外文翻译--8051控制器简介

《外文翻译--8051控制器简介》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《外文翻译--8051控制器简介（16页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、英文资料翻译（一）英语文献Ramtron introduces the Versa Mix 8051 family of highly integrated mixed-signal microcontrollers for the embedded data acquisition market。Ramtron also introduces Versa 8051 family of low-cost, drop-in replacement 8051 microcontrollers.Colorado Springs, USA 14th December 2005. Ramtron Int

2、ernational Corporation (Nasdaq: RMTR), the leading supplier of non-volatile ferroelectric semiconductor products, has launched the Versa Mix 8051 family (VMX51C1xxx) of mixed-signal microcontrollers - single-chip solutions for a diverse range of signal conditioning, data acquisition, processing and

3、control applications in the industrial, medical, consumer, instrumentation and Autom-otive markets. Ramtron is also introducing its Versa 8051 Family (VRS51x1xxx/5xx) of low-cost, industry standard, 8051-based drop-in MCUs with up to128KB ISP/IAP Flash, designed to simplify device migration.About th

4、e Versa Mix 8051 family：The Versa Mix (VMX51C1020/1016) is a highly integrated, high-performance family of mixed-signal 8051 microcontrollers with DSP capabilities, featuring a comprehensive set of on-chip peripherals for a complete data acquisition SoC. The VMX51C1xxx features a single-cycle 8051 p

5、rocessor that provides an average of eight times more processing power than standard 8051s for increased MIPS and efficiency. The device integrates an enhanced MULT/ACCU unit with 32-bit barrel shifter, 56KB of Flash and 1280 bytes of RAM. Peripherals include up to 28 general purpose I/Os, 3 timers/

6、counters, an SPI, 2 UARTs, an IC and an RS-485/RS-422/J1708 compatible transceiver, which enables data transmission over long distances via a twisted pair cable. The VMX51C1xxx operates at 5 volts and is available in QFP-64 (VMX51C1020) and QFP-44 (VMX51C1016) packages.Aimed at control applications

7、that require signal conditioning, the VMX51C1020 also incorporates an array of analog peripherals such as a programmable current source, two digital potentiometers, an analog switch and an uncommitted operational amplifier.The features of the Versa Mix 8051 include:A/D Converter This 5/7-channel, 12

8、-bit A/D converter can operate at up to 10KHz in various modes: automatic, single channel, or sequential conversion.The features of the Versa Mix 8051 include:A/D Converter This 5/7-channel, 12-bit A/D converter can operate at up to 10KHz in various modes: automatic, single channel, or sequential co

9、nversion.Complex DSP operations - The enhanced hardware arithmetic unit performs 16-bit x 16-bit multiplication and 32-bit addition in one cycle. This enables major performance gain over typical 8051 devices when executing mathematical and DSP operations - an ideal feature for applications that requ

10、ire digital filtering or other recursive calculations.Serial Port Interface This fully-configurable master/slave interface can automatically address up to four slave devices and can be configured to handle 1 to +32-bit data transactions. UART with Baud Rate Generator UARTs operate at over 460kbps an

11、d each incorporate a 10-bit baud rate generator freeing up the timers/counters for other uses. UARTs can be connected to the integrated differential transceiver. Timers/CCU units The VMX51C1xxx includes three 16-bit timers and 4 compare and capture units (CCUs). The CCUs can be configured as PWM out

12、puts with 8-bit or 16-bit resolution. The PWMs, when filtered, can be used as D/A converters. Three of the CCUs provide a capture input that can be used to trigger the Timer 2 Capture. Additionally, the device includes input pins and an interrupt on the Port1 Change. Power-saving features - Power sa

13、ving features include a clock control unit, individual power controls for each peripheral and processor IDLE and STOP modesAbout the Versa 8051 family：Ramtron has also introduced the Versa 8051 family (VRS51x1xxx/5xxx) of low-cost, drop-in replacement 8051s that are ideal for a diversity of applicat

