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1、有效管理城市空气质量：培训、有效管理城市空气质量：培训、设备、人力资源的需求设备、人力资源的需求Overview of Capacity Building Requirements for Effective AQM in Cities:Training,Equipment,Human Resource傅立新傅立新傅立新傅立新 Fu,Lixin Fu,Lixin清华大学环境科学与工程系清华大学环境科学与工程系清华大学环境科学与工程系清华大学环境科学与工程系,Tsinghua,Tsinghua UniversityUniversity提纲提纲 Outlinen n能力建设的现状 Current

2、Statusn n目前的重点 Focusn n存在的问题 Problemsn n需求 Needsn n如何做-设想?How to?能力建设的现状能力建设的现状 Current Statusn n城市大致可分城市大致可分城市大致可分城市大致可分3 3类类类类 Cities grouped in 3 Cities grouped in 3 categirycategiry 发达城市（约发达城市（约发达城市（约发达城市（约1010个）个）个）个）Developed(about 10)Developed(about 10)一般城市（大多数）一般城市（大多数）一般城市（大多数）一般城市（大多数）Conv

3、entional Conventional 欠发达城市（约欠发达城市（约欠发达城市（约欠发达城市（约2020个）个）个）个）behind(about 20)behind(about 20)n n发达城市在设备方面较先进发达城市在设备方面较先进发达城市在设备方面较先进发达城市在设备方面较先进Developed cities are relatively advanced in Developed cities are relatively advanced in terms of equipmentterms of equipment能力建设的现状能力建设的现状 Current Statusn

4、n培训活动较多、人力资源较好培训活动较多、人力资源较好培训活动较多、人力资源较好培训活动较多、人力资源较好There are many training activities,human There are many training activities,human resource are abundantresource are abundantn n国际合作（世行、亚行等）与自主项目国际合作（世行、亚行等）与自主项目国际合作（世行、亚行等）与自主项目国际合作（世行、亚行等）与自主项目A lot of international projects(such as WB,A lot of

5、international projects(such as WB,ADB),together with self-funded projectsADB),together with self-funded projects能力建设的现状能力建设的现状 Current Statusn n一般城市有基本的设备、效益发挥不充分一般城市有基本的设备、效益发挥不充分一般城市有基本的设备、效益发挥不充分一般城市有基本的设备、效益发挥不充分Conventional cities do have basic Conventional cities do have basic equipment,but th

6、eir benefit are not fully equipment,but their benefit are not fully realizedrealizedn n培训活动有，但不够满足需求培训活动有，但不够满足需求培训活动有，但不够满足需求培训活动有，但不够满足需求There are training activities,but not good There are training activities,but not good enough to meet the needsenough to meet the needs能力建设的现状能力建设的现状 Current Stat

7、usn n人力资源仍不能满足人力资源仍不能满足人力资源仍不能满足人力资源仍不能满足Human resources are not sufficientHuman resources are not sufficientn n国际合作有一些国际合作有一些国际合作有一些国际合作有一些Participated in some international Participated in some international cooperation activities cooperation activities n n自主项目很少自主项目很少自主项目很少自主项目很少Few self-funded r

8、esearch projects on AQMFew self-funded research projects on AQM能力建设的现状能力建设的现状 Current Statusn n欠发达城市的设备和基础设施不够欠发达城市的设备和基础设施不够欠发达城市的设备和基础设施不够欠发达城市的设备和基础设施不够Equipment and infrastructure in behind Equipment and infrastructure in behind cities are far from sufficientcities are far from sufficientn n培训活动

9、很少培训活动很少培训活动很少培训活动很少Few training activities related to AQMFew training activities related to AQMn n人力资源缺乏人力资源缺乏人力资源缺乏人力资源缺乏Human resources are dearly lackedHuman resources are dearly lacked能力建设的现状能力建设的现状 Current Statusn n国际合作较少国际合作较少国际合作较少国际合作较少Few international cooperation activitiesFew internation

10、al cooperation activitiesn n自主项目基本没有自主项目基本没有自主项目基本没有自主项目基本没有Almost no self-funded projectsAlmost no self-funded projects2.目前的重点目前的重点 Focusn n空气质量监测站的监测设备Air quality monitoring instruments n n大多数城市有几个自动监测站Most cities have several automated ambient air quality monitoring stationn n少数项目涉及到污染源监控设备Less p

11、rojects cover monitoring equipment for emission sources2.目前的重点目前的重点 Focusn n培训活动主要从属于硬件项目Most training activities are attached/associated with investment projectsn n部分技援项目培训了技术人员Some technical assistance projects cultivated a local technical team3.存在的问题存在的问题 Problemsn n发达城市主要是管理机制问题发达城市主要是管理机制问题Majo

