牛津译林版英语七年级下册Unit-7知识点精讲(下)(DOC 13页)

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1、7BUnit 7 知识点梳理（下）知识点梳理 一词汇&短语：WORDS&PHRASES1.-Can I borrow your bike，Millie？米莉，我可以借用你的自行车吗？ -Yes，you can.Here you are.是的，可以，给你。“Here you are.”是英语口语中常用的句子，意思是“给你”或“你要的东西在这里”，用于别人向你要东西或者借东西，你递给他时的应答语。当给对方的东西是单数时，“Here you are.”和“Here it is.”两者均可使用；当给对方的东西是复数时，用“Here you are.”或者“Here they are.”（Here it

2、 is.的复数形式）助记：“给你”的英语表达同类物，只用“Here you are”。同一物，是单数，两者皆可用。同一物，是复数，“Here it is.”要舍去。2.South Hill is a good place to have fun.南山是一个玩乐的好地方。have fun是一个常用短语，意为“玩乐，玩得开心，过得快乐”相当于enjoy oneself/have a good time。这个春天我们会玩得开心。 We will have fun this spring.【拓展】have fun doing sth.意为“做某事很开心”她在家里和朋友聚在一起真的很开心吗？ Does

3、she really have fun getting together with her friends in her home？3.I left mine at home.我的忘在家里了。left是动词leave的过去式。leave sth. at/in/on.意为“把某物忘在某个地方”，这时的leave和forget意思相同，但用法不一样。我把手机忘在公交车上了。 I left my mobile phone on the bus.辨析：leave与forgetleave指因粗心而没带某物或把某物落在某处，其后往往有一个地点状语He left his exercise book in t

4、he classroom.他把练习本忘在教室里了forget指大脑不能记起或回忆起过去的人、事物或事情，其反义词是rememberDont forget to take your umbrella with you.不要忘记带上你的雨伞。4.By the way,can you take your camera with you,Amy?顺便问一下，埃米，你能带上你的相机吗？by the way意为“顺便说说，顺便问一下”，通常用作插入语，表示说话人要转入一个新话题。顺便问一下，你为什么那么喜欢金秀贤？ By the way，why do you like Jin Xiuxian so muc

5、h？【拓展】用by the way来引入一个新话题，从表面看来，好像是顺便补充一点无关紧要的东西，但实际上它有时可能会引出一件对说话者来说至关重要的事情。顺便问一下，你能借给我10美元吗？ By the way，do you think you could lend me $10？5.He can hear things far away.他能听到很远的事情。辨析:far away,faraway,far (away)与away fromfar away用来表示距离，在句中做状语、定语或表语，意为“远，遥远”，有时away可省略The town my friend lives in is fa

6、r （away）.我朋友住的城镇很远。faraway形容词，意为“遥远的，久远的”，可指地点和时间，通常放在名词前做定语My friend lives in a faraway town.我朋友住在一个很远的城镇里。far（away）from意为“离.很远”，常表示距离，作表语或状语，away可省略。另外，它还有“远非，远远没有”的意思，后跟名词、代词或形容词The school is far （away）from my house.学校离我家很远。away from用于表示确切的距离（此时不用far），away可省略，但如果句子不带from短语，则不能省略He lives two miles

7、（away）from here.他住的地方离这儿有两英里远。He lives two miles away.他住在两英里远的地方。6.What else can he do？他还能做什么？else副词,意为“另外，其他”，通常放在疑问词who，what，which，when，where，how等的后面，或放在something，anything，nothing，anyone，everyone等不定代词之后。你还能看见别的什么人？ Who else can you see？你的包里还有别的什么东西吗？ Is there anything else in your bag？还有别的什么人知道这件事

8、吗？ Does anyone else know about it？你想去别的什么地方？ Where else do you want to go？我其他什么时间可以与你见面？ When else can I meet you？辨析：else与otherelse其他，另外，还通常在疑问代词who，whose，what；疑问副词when，where及不定代词something，anything，nothing，nobody，anybody等的后面Would you like something else to drink？你还想喝些什么吗？other其他的，别的通常用在名词的前面，作定语I do

