2022年中考英语真题分类汇编 专题16 阅读理解 考点3 说明文（学生版+解析版）

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1、专题1 6阅读理解考点3 说明文（一）（2022,新疆中考真题）Why did Chinese people have more than one name in ancient times?In ancient China,peoples names had three parts,their family name,given name and courtesy name.Takefamous poet Li Bai fbr example.His family name,which came from his fathers name,was Li.His given name wasB

2、ai,and his courtesy name was Taibai.People used their given names when they were among family members.But in social life,they called eachother by their courtesy names to show respect.This was mostly done among people of similar age.If you weretalking about yourself,or if your elders were talking abo

3、ut you,the given name would be used instead of thecourtesy name.Men would get their courtesy names when they turned 20.It was a symbol of adulthood（成年礼）.Womenwould get their courtesy names after getting married.Ones courtesy name often had something to do with ones given name.For example,the name of

4、 Menciuswas Meng Ke.His courtesy name was Ziyu.Both Ke and Ziyu mean carriage（马车）Zhuge Liangs given namewas Liang,which means“bright”.His courtesy name was Kongming,which means“very bright”.42.How many parts are there in peoples names in ancient China?A.3.B.4,C.5.D.6.43.What does the underlined word

5、 courtesy in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese?A.名 B.姓氏 C.字 D.呢称44.Why did people call each other by their courtesy names in social life?A.To show their love.B,To show their good relationship.C.To show their kindness.D.To show their respect.45.What would be used if your elders were talking about you accor

6、ding to the passage?A.Family name.B.Nickname.C.Given name.D.Courtesy name.46.Whats the main idea of the passage?A.The famous poet Li Bai.B.Three parts of ancient names.C.The ancient names and the modern names.D.The development of names.（二）（2022安徽 中考真题）Have you ever seen lions dancing in the streets?

7、The lions dance to the beat of a drum（鼓）.Of course,they arenot real lions.They are dancers in lion costumes（月 艮 饰）.Lion dancing first started in China centuries ago.It ismeant to bring good luck in the coming year.Usually,a lion is made up of two dancers.One dancer controls the head.The other contro

8、ls the tail.“I think of it as a sport,“says Anthony Huang,aged 16.He is a member of the New York Chinese FreemasonsAthletic Club.Anthony performs（表演）as the lions head.It can weigh 20 pounds.Lion dancing is important toAnthony.44This tradition really lifts me up,he says.In the past,lion dancing was p

9、erformed mostly by men.But it is different today.LionDanceMe is a liondancing group in San Francisco,California.There are boys and girls on its team.They dance together.“Anyone can take up lion dancing.You have to believe that you can do says Ananda Tang-Lee,a17-year-old girl.Lion dancing will conti

10、nue to evolve.But a teams sense of community will never change.uWe call it a family,Ananda says,Tts really great,because we always have each others backs.”34.Why do people perform lion dancing?A.To sell lion-dancing costumes.B.To wish for a lucky new year.C.To protect the lions in the wild.D.To show

11、 skills of playing the drum.35.Which role does Anthony play in lion dancing?A.The lions head.B.The lions tail.C.The drummer.D.The dresser.36.What does the underlined word evolve mean?A.延期 B.模仿 C.举办 D.演变37.What can we infer（推断）from Anandas words t4We call it a family”？A.They bring happiness to the fa

12、mily.B.They call lion dancing a family game.C.They live together in a big family.D.They support each other like a family.（三）（2022 安徽 中考真题）A team of scientists are carrying out a project at the University of Greenwich in London.They are trying tofind ways to make food on Mars（火星）in the future.The pro

13、ject is called Feeding Mars.It tries to use water,fishand fish waste to grow fruit and vegetables on Mars.It would take at least 21 months to reach Mars,learn about its surface and return to Earth.So it would be a bighelp if the spacemen could grow fresh food on Mars itself.Fanning on Mars,however,w

14、ill be very hard.Theres plenty of water that could be taken from ice just belowthe surface,but the land on Mars is missing the nutrients（养分）that living things need.The team say that theycould solve the problem by growing plants and fish together.Fish waste can then be used to provide nutrients forpl

15、ants.“It is expected that you can grow lots of food,such as vegetables,salads,teas and medicinal plants on Mars,“said Dr Benz Kotzen,who leads the project.44You can even harvest（捕获）fish fbr food then.42.What does the underlined word It in Paragraph 1 refer to（指的是）？A.The future.B.The project.C.The la