12、r problem in developed cities are of Major problem in developed cities are of management mechanismmanagement mechanismn n如何提高环保部门的权威？如何提高环保部门的权威？How to raise the power of Environmental How to raise the power of Environmental Agency over parallel departments?Agency over parallel departments?n n改进环保部门

13、的决策能力改进环保部门的决策能力Improve the decision-making capacity of Improve the decision-making capacity of EPBEPB3.存在的问题存在的问题 Problemsn n资源配置优化问题：Resources allocation optimization:信息共享与公共服务信息共享与公共服务Information sharing and public serviceInformation sharing and public service培训应该培训的人培训应该培训的人Train those should be

14、 trainedTrain those should be trained设备与人力资源配置优化设备与人力资源配置优化Equipment and human resources Equipment and human resources integrationintegration3.存在的问题存在的问题 Problemsn n政府管理人员换岗频繁Government officials keep changing frequentlyn n一般城市缺乏污染源监控设备Conventional cities lack of monitoring equipment for emission so

15、urcesn n交通微环境空气质量基本无监测No monitoring of curbside air quality3.存在的问题存在的问题 Problemsn n研究型的设备缺乏Lack of equipment for research purposen n针对性强的培训活动不够Less training with the right focusn n缺乏支持决策的项目Lack of project to support decision-making on AQM3.存在的问题存在的问题 Problemsn n欠发达城市主要问题在经济基础For behind cities major

16、problem is economyn n环境意识弱也是一个问题Environmental awareness is rather weakn n可持续发展认识不够Few recognition of the significance of sustainable development4.需求需求 Needsn n设备方面：For equipment:移动式研究型空气质量监测设备移动式研究型空气质量监测设备Mobile air quality monitoring equipmentMobile air quality monitoring equipment移动式污染源监控设备移动式污染源

17、监控设备Mobile equipment for emission source Mobile equipment for emission source monitoringmonitoringn n培训方面：For training:对媒体对媒体/NGO/NGO的培训的培训 Media/NGO training Media/NGO training4.需求需求 Needs重要决策人员重要决策人员/决策机制的培训决策机制的培训Decision-makers/process trainingDecision-makers/process training公众参与及公共信息培训公众参与及公共信息

18、培训Public participation and out-reachingPublic participation and out-reaching技术人员针对性培训技术人员针对性培训Technical training for specific topicTechnical training for specific topicn n人力资源方面：For human resources强化和整合国家层面的专家队伍强化和整合国家层面的专家队伍Enhance and integrate national experts Enhance and integrate national exper

19、ts teamteam4.需求需求 Needs在一般城市更多引入国际专家在一般城市更多引入国际专家Introduce more international experts for Introduce more international experts for conventional citiesconventional cities建立机制关联地方政府与国家建立机制关联地方政府与国家/国际专家库国际专家库Build up links between localities and Build up links between localities and national/internati

20、onal experts teamnational/international experts team4.需求需求 Needs建立地方专家队伍建立地方专家队伍Cultivate local experts teamCultivate local experts team输出专家与信息到欠发达城市输出专家与信息到欠发达城市Inputting expertise/information to the Inputting expertise/information to the behind citiesbehind cities5.如何做？如何做？How to?n n建立城市空气质量合作网Est

21、ablish an AQM cooperation network among Chinese cities会员制会员制/保证信息的正确性保证信息的正确性Membership/Correctness must Membership/Correctness must guaranteed guaranteed 由城市管理人员主导由城市管理人员主导Driving by the city AQM peopleDriving by the city AQM people5.如何做？如何做？How to?n n发达城市 For developed cities与媒体合作与媒体合作 Involve the

22、 media Involve the media开展公共信息与公众参与的培训开展公共信息与公众参与的培训Information dissemination and public Information dissemination and public trainingtraining建立信息分享渠道建立信息分享渠道 Information sharing Information sharing支持长期的公共信息服务支持长期的公共信息服务Long-term public information serviceLong-term public information service5.如何做？如何

23、做？How to?n n一般城市：Conventional cities:开展主题技术培训：城市空气质量管理开展主题技术培训：城市空气质量管理Topic of training:Urban Air Quality Topic of training:Urban Air Quality ManagementManagement进行示范项目：空气质量控制规划进行示范项目：空气质量控制规划Pilot project:Air quality control planningPilot project:Air quality control planning进行示范项目：固定源进行示范项目：固定源/移动

24、源控制方案移动源控制方案Pilot project:Stationary/mobile source Pilot project:Stationary/mobile source control schemecontrol scheme5.如何做？如何做？How to?进行示范项目：城市进行示范项目：城市PMPM控制策略控制策略Pilot project:Urban PM control strategyPilot project:Urban PM control strategyn n欠发达城市 The behind cities媒体、政府与公众的环境意识培训媒体、政府与公众的环境意识培训Training of environmental awareness for Training of environmental awareness for the media,government and public the media,government and public