9、nt like other books.我不喜欢其他的书。7.He can fly as fast as light.他能飞得和光一样快。as.as意为“和.一样”，表示同级比较。第一个as为副词，第二个as为连词。as.as中间要用形容词或副词的原级。这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。 This film is as interesting as that one.【拓展】as.as的否定式为not as/so+形容词/副词原级+as，意为“和.不一样；不如.”这本书不如你想象的那样有趣。 This book is not as/so interesting as you think.注意：若有成

10、分修饰as.as，如twice，three times，half，a quarter等，则须置于第一个as之前。Your bag is twice as expensive as mine.你的包比我的贵一倍。as.as possible意为“尽可能.”请尽快回答我的问题。 Please answer my question as soon as possible.8.Suzy loves it and works hard on the subject.苏西喜欢它，在这个科目上很用功。love及物动词，此处意为“喜欢”，与like同义。他喜欢看那部电视剧。 He loves watching

11、 that TV play.work hard意为“努力工作”，此处work为不及物动词，hard为副词。他在他的电影上努力工作。 He works hard on his movies.【拓展】hard work意为“艰苦的工作”，此处hard为形容词，work为不可数名词。虽然它是艰苦的工作，我们必须完成它。 Though it is hard work，we must finish it. 9.She does not do her best this term.这个学期她没有尽最大努力。do ones best意为“尽某人最大努力”。do ones best等于try ones bes

12、t；do ones best to do sth.意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”医生们尽力救治这个男孩，但还是失败了。 Doctors did their best to save the boy，but they failed.我喜欢英语，并将尽最大努力学好它。 I like English，and Ill do my best to learn it well.10.Good,but sometimes she is careless.很好，但是她有时粗心。careless形容词，意为“粗心的”，是由care+后缀-less构成的派生词。这位粗心的司机没有看见这条狗，撞到了它。 The ca

13、reless driver didnt see the dog and hit it.你把照相机忘在出租车里真是太粗心了。 It was careless of you to leave your camera in the taxi.【拓展】careless的反义词为careful，副词形式为carelessly。他很细心，因此他经常得满分。 He is very careful，so he often gets full marks.粗心驾驶是一个坏习惯。 Driving carelessly is a bad habit.11.I started to play the violin a

14、t the age of six.我六岁时开始拉小提琴。start to do sth.意为“开始做某事”。天开始下雨了。 Its starting to rainat the age of意为“在.岁时”，相当于when引导的时间状语从句，即when.years old.李云迪七岁时就开始弹钢琴。 Li Yundi started to play the piano at the age of seven=Li Yundi started to play the piano when he was seven years old.12.Books about different subjec

15、ts are put in different sections.关于不同科目的书被放在不同的区域。这是一个一般现在时的被动语态的句子，are put是被动语态形式，其中put是过去分词。一般现在时被动语态中谓语动词结构是：am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词。Knives are used for cutting things.刀是用来割东西的。13.Books are organized according to topics.根据主题编排图书。according to是一个固定短语，意为“根据”，主要用来表示“根据”某学说、某报刊、某文件、某人所说的话等或表示“按照”某法律、某规定、某

16、惯例、某情况等，其中to为介词，其后可以跟名词、代词、动名词及从句作介词的宾语。他们必须量布裁衣。 They must cut their coats according to their cloth.根据大家所说，他是为诚实的商人。 According to what everyone says，he is an honest businessman.据约翰说，下星期将有个会议。 According to John，there will be a meeting next week.14.Novels are arranged in alphabetical order according

17、to the authors surnames.小说根据作者的姓氏按字母表顺序排列。surname可数名词，意为“姓氏，姓”，相当于last name/family name.你姓什么？ Whats your surname？斯密斯是他的姓氏。 Smith is his surname.【拓展】英语中，表示姓氏的说法有family name，surname和last name，Mr,Mrs,Miss要放在姓氏之前英美人的姓名排列次序为名在前，姓在后。如Herbert George Wells（赫伯特乔治威尔斯），前两个词是名，最后一个词是姓英美习俗，通常在婴儿受洗礼时，由教父或父母、亲朋好友起