16、nd.D.The planet.43.What makes it difficult to farm on Mars?A.Ice below the surface.B.Too much fish waste.C.The missing of living things.D.The poor land condition.44.How does Dr Benz Kotzen feel about Feeding Mars?A.Hopeful.B.Doubtful.C.Surprised.D.Funny.（四）（2022安徽 中考真题）LAThe night sky is our earlies

17、t library.There,we stored our knowledge,and passed it down around the fire,before we invented the written word.I remember going to the local university for an astronomy（天文学）night when I was a child.That night,I sawSaturn,one of the planets,and its rings with my own eyes for the first time.The rings

18、shone bright against theblackness of space and suddenly the universe（宇宙）wasnt something that you only read about or imagined inyour head.It was right there,and you were a part of it.That moment is priceless.While starlight is good,light pollution here on Earth can be a real problem.For the past 200

19、years or so,wehave used too much electricity（电）to make the night brighter.However,brighter doesnt usually mean better,especially when a lot of that light shines up into the sky where no one needs it.Luckily,some cities have taken actions,like setting up new downward-directing lights along the street

20、s.I hopethat more cities will join in and continue the practice of controlling unnecessary lighting,so that more of us canwatch the night sky in a way humans have fbr thousands of years.45.What is the night sky compared to?A.A book.B.The earth.C.A library.D.The universe.46.How did the writer find th

21、e astronomy night?47.What does the writer hope for?A.It opened his eyes.B.It controlled his mind.C.It was a real problem.D.It took him too much time.A.A brighter night.B.Less use of lighting.C.More personal space.D.A better education.（五）（2022广东广州中考真题）When you and your friends turn to each other to t

22、alk about problems or troubles,you give each other adviceand help.One important thing of our growth is to make decisions to help our friends and learn to support each other.This requires us to learn what it means to help friends and how to help them in right ways.The first step toward helping others

23、 is to identify that they need help.We all know that difficulties are part ofour daily lives.However,sometimes small things can lead to more serious problems that require more help.Itsimportant to make sure when to help a friend.For example,you may pick up some signs that your friends are notacting

24、like themselves.These signs show they may not be well.The next step toward helping others is to listen.Paying attention to others while listening is very importantthroughout our life.When we communicate with others,we need to learn when to speak and when not to.Aslisteners,we should try to understan

25、d what the speakers are feeling or experiencing and try to see things from theirperspectives.Listening and paying attention to others when they speak is a sign of respect and a skill that will leadto deeper and better relationships.26.What is the purpose of the passage?A.To discuss why people help e

26、ach other.B.To describe the problems of giving help.C.To introduce the advantages of giving help.D.To explain how we can help others properly.27.What does the underlined word identify“in paragraph 2 mean?A.Require.B.Discover.C.Suggest.D.Remember.28.What is the main idea of paragraph 3?A.Act as a goo

27、d listener to your friends.B.Learn how to give advice to your friends.C.Pay attention to your friends9 unusual acts.D.Build good relationships with your friends.29.According to the writer,what should you do if your friends dont follow your advice on their serious problems?A.Keep their problems as se

28、crets.B.Let them make their own decisions.C.Find out the causes of their problems.D.Get help from their trusted teachers.（六）（2022广东广州 中考真题）Charles DarwinEarly yearsCharles Darwin was one of the six children from a big family.His grandfather and father were doctors and theyoung Darwin went to Edinbur

29、gh University to study medicine.However,he hated to see blood and he soonrealized that he couldnt be a docto匚 He then went to Cambridge University and discovered that he had a greatinterest in studying plants,insects and animals.Luckily,one of Darwins university teachers helped him Join theperfect t

30、rip for a biologist:a voyage around the world to study nature.The BeagleIn 183L Charles Darwin left Plymouth on The Beagle,a ship that took him around the world for five years.While he was travelling,he studied the plants and animals in the countries and on the islands that the ship visited.Darwin a

31、lso spent his time on The Beagle writing notes about the things he had seen.When he finally arrived backin Britain,Darwin was already starting to create his famous theory that all living things had a common ancestor（祖先）.Down houseCharles DarwinOn the Origin of SpeciesAt home at Down House,a place th

32、at you can still visit today,Darwin wrote many articles and books about histravels,but he didnt want to make anything about his theory known to the public.He worked in his study,where hewrote 250,000 words about his theory of evolution（进化论）,but he was frightened about what people might sayabout his

33、idea that monkeys were the ancestors of humans.He thought the public would be against it and was sofrightened that he became ill with worry.However,when another scientist started to write about similar ideas,Darwin decided to print his book,On the Origin of Species.Most scientists accepted Darwins t

34、heory and people continue to study it today.On 12th February,the day hewas born,Darwin Day is celebrated around the world to encourage more people to study the natural world.34.What caused Darwin to give up his study of medicine?A.He didnt like seeing blood.B.He found the studies too difficult.C.He

