)A.raises B.increases C.improves D.emerges(44)A.intensively B.extensively C.broadly D.powerfully(45)A.charming B.academic C.conven

27、tional D.common(46)A.written B.spoken C.literary D.dramatic(47)A.signs B.words C.style D.sound(48)A.in B.on C.over D.by(49)A.move B.engage C.make D.force(50)A.transform B.change C.make D.convert题材分析：英语语言文学专业知识31 B in other words注意句子中的分号连接的两部分，后一部分是对前一部分的解释，也就是换一种说法。32 A sounds根据语言学知识和下文those sounds,

28、those必须有所指，因此上文必然已经提到过一次sounds o33 C so that结果状语从句。34 D upon搭 配 agree upon sth.就某事达成一致看法。35 B combined字母组合构造单词。36 A written down.写下来成文文字。37 D o r语言符号的两种存在方式：口语与书面语。38 B associations联想的功能或事物，破折号后面有解释。39 A filled 搭配 filled with 或 full ofo40 D and顺序连接。41 B recall 唤起，属于 bring up before our minds,associa

29、tions 的同义反复。42 C read and learn原文如此，但 read and recite似乎也说得通。43 B increases成正比例关系。44 D powerfully 分辨词义。45 A charming charming and telling,引人入胜、生动形象的。46 C literary style 文体。47 B words.Poet广义上可以是任何文学创作者，文学理论也叫诗学。48D by通过49 A move 感动50 C make 句型问题 make+N.+Adj.2009Scientists around the world are racing t

30、o learn how to rapidly diagnose 诊断，treat and stopthe spread of a new,deadly disease.SARS-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-was(31)for the first time in February 2003 in Hanoi 河内，(32)since then has infected 感染more than 1,600 people in 15 countries,killing 63.At this(3 3),there are more questionsthan

31、answers surrounding the disease.Symptoms start(34)a fever over 100.4 degrees F,chills,headache or body(3 5).Within a week,the patient has a dry cough,which might(36)to shortness of breath.In10%to 20%of cases,patients require(37)ventilation to breathe.About 3.5%die from thedisease.Symptoms(3 8)begin

32、in two to seven days,but some reports suggest it(39)take as long as 10 days.Scientists are close to(40)a lab test to diagnose SARS.In themeantime,it is diagnosed by its symptoms.There is no evidence(4 1)antibiotics oranti-viral medicines help,(42)doctors can offer only supportive care.Patients with

33、SARSare kept in isolation to reduce the risk of(43).Scientists aren*t sure yet,but someresearchers think its a(44)discovered coronavirus 冠状病毒(联系精读中学过的coronary thrombosis 冠状动脉血栓症),the family of viruses that cause some common colds 普通感冒.Most cases appear to have been passed(4 5)droplets expelled when

34、infected patientscough or sneeze.Family members of infected people and medical workers who care(46)them have been most likely to(47)the illness.But recent developments in Hong Kongsuggest that the(4 8)might spread through air,or that the virus might(4 9)for two tothree hours on doorknobs or other(5

35、0).Health experts say it is unlikely,though,thatsharing an elevator briefly with an infected person would be enough to pass the virus.(31)A.detected B.caught C.disclosed D.revealed(32)A.but B.and(表示顺接)C.or D.yet(33)A.time B.point C.aspect D.instance(34)A.from B.over C.upon D.with(35)A.hurt B.sore C.

36、aches D.feelings(36)A.process B.advance C.progress D.convert(37)A.automatic B.artificial C.mechanical D.controlled(38)A.regularly B.ordinarily C.traditionally D.generally(39)A.will B.might C.should D.must(40)A.cultivating B.fostering C.developing D.designing(41)A.which B.that C.whether D.what(42)A.s

37、o B.but C.still D.yet(43)A.communication B.transportation C.transformation D.transmission(44)A.lately B.newborn C.newly D.renewed(45)A.under B.through C.beneath D.from(46)A.for B.over C.after D.about(47)A.acquire B.receive C.obtain D.contract(48)A.ailment B.ill-health C.disease D.infection(49)A.cont

38、inue B.linger C.delay D.persist(50)A.exteriors B.outside C.surfaces D.coverings参考答案：31.A 32.B 33.B 34.D 35.C 36.A 37.C 38.D 39.B 40.C41.B 42.A 43.D 44.C 45.B 46.A 47.D 48.C 49.B 50.C分析：1.主题是：一、关于SARS的新闻报道，属于医学类；二、与中国相关的准时事材料。2.搭配：to detect(经检验)发现 the disease；3.搭配：at this point 在这一节骨眼上，例如：There are t