18、名字，视为教名，排列在姓名的最前面。此外，长辈或本人也可起第二个名字，排在教名之后。这就是英美人常常有两个甚至更多名字的原因。15.Dear Sir/Madam亲爱的先生/女士Sir 和Madam是一组表示尊称的对称词，Madam（有时小写）主要用于对妇女（已婚或未婚）的尊称，意为“夫人，女士”等，而Sir（有时小写）主要用于对男性的尊称，意为“先生”。Can I help you，Madam/Sir？夫人/先生，你要买什么？【拓展】Mrs和Madam都可用来称呼已婚女子，Madam一般单独使用，不与人的姓连用。Mr和Sir都用来称呼男子，意为“先生”，是对男士的尊称。Sir一般单独使用，不与

19、人的姓连用，而Mr必须和人的姓连用。王夫人，早上好！Good morning，Mrs Wang！先生，早上好！Good morning，Sir！16.He is a member of our Project Hope group and often takes part in activities like collecting cloths and books for children in need .他是我们希望工程小组的一名成员，并经常参加像为在贫困地区的孩子们收集衣服和书本这样的活动。take part in是一个固定短语，意为“参加”，通常用于参加群众性活动、劳动、游行等，侧重于

20、参加者持有积极的态度，起一定作用，有时与join in互换。你们将参加英语聚会吗？ Will you take part in the English party？我们应该积极参加学校的活动。 We should take an active part in school activities.辨析：take part in，join与join intake part in常用来指参加某项活动，并在活动中起一定的作用He took part in a writing competition last summer holiday.去年暑假，他参加了一次写作竞赛。join指参加某个组织并成为该组

21、织中的一个成员Why not join the Music Club？为什么不加入音乐俱乐部呢？join in通常指加入到某种活动中来，尤其指和其他人一起参加某项活动，有时可与take part in互换How interesting the activity is！All of the students want to join in it.这次活动多有趣啊！所有的学生都想参加。in need意为“在危难中，在贫困中”雷锋同志总是帮助那些需要帮助的人。 Lei Feng always helped those people in need.患难朋友才是真正的朋友。 A friend in n

22、eed is a friend indeed.17.last week，a five-year-old boy lost his way and was crying in the street.上周，一个五岁的男孩迷了路在街上哭。lose ones way意为“迷路”，相当于get lost在森林里迷路是很危险的。 It is dangerous to lose ones way in the forest.=It is dangerous to get lost in the forest.18.We look forward to hearing from you soon.我们盼望尽快

23、收到你们的来信。hear from意为“收到.的来信”，反义词组是write to（写信给.）李先生很高兴收到他儿子的来信。 Mr Li was glad to hear from his son.你经常收到你笔友的信吗？ Do you often hear from your pen friend？典例讲解1. （2019四川南充）-I think English is as as maths.-I agree with you. A.more interesting B.most interesting C.the most interesting D.interesting2. （201

24、9南京）-Do you know Mo Yan？ -Of course.He won the 2019 Nobel Prize for Literature the age of 57. A.in B.at C.on D.to3. （连云港）Unless you go along the river，you （迷路）in the forest.4. -Look at my new skirt！ -How beautiful！ ，where did you buy it？ A.On the way B.In the way C.By the way D.In this way5. His you

25、nger sister didnt know the time because she her watch at home. A.leave B.left C.forget D.forgot答案：1.D 2.B 3.will get lost/will lose your way 4.C 5.B 二语法：GRAMMAR一、情态动词can，could，may的用法【教材典句】1. -Can I borrow your bike，Millie？米莉，我可以借用一下你的自行车吗？ -Yes，you can.Here you are.是的，可以，给你。2. -Could I smoke here？我可

26、以在这儿吸烟吗？ -Sorry，Im afraid not.对不起，恐怕你不能。3. -May I use your mobile phone？我可以用一下你的手机吗？ -Of course you may.当然可以。上面三个句子分别含有情态动词can，could和may。【语法全解】情态动词是表示说话人的语气或情态，本身有词义但不能单独作谓语的词。常用的情态动词有：can，may，must，could，shall，will，need等。情态动词在句中后面必须跟动词原形，并与后面的动词原形一起构成谓语动词。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。（1） 情态动词can的用法：表示能力，意为“能，会”米莉会