14、ions that require small to large amounts of program/data memory with nonvolatile data storage and/or code/field based firmware upgrade capability, coupled with streamlined/comprehensive peripheral support. Versa 8051s include up to 128KB Flash memory and 1KB RAM. Devices operate at either 3.3 or 5 v

15、olts and are available in 44-pin PLCC/QFP and also 40-pin DIP packages.Development & programming tools：Evaluation and prototype development of Versa Mix 8051 and Versa 8051 MCUs is facilitated through Ramtrons UVK (UniVersaKit) development kit, which ships complete with the Versa Ware programming in

16、terface software, C compiler and assembler.About Ramtron：Ramtron International Corporation, headquartered in Colorado Springs, Colorado, is a fabless semiconductor company that designs, develops and markets specialised semiconductor memory, microcontroller and integrated semiconductor solutions used

17、 in a wide range of product applications and markets worldwide. Additionally, Ramtron works with various leading-edge licensees and manufacturers to bring its technology to market. AN INTRODUCTION OF 8051An 8051 microcontroller, generally speaking, is any microcontroller that has an instruction set

18、compatible with the MCS-51 standard. Intel made the original 8051 microcontroller back in 1980. Since then, dozens of semiconductor firms have chosen the MCS-51 standard for their lines of microcontrollers. When we speak of 8051 we are not just speaking of the Intel 8051, but also any other microcon

19、troller that is compatible with the 8051 (its faster then writing 8052-compatible every time we make reference to it). A derivative microcontroller (or derivative chip) is a term used to refer to any of the hundreds of 8051-compatible microcontrollers produced by dozens of semiconductor firms such a

20、s Dallas Semiconductor, Philips, Atmel, etc. These lines of microcontrollers all use the 8051 core licensed from Intel. The core refers to the instruction set and Special Function Register structure/map. If you have a development toolset that is 8052-compatible, you should be able to use that same t

21、oolset with any derivative chip. Most 8051 developers use a PC with some version of Windows (although some use Unix). You will run your development tools on the PC to edit and compile your 8051 software. Once 8051 software has been compiled, will need to transmit your compiled program to the microco

22、ntroller. How you do this and what hardware you need depends on the derivative chip youre using and your actual circuit design. Traditionally, programs have been burned into an EPROM using an EPROM programmer. The EPROM is subsequently inserted into your circuit and the program is accessed by the mi

23、crocontroller. EPROMs may be erased and re-used by clearing them with an EPROM Eraser (the EPROM is erased by exposing the EPROM to ultra-violet light for 5-10 minutes). An EPROM emulator is often used during the testing or development stages to allow the developer to quickly test code without havin

24、g to constantly burn and erase EPROMs. However, many newer derivative chips include internal EEPROM or Flash memory. These derivatives often include a process of downloading your compiled 8051 program directly into the microcontroller via a serial port. In these cases, the EPROM programmer is unnece

25、ssary.In addition to the hardware , youll need an ASCII editor that allows you to create 8052 source code. You may use programs as simple as EDIT in DOS or NOTEPAD in Windows to advanced software development editors. Whats important is that the program save your code as PURE ASCII-this means no word

26、 processors such as Word or Works. Once youve created your source code, you need a program to compile or assemble this into an Intel HEX file. This software is called an assembler (if it handles assembly language) or a compiler if it handles anything else (C, Basic, Pascal, etc.). These assemblers a

27、nd compilers will generally create anoutput file known as a HEX file. This is essentially the 8051 equivalent of an EXE file. This file is then either downloaded directly to the microcontroller (if your derivative has In-System Programming/Serial Port loading support) or is passed to yet another pro

28、gram which transfers the file to an EPROM using an EPROM programmer.All of these products were designed for PC development-that is to say, your final program is executed on your PC. In the case of 8051 development, your final program will be executed by an 8051 microcontroller. The 8051 is not compa