35、was pushed to give up by his family.D.He was advised to study natural science.35.Why was the trip on The Beagle important to Darwin?A.It helped him to finish his study at the university.B It allowed him to change his mind about his future.C.It gave him ideas about the beginnings of human life.D.It g

36、ot him to complete his most famous book on the ship.36.In what order did the following happen in Darwins life?a.He arrived back in Britain in 1836.b.He thought the public would not support his ideas.c.He became interested in studying the natural world.d.He printed his famous book,On the Origin of Sp

37、ecies.e.He received help to get a place on a trip around the world.f.He studied the plants and animals on the islands he visited.A.ea b d B.c-e J a b-d C.eJ a cd-b D.ceJ d 一b37.Why did the writer include the last paragraph?A.To introduce DarwinJs famous book.B.To tell how people celebrate Darwin Day

38、.C.To explain why people accept Darwins ideas.D.To show Darwins influence on natural science.（七）（2022广东广州中考真题）You ask someone how to get to a bookstore.They tell you to go straight,turn left,and you will find it on your left.In fact,you can also find your way with a phone.Now imagine you are in an o

39、utdoor game.You only have a mapand a compass,and instead of running down a city road,you may need to run around in the woods,climb overrocks and go up and down hills.Welcome to orienteering!In the game of orienteering,players use a map and a compass to find stations.These stations are calledcontrols

40、.A special flag,usually in bright colours,marks each control.Controls are not easy to find.They may be infront of a big rock or behind a tree.In most of the games,youll have to find controls in numbered order,but insome games you can change the order.At each control,players mark a card they carry wi

41、th them and the card will be marked in different ways(SeeFigure I).The cards are very important because players must find all the controls to win.If someone misses acontrol,they wont have that mark on their cards.They might cross the finish line first,but the next person to finishwith a full card wi

42、ll win the game.Orienteering Control CardNameStart timeCourseAgeClassFinish time123456*789101112 :Culture Note:The first compass was invented by ancientChinese people.It helps you find your way by alwayspointing to the North.Figure 138.What will players carry in the game?A.A map,a compass and a flag

43、.B.A flag,a compass and a card.C.A compass,a map and a card.D.A phone,a compass and a map.39.Which of the following is a rule of the game?A.You dont need to mark the cards.B.You cant miss any of the controls to win.C.You have to find controls in numbered order.D.You must be the first to pass the fin

44、ish line to win.40.How many controls has Anna finished in the game?A.9.B.10.C.11.D.12.（八）（2022湖南衡阳中考真题）A big sandstorm hit northern China several months ago.It covered many cities with thick clouds of yellowdust（尘土）.The storm,which came from Mongolia,was the largest sandstorm in China in the past 10

45、 years.Many flightsand classes were canceled because the visibility（能见度）was lower than 500 meters.The storm was the result of warm and dry weather in the area,together with the strong winds from Mongolia.There has been little rainfall so far this spring and the temperature is rising.So now it is a w

46、orrying time forsandstorms.said an expert from Beijing.In recent years,sandstorms havent been as common in northern China as before.The land with desertification（沙漠化）has been falling by 7,585 km2 per year in China,and the area of sandy land has been decreasing by 1,284km2 a year.This is thanks to Ch

47、inas Three-North Shelter Forest Program（TNSFP 三北防护林工程）which startedin the 1970s.Millions of trees have been planted in northern China to prevent sandstorms and protect theenvironment.Besides,China has a color-graded weather warning system（预警系统）for sandstorms,with red meaning themost serious,followed

48、 by orange and yellow.Therefore,people would have time to get prepared for the sandstorm.Sandstonn 1 kilonxicf.-i-,*a Yfrc 5）0 inelcrssandstormSuper severe _ s o 血.satuistomi _21.What caused the sandstorm from Mongolia?A.Cold and wet weather together with the strong winds.B.Warm,dry weather and the

49、strong winds.C.Warm,wet weather and the strong winds.22.The underlined word“decreasing“means A.going up B.putting down C.going down23.When did TNSFP start?A.In the 1970s.B.In the 1980s.C.In the 1960s.24.If the visibility in your city is 700 meters,what color will the warning be?A.Red.B.Orange.C.Yell

50、ow25.What can we infer（推断）from the passage?A.We have taken some actions to prevent sandstorms.B.Sandstorms have never changed.C.The weather is getting worse and worse.（九）（2022.河北中考真题）Presentation（展示）skills are important at school and in other areas of life.Some people dont like givingpresentations b