27、弹钢琴。 Millie can play the piano.表示许可，意为“可以”你可以用我的钢笔。 You can use my pen.你能给我递一下那些书吗？ Can you pass me the books？表示推测，意为“可能，会”，主要用于否定句和疑问句中他会在那儿吗？ Can he be here？他不可能把工作做完了。 He cant have finished his work.（2） 情态动词could的用法：could是can的过去式，表示过去的能力，意为“能，会”你6岁的时候会说英语吗？ Could you speak English at the age of s

28、ix？他的妈妈现在做饭很好吃，但是3年前她还不会做饭。 His mother is a good cook now，but she couldnt cook meals three years ago.在某些场合，could可用来代替can，表示现在的情况。在现代英语中，could比can语气更委婉。若用could来提问问题，回答时，应该用can，而不是could。-Could you answer me a question？你能回答我一个问题吗？-Yes，I can./No，I cant.是的，我能。/不，我不能。（3） 情态动词may的用法：表示许可，意为“可以”我可以进来吗？ May

29、I come in？你喜欢什么就拿什么吧。 You may take everything you like.表示推测，通常用于肯定句和否定句中，意为“可能”他现在可能很忙。 He may be very busy now.他说她今天可能不上班。 He said that she might not be at work today.【拓展】can和may都可表示可能性，can通常用于否定句和疑问句中，而may通常用于肯定句和否定句中。虽然两者均可用于否定句，但其意思不同：cant意为“不可能”，may not意为“可能不”。那不可能是真的。 It cant be true.那可能不是真的。

30、It may not be true.另外，can和may均可表示请求允许，但can为一般用词，而may为正式用词。二、 感叹句【教材典句】1. What a beautiful flower（it is）！多么漂亮的花啊！2. How interesting your ideas are！你（们）的主意多有趣啊！上面两个句子分别是what和how引导的感叹句【语法全解】感叹句是表示喜怒哀乐等强烈情感的句子。感叹句句末通常用感叹号，读时一般用降调。感叹句的基本句型：【句型一】what（+a/an）+形容词+名词（+主+谓）！（他是个）多么聪明的男孩啊！ What a clever boy（he

31、 is）！（这是个）多么有趣的故事啊！ What an interesting story（it is）！多好的天气啊！ What fine weather！（它们是）多么漂亮的花啊！ What beautiful flowers（they are）！【句型二】How+形容词/副词（+主+谓）！你气色真好！ How well you look！你心肠真好！ How kind you are！你唱的真好听！ How beautifully you sing！多么聪明啊！ How clever！他跑得真快啊！ How fast he runs！助记：感叹句顺口溜感叹句，what，how？先把后面名

32、词找；若有名词用what，若无名词必用how；what，how提句首，其他紧跟莫要丢；主谓一起挪最后，常常可以被省略。感叹句中what和how的选用，关键看形容词后面是否有名词。如果有，用what（a,an）；如果没有，用how。典例讲解1.（2019安徽）-I forgot to bring my dictionary.Could I use yours？-Yes，you . A. can B.must C.could D.should2. （2019南京）- brave Zhang Hua is！ -Yes.He helped his neighbour。Mrs Sun，out of th

33、e fire. A. What a B.How C.How a D.What3. -Have you decided which senior high school to choose？ -Not yet.I go to Moon Light School. A.must B.may C.need D.should4. -I hear youve got a new iPhone5. I have a look？ -Yes,certainly. A.May B.Do C.Shall D.Should5. -Jim，can you repair the computer for me now？

34、 - .I have to take care of my little sister. A.Yes,I can B.Sorry,Im afraid I cant C.Well done D.Best wishes6. Woo! beautiful Yangzhou is！ A.How B.What C.What a D.How a7. Interesting book it is！ A.How B.What C.What an D.What a答案：1. A 2. B 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.C课堂测验A 根据句子意思和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式（6分）1.She has bee

35、n a very _(勇敢的)little girl. (08苏州)2.Be _ (小心) of the dog that doesnt bark.3.My brother got an_ (奖) at the sports meeting.4.Dont _(run quickly) . There is plenty of time left. (09南通)5.All children should be taught road _(safe) from an early age. (09徐州)6.Tai Zhou is developing quickly. A number of _(v

36、isit) around the world come here every year. (09泰州)B 用所给动词填空（8分）1.Mrs. Lu(catch) a fish in five minutes yesterday.2.Miss.Liu(teach) us English last term.3.Thank you for(chat) with me on the Internet.4.We all look forward to(visit) theScienceMuseum.5.He jumped into the river(save) the little boy.6.Hi