29、tible with any common PC development tools. Please refer to the Links page for a list of links to companies that offer 8051-compatible tools including assemblers, C, BASIC, and Pascal compilersProbably not too hard. C compilers exist for the 8051, so if you are familiar with C you shouldnt have too

30、much trouble adapting to an 8051 C compiler. The differences are mostly in handling the special features of the 8051 and thats just a matter of reading to learn the idiosyncracies of the 8051。If all you know is Visual Basic, the 8051 may be a challenge for you. Most of what applies to VB-programming

31、 does not apply to 8051 programming. You cant use VB to program the 8051. You cant use VBX or ActiveX controls with the 8051. In fact, there are no textbox, label, listbox or any other kind of control. While you can purchase a BASIC compiler that is compatible with the 8051, you will find it quite p

32、rimitive compared to VisualBasic. In fact, its even less powerful than Microsofts 80s-era QuickBasic.No C+ compiler exists for the 8051. You must use plain old C. C+ uses dynamic memory handling to create and destroy objects. This is generally handled by DOS or the Operating System. No such OS exist

33、s on the 8051. C+ is also usually more memory-hungry, and 8051s normally have less than 64k of program memory available. There is now a C+ precompiler available from Ceibo. This pre-compiler takes C+ code and precompiles it into Keil C where it is actually compiled. The general visitors is that C+ i

34、s not an appropriate language for the 8051 architecture。These three terms refer to three different ways of getting your program concept to run a given processor, each with varying levels of ease in programming and efficiency in execution. An interpreted program is one in which the program must be an

35、alyzed each time the program is run to determine what actions the processor should execute. Since the program is essentially compiled on the fly, program execution is generally slow in comparsion to other options. Code size is often larger, too, since not only is your program held in code memory but

36、 also the kernel which actually interprets and executes your program. Interpreted languages are usually only useful for learning purposes and are seldom used in commercial projects. An example of an interpreted option with the 8051 is 8051-BASIC. An assembler allows you to write your program in asse

37、mbly language which is one step away from pure machine language. The assembler actually translates your assembly program into machine language. A well-written assembly language program will provide the most speed and smallest code size, but writing a program in assembly language is generally conside

38、red to be more advanced and more difficult than writing a similar program in an interpreted or compiled language. Most 8051 programmers work in assembly language (about 52% according to a recent survey). Using assembly language also gives you complete control over what the processor is doing. A comp

39、iler is used when the programmer wishes to write his code in a high-level language, such as C, Pascal, or sometimes Basic. In the 8051 community, C is the most popular compiled language. A compiler translates the source code written in the high-level language to machine language; thus the resulting

40、output is the same as the output of an assembler-pure executable machine code. Most modern compilers are relatively efficient and produce relatively tight code. However, an equivalent C program will almost require more code size than the same program in assembly language-unless the assembly language

41、 program was very poorly written. The advantage to using a high-level language is that more programmers are familiar with C, Pascal, and Basic than are familiar with 8051 assembly language. High-level language programs are also, arguably, easier to read and understand than the same program in assemb

42、ly language and, thus, are often easier to maintain-especially if the program will have to be maintained by someone other than the original programmer(s).Further, modern C compilers often generate highly optimized code that is often more efficient than a typical programmers assembly code, especially

43、 if the programmer has little experience in 8051 assembly language. C compilers for the 8051 are often more expensive than assemblers.Timers are useful, but they are fast. With a standard 8052 running at 12MHZ, the 16-bit timer-which takes the most time of any timer to overflow-will still overflow a

44、bout 15.26 times per second; thats about .06 seconds per overflow. To use a timer to count relatively long periods of times-anything over .06 seconds-will require a little extra code. This is the pefect situation for an interrupt. The idea is to cause the timer to overflow at a known rate and then c

45、ount how many times it overflows. For example, .06 is not a fun number to work with since it is not evenly divisible by a full second. Rather, itd be useful to configure the program such that the timer overflows every .05 seconds. Then, if it has overflowed 20 times you know one second has passed. T