39、imes you find yourself unable to workout problems.It is at this point that the way you use your teacher is important.4.搭配：start with=begin with.5.区别同义词：hurt肉体伤害或精神痛苦；body aches身体痛；sore(肌肤的)痛处，伤处。6.progress v i.指病情发展。7.mechanical ventilation 专业知识，呼吸机。8.一般概述：generally9.推测：might10.develop a lab test开发实

40、验室测试11.that引导同位语从句12.结 果 so13.transmission 疾病的传播。14.newly 副词15.through,通 过(一定的途径)droplets expelled when infected patients cough or sneeze,被感染的病人咳嗽或打喷嚏留下的赃物。16.care for 照看17.contract the illness,感染疾病。18.ailment疾病(尤指慢性病)19.linger逗留、徘徊20.exteriors 外貌 outside 外面 surfaces 表面 coverings 覆盖物2008Salt,shells

41、or metals are still used as money in out-of-the-way parts of the world today.Salt may seem rather a strange(3 1)to use as money,(32)in countries where thefood of the people is mainly vegetable,it is often an(33)necessity.Cakes of salt,stampedto show their(3 4),were used as money in some countries un

42、til recent(3 5),and cakesof salt(3 6)buy goods in Borneo and parts of Africa.Sea shells(37)as money at some tim e(38)another over the greater part of theOld World.These were(39)_mainly from the beaches of the Maldives Islands in the IndianOcean,and were traded to India and China.In Africa,shells wer

43、e traded right across the(40)_from East to West.Metal,valued by weight,(4 1)coins in many parts of the world.Iron,in lumps,bars or rings,is still used in many countries(4 2)paper money.It can either beexchanged(43)goods,or made into tools,weapons,or ornaments.The early money ofChina,apart from shell

44、s,was of bronze,(44)in flat,round pieces with a hole in the middle,called cash”.The(45)of these are between three thousand and four thousand years old-older than the earliest coins of the eastern Mediterranean.Nowadays,coins and notes have(4 6)nearly all the more picturesque(4 7)ofmoney,and(4 8)in o

45、ne or two of the more remote countries people still keep it fbr futureuse on ceremonial(4 9)such as weddings and funerals,examples of(5 0)money willsoon be found only in museums.(31)A.object B.article C.substance D.category(32)A.but B.and C.so D.even(33)A.abstract B.advantageous C.abundant D.absolut

46、e(34)A.weight B.value C.role D.size(35)A.times B.events C.situations D.conditions(36)A.even B.also C.still D.never(37)A.had been used B.are used C.would be used D.would have been used(38)A.and B.but C.yet D.or(39)A.collected B.produced C.grown D.raised(40)A.city B.district C.community D.continent(41

47、)A.processed B.produced C.preceded D.proceeded(42)A.in spite of B.instead of C.along with D.in line with(43)A.against B.as C.in D.for(44)A.often B.seldom C.really D.much(45)A.earlier B.earliest C.better D.best(46)A.replaced B.reproduced C.reflected D.recovered(47)A.sizes B.shapes C.formats D.forms(4

48、8)A.while B.although C.because D.if(49)A.events B.gatherings C.occasions D.assemblies(50)A.original B.primitive C.historical D.crude31-35 CADBA36-40 CADAD41-45 CBDAB46-50 ADBCB2007Until I took Dr Offutt class in DeMatha High school,I was an underachieving student,butI left that class(31)never to und

49、erachieve again.He not only taught me to think,heconvinced me,(32)by example as words that it was my moral(33)to do so andto serve others.(3 4)of us could know how our relationship would(35)over the years.When Icame back to DeMatha to teach English,I worked for Dr Offutt,the department chair.Mydiscu

50、ssion with him were like graduate seminars in adolescent(3 6),classroommanagement and school leadership.After several years,I was(37)department chair,and ourrela tio n sh ip(3 8)ag a in.I thought that it might be(39)chairing thedepartment,since all of my(40)English teachers were(41)there,but Dr Offu

51、ttsupported me(42).He knew when to give me advice(43)curriculum,texts andpersonnel,and when to let me(44)my own course.In 1997,I needed his(45)about leaving DeMatha to become principal at anotherschool.(46)he had asked me to stay at DeMatha,I might have.(47),heencouraged me to seize the opportunity.