51、ecause they dont know what to say or because they get nervous about public speaking.Heres someadvice to help you make presentations easier and more enjoyable.1.Get organisedThe best presentations are well planned and clearly organized.Think about topics（话题）and choose a properone.In one topic,three o

52、r four main ideas will be fine.The beginning of your presentation should be interesting.For example,you can tell a short,funny story to make people laugh.2.Use photos or videosTry to use photos or videos.These things make your performance more exciting and help you remember whatyou re going to say.H

53、owever,you shouldnt use too many.The star of your presentation should be you,not yourphotos or videos.3.Practice before your performanceYou need to practice many times before the big day”.Practice saying any unusual words.Then write the mainideas on small cards to help you remember.Practice in front

54、 of a mirror and time your presentation.Finally,youcan record your performance or ask a friend to watch you and then make suggestions for improvements.4.Connect with your audience（观众）Always look at the audience when you speak.Stand up straight,but dont stand still or move around much.Finally,be sure

55、 to thank your audience when you finish speaking.It?s a simple but good way to end anypresentation.27.How can you interest your listeners at the beginning?A.By listing your ideas.B.By telling a funny story.C.By standing up straight.D.By saying simple words.28.Which is the big day according to the te

56、xt?A.The day you prepare videos.B.The day you get some advice.C.The day you visit your friends.D.The day you make a presentation.29.What is the good way to end your presentation?A.To repeat topics.B.To show thanks.C.To make suggestions.D.To share main ideas.30.Which question could best help us find

57、out the writers purpose?A.Did the writer try to teach us skills?B.Did the writer help us understand ideas?C.Did the writer invite us to attend a course?D.Did the writer ask us to be polite in public?（十）（2022湖南怀化 中考真题）On August 5,2021,Chinese sportswoman Quan Hongchan became the youngest Chinese dive

58、r（跳水运动员）to win a gold medal in the Tokyo Olympic Games.Quan was born on March 28,2007 and grew up in the small village of Maihe,Zhanjiang,Guangdong province.She is the third among the five children in her family.Quan started diving at the age of 7 in Zhanjiang and joinedthe Guangdong provincial team

59、 in 2018.Quan has spent almost all her time on hard training.She had never been toa zoo or an amusement park before 2021.When people asked her how to celebrate the success as an Olympic champion（冠军）,Quan said,“In manyways.My mom had a car accident four years ago.I wanted to make more money to help c

60、ure（治愈）her.Mygold medal is the best gift for her.Now,the most important thing is to prepare for our National Games which willbe held in September.”24.Quan Hongchan won the gold medal in the Tokyo Olympic Games when she was years old.A.7 B.12C.1425.Where was Quan Hongchan born?A.In a busy city.B.In a

61、 small village.C.In a big town.26.What happened to Quans mother four years ago?A.She had a car accident.B.She was ill.C.She got lost.27.Which of the following is TRUE about Quan Hongchan?A.She wanted to make money to cure her father.B.She started skating at the age of 7.C.She had never been to a zoo

62、 before 2021.（H-）（2022 湖南怀化中考真题）Its late autumn in the Arctic Ocean（大西洋）.The water is covered with ice.Ifs difficult for the whitewhales to breathe,so they come up to find openings in the ice to get enough air.As the winter is coming,they knowits time to leave.A group of about a hundred white whales

63、 swim south toward the Bering Sea.Halfway through their journey,their enemy,an orca（虎鲸）is swimming toward the white whales.With the help of large ice floes（浮冰），the whitewhales swim faster than the orca.This gives the white whales time to swim away.After a few more days of swimming,they arrive at the

64、 Bering Sea.The white whales will rest,hunt,and playhere until April,then they51 1 swim back to the Arctic Ocean.28.Why do the white whales come up to find openings in the ice?A.To get enough air.B.To get enough food C.To keep warm.29.What helps the white whales to swim away from the orca?A.Their te

65、eth.B.Large ice floes.C.Brave fights.30.The white whales wont leave the Bering Sea unt i l.A.February B.March C.April31.Whafs the best title of the passage?A.How Can White Whales Live in Summer?B.White Whales Are on the Move.C.White Whales Are in Great Danger.（十二）（2022湖南怀化 中考真题）When you walk on the

66、street,you may see a lot of Chinese restaurants.Chinese food has been enjoyed inwestern countries for a long time.To make westerners enjoy Chinese food better,Chinese restaurants have madesome changes to the dishes.“One example is the rneat,said Yin Hang,who is studying at the University of Wollongong in Australia.4tWelike to eat meat with the bone（骨头）in China,but people here dont.Chinese restaurants provide big pieces ofmeat without bones.”Some Chinese brands are also becoming more popular.In m