37、s sister practices(play) the piano every day.7.Dont make any noise. Simon_(study).8._ (not put) anything hot into the rubbish bin.C选择填空（15分）( ) 1. It took the firemen two hours to _ the fire. (09苏州)A. put outB. put upC. put onD. put away( ) 2. Timmy tells me that you have read _ on the Internet. (09

38、连云港)A. something amazingB. anything amazingC. amazed somethingD. amazed anything( ) 3. -May I smoke here, please?-I am afraid you _. This is a non-smoking area. (09扬州)A. canB. cantC. mayD. may not( ) 4. -Lily, _ your brother speak Japanese?-Yes, he has learnt it inTokyo for three years. (09泰州)A. sho

39、uldB. mustC. canD. may( ) 5. -Will you go to the museum with me this afternoon?-Sorry, _. My aunt is coming to see me. (08无锡）A.I dontB. I cantC. I needntD. I mustnt( ) 6. It is not safe to. A. read in bedB. help othersC. leave the stove onD. play a game( ) 7. He fell off her bike and hurt his leg. H

40、e will befor three months. A. in the hospitalB. in hospitalC. in a hospitalD. stay in bed( ) 8. Daniel is helpful, and he always thinksfirst. A. on othersB. of himselfC. of othersD. on the others( ) 9. Do you know? A. what happened to himB. what was happened to him C. what happened with himD. what h

41、appened to he( ) 10. youlast year? A. Can, swamB. Could, swamC. Can, swimD. Could, swim( ) 11. _ is important _ careful with fire.A. That, beB. It, beC. It, to beD. That, being( ) 12. I saw a snake _ in the grass. A. sleepingB. to sleepC. sleptD. to sleeping( ) 13. I was not feeling _ this morning a

42、nd my mother asked me to stay at home.A. goodB. wellC. badD. nice( ) 14. When you leave the room, turn off the lights and dont leave them _.A. offB. onC. openD. closed( ) 15. -Can you show me how to start the computer? -_.A. GreatB. Not at allC. No problemD. Never mindKeys:A 1. brave 2. careful 3. a

43、ward 4. run quickly 5. safety 6.visitors B 1. caught 2. taught 3. chatting 4. to bring 5. visiting 6. to save 7. playing 8. is studying 9. Dont put 10. not to swimC 1. A 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. D 11. C 12. A 13. B 14. B 15. C归纳总结 课后作业 一、词形变换1.lose _(过去式) 2.recommendation_(动词)3.se

44、nd _(过去式) 4.plan _(过去式)e _(过去式) 6.quick _(副词)7.care _(副词) 8.library _(复数) 9.hurt_(过去式) 10.hurt(过去式)_ 11.careful_(反义词) 12. nod(过去式)_13.rush_(三单形式) 14.outside(反义词)_二、用所给词的适当形式填空1. Different people have different _ (ability).2. Did they visit an old _(people) home ?3.Tom was _ (care) and he _ (hurt) hi

45、mself yesterday. 4. Are there any _(superman) in the world?5. How _you are! You never make mistakes in exams, but Im_sometimes. (care)7. Are you able _( remember ) me?5. I heard someone _(sing) over here.when I passed by the office.6. Be _. You should do everything _ (careful) .7. Its _(danger)for t

46、he child to play with fire.Tell him_(stop)8. Suddenly I heard someone _ (cry) for help.9. Its very important for us _ (learn)_(protect )_(we).10.My mother was glad that I _ (bring) her a present from China last week.11.Its not polite _ (be) late for a meeting.12. I am afraid of _ (stay) at home alon

47、e.13.She does well in_and wants to be a _.(swim)14.Everybody should practice _( speak) English to learn it well.15.Do you know how _( get) there.16.My mother started _( cook) when we got together.17.We Chinese need _( try) our best _(make) our country stronger.18.Amy, thank you for _ (recommendation) me for this years Young Star award.19.The little girl died, with some _ (match) in her hands.20When I walked past his room, I heard him _ (sing).21.You are so _ (careful)! Look, you made a lot of mistakes in your homework.22. Are you getting _ an