46、his can be done in various ways。Technically, T0_INTERRUPT resets TL0 and TH0 in a not-so-safe way. It is generally recommended that when you change the value of TH0 and/or TL0 that you first stop the timer by clearing TR0. After youve set the two SFRs, you then restart the timer by setting TR0. In t

47、his case, it is not absolutely necessary because the value were setting, is such that there will be no nasty side effects. However, if you were resetting the timer to it would be absolutely necessary to stop the timer. Otherwise, youd first write TL0 to FFh, it would immedaitely overflow back to 00h

48、 and youd write TH0 。 It is depending on the oscillator you are using and the baud rate that you desire, that the formula will give you a fractional answer. For example, if you were using a 12.000MHZ crystal 。Obviously, you cant use a fractional value-youd either have to use 3 or 4. Using 3 would pr

49、oduce a baud rate of 10416, and 4 would produce a baud rate of 7812-neither of which is anything close to 9600. In this case, you could try taking advantage of the SMOD bit. That is, set SMOD and look for a baud rate of about 4800 (which would be doubled to 9600 by setting SMOD). Plugging in 4800 in

50、to the above formula we get a TH1 value of 6.5, so wed either have to use 6 or 7. If we use 6, we get a baud rate of 5208 (which, when doubled, is still 10416), but if we use a value of 7 we get a baud rate of 4464 which, when doubled, is 8298-which is a little closer to 9600 then either 10416 or 78

51、12. Unfortunately, its probably not close enough. A baud rate error of +/-3% is usually considered acceptable. However, our 8928 baud rate is 7% slower than 9600-not close enough. Thus, when you get a fractional answer for TH1, try to see if you can get close enough by using SMOD to double the baud

52、rate. If you cant, its entirely possible that you cant obtain the baud rate you want with the oscillator crystal you have. Consider using another crystal, and choose your crystal taking into account the baud rate you want to achieve.Interrupts, as the name implies, are processes that interrupt norma

53、l program execution. Normally, a program will start executing at address 0000h and execute consecutively, unless program flow is altered by some branching or jump instruction. Interrupts are used to interrupt normal program flow to handle some special task, then return to continue executing the prog

54、ram as if nothing had happened. For example, you may have an interrupt programmed to interrupt every milisecond. Most of the time your program will execute normally. Once every milisecond, however, an interrupt will occur that will cause your main program to be temporarily suspended. Execution will

55、jump automatically to an interrupt service routine which you write to handle the interrupt condition. Once youve done everything you need to during the interrupt, you return from the interrupt A standard 8052 lets you assign a level to each interrupt. By default, all interrupts are low level. When y

56、our program is executing, it may be interrupted by any interrupt-both low or high level. If a low-level interrupt is executing, it may ONLY be interrupted by a high level interrupt; it may NOT be interrupted by another low-level interrupt. If a high-level interrupt is executing, NOTHING may interrup

57、t it until it finishes-not even another high-level interrupt. If multiple interrupts of the same level are triggered simultaneously, they will be executed one by one as the previous interrupt finishes. with a RETI instruction. Your program then continues as if nothing had ever happened and unaware t

58、hat it has been interrupted.You may read a value by reading the corresponding SFR or bit. For example, if you wish to read the value on P1.3, you may either use the assembly instruction MOV A,P1 (which reads the value of all bits on P1) or you may read just the bit itself with the MOV C,P1.3. Either

59、 way, make sure youve previously written a 1 to the bit(s) you wish to read. That is, if you want to be able to read all lines of P1, you must first be sure that P1 has been initialized to FFh (MOV P1,#0FFh). This is the default condition, so unless youve changed the value of the port lines you shou