52、Five years ago,1 became the principal ofD e M a th a.(4 8),Dr Offutt was there for me,letting me know that I could(49)him.I have learned from him that great teachers have an in e x h a u stib le(5 0)o f lessons toteach.31.A.concerned B.worried C.determined D.decided32.A.as much B.much as C.as such D

53、.such as33.A.work B.job C.duty D.obligation34.A.Both B.Neither C.Either D.Each35.A.evolve B.stay C.remain D.turnB.procedure C.development D.movementB.namedC.askedD.invited38.A.movedB.alteredC.wentD.shifted39.A.awkward B.uneasy C.unnatural D.former40.A.older B.experienced C.former D./41.A./B.still C.

54、even D.already42.A.through B.throughout adv.自始自终 C.at the beginning D.all the way43.A.for B.at C.over D.about44.A.chart 制定计划 B.head C.describe D.manage B.request C.permission D.order46.A.Even if B.Although C.If D.Whenturally B.Instead C.consequently D.Still48.A.Once again B.Repeatedly C.Unusually D.

55、Unexpectedly49.A.count in B.count down C.count out D.count on 依赖B.bank C.wealth D.store31-35 CADBA 36-40 CBDAC41-45 BBDAA 46-50 CBADC2006There are many superstitions in Britain,but one of the most(31)held is that it is unlucky towalk under a ladder even if it means(32)the pavement into a busy street

56、!(33)you mustpass under a ladder you can(34)bad luck by crossing your fingers and(35)them crosseduntil you have seen a dog.(36),you may lick your finger and(37)a cross on the toe of yourshoe,and not look again at the shoe until the(38)has dried.Another common(39)is that it is unlucky to open an umbr

57、ella in the house-it will eitherbring(40)to the person who opened it or to the whole(41).Anyone opening an umbrellain fine weather is(42),as it inevitably brings rain!The number 13 is said to be unlucky for some,and when the 13th day of the month(43)on a Friday,anyone wishing to avoid a bad event ha

58、d better stay(44).the worst misfortune thatcan happen to a person is caused by breaking a mirror,(45)it brings seven years of bad luck!The superstition is supposed to(46)in ancient times,when mirrors were considered to be toolsof the gods.Black cats are generally considered lucky in Britain,even tho

59、ugh they are(47)witchcraft.it is(48)lucky if a black cat crosses your path-although in America the exactopposite belief prevails.Finally,a commonly held superstition is that of touching wood(49)luck.This measure ismost often taken if you think you have said something that is tempting fate,such as nm

60、y car hasnever(50),touch wood?1 131.A broadly B widely C quickly D speedily32.A running from B jumping off C stepping off D keeping from33.AlfB AsC Though D Unless34.A erase B remove C avoid D ease35.A keep B keeping C kept D to keep36.A Consequently B However C Comparatively D Alternatively37.A mak

61、e B print C perform D produce38.A label B symbol C mark D cut39.A argument B superstition C opinion D idea40.A loss B difficulty C tragedy D misfortune41.A house B household C home D circle42.A unwise B unintelligent C unpopular D unfortunate43.A falls B arrives C drops D happens44.A away B outdoors

62、 C indoors D far45.A when B as C if D though46.A have originated B be originating C be originated D originate47.A concerned about B related with C associated with D connected in48.A especially B specially C frequently D rarely49.AasB for C in D of50.A broken up B broken off C broken away D broken do

63、wnABAAC BDADB CBABD BACBC2005A persons home is as much a reflection of his personality as the clothes he wears,the food heeats and the friends with whom he spends his time.Depending on personality,most have in minda(n)”(31)home”.But in general,and especially for the student or new wage earners,there

64、 are practical(32)of cash and location on achieving that idea.Cash(33),in fact,often means that the only way of(34)when you leaveschool is to stay at home for a while until things(35)financially.There are obvious(36)of living at home一personal laundry is usually(37)done along withthe family wash;meal

65、s are provided and there will be a well-established circle of friends to(38).And there is(39)the responsibility for paying bills,rates,etc.On the other hand,(40)depends on how a family gets on.Do your parents like yourfriends?You may love your family(41)do you like them?Are you prepared to be(42)whe

66、n your parents ask where you are going in the evening and what time youexpect to be back?If you find that you cannot manage a(n)(43),and that you finallyhave the money to leave,how do you(44)finding somewhere else to live?If you plan to stay in your home area,the possibilities are(45)well-known to youalready.Friends and the local paper are always(46).If you are going to work in a(47)area,again there are the papers一and the accommodation agencies,(48)these should be approached with(49).Agencies ar