60、ld be able to read all bits on start-up.（二）中文译文Ramtron推出8051家族高度综合数据采集相混合信号嵌入结构控制芯片获得市场。Ramtron同时也是推出的8051家族低成本、自动复位的8051控制芯片。源于美国科罗拉多州-2005年12月14日。Ramtron国际公司(纳斯达克：RMTR)，世界主要供应非常稳定的电气半导体产品的厂商，推出了混相搭配的8051家族(VMX51C1XXX)混合信号控制芯片，单芯片解决各种信号调节、数据采集、处理和控制，应用在工业、医疗、消费、仪器和汽车市场。 Ramtron还介绍了8051的家族产品(VRS51X1

61、XXX/5XX)低成本、符合工业标准、8051型的投放市场使MCUs达到128KB ISP/IAP FLASH，旨在简化设备的移植。 关于混相8051家族产品的结构： 混相产品(vmx51c1020/1016)是一个高度综合的、高性能的家族混合数字信号处理控制芯片，8051控制器有数字信号处理能力和全面发展能力，包括一整套在外围获得完整的脉冲数据。VMX51C1xxx的特点是单一周期，平均处理能力超过标准8051处理器提高了8倍多， 8051s增加MIPS和效率。该装置将强化MULT/ACCU因为32位的处理转换能力，56KB的闪存和1280字节的暂存器。 产品外围包括多达28位的输入/输出口

62、，3个定时/计数器、单程序启动、2个UARTs，IC和RS-485/RS-422/J1708兼容信号。使数据传输距离通过电缆传输可以更长。VMX51C1XXX在5伏特下运转工作，可以在QFP-64(VMX51C1020)和QFP-44(VMX51C1016)中使用包。旨在控制应用需要调节信号，VMX51C1020还包含了一系列模拟设备，如电流编程源；两个有效的数字仪表；一个模拟开关和一个未运行的放大器。 Versa Mix 8051的特征包括：A/D变换器-是5/7通道的12位A/D转换器能在高达10khz的不同模式运行：自动，单一渠道，或连续转换。 复杂的数字信号处理运转，加强硬件运算位执行

63、16位X16位的倍增和一个周期32位的增加。这能表现出主要的性能比典型的8051装置当运行数学和执行数字信号处理时-一种理想的应用特点是需要数字滤波或其他数学草稿计算。连续端口界面，这完全可配置的主/次界面可以分自动处理装置和多达四个驱动，可配置1到32位的处理数据能力。波特率与UART发生器，-UARTs超过460kbps时运行，每一个混合的10位的波特比率发生器产生定时/计数器作其他用途。 UARTs可以连接不同的综合收发器。 定时器/计数单元-VMX51C1xxx包括三个16位定时器和4个比较器和捕取单元(CCUs). CCUs可视为PWM8位或16位输出决议。 PWMs当滤波时，可以用

64、作D/A转换。 三个CCUs提供捕取输入信号，用于触发计时器2。 另外,该装置包括一个中断的输入和输入阻止在端口1上，节能特点是节省。节能特征包括时钟控制单元、每一个电力的控制处理器对外围的控制包括闲置和停止模式。 关于Versa 8051家族： Ramtron还引进了低成本Versa8051家族(VRS51X1XXX/5XXX)、更换了8051s,适合不同的应用，需要小至大量程序/数据存储与可变数据存储和/或代码/或固件升级能力的领域，再加上流线/综合型外围设备支持。 8051s至多是集成了128kb闪存和1kbRAM。无论设备启动在5伏特或3.3伏特，可包含44-PIN的PLCC/QFP和

65、40DIP的包。 发展现状及编程开发工具： Versa Mix 8051 和 Versa 8051原型评价和发展也是通过MCUs Ramtron的UVK(UNIVERSAKIT)开发包，提供完整的载运Versa软件程序介面，并C汇编和装配。关于Ramtron国际公司： Ramtron国际公司，总部设在科罗拉多州科罗拉多是编译半导体公司。负责设计和开发专业市场的半导体存储器，控制器和半导体解决方案。综合使用世界市场的各种应用和产品。此外,Ramtron获得各领先厂商的商标和技术市场。 8051的介绍8051控制器从总体上说,是任何控制器,拥有一套符合教学监控的MCS-51标准. 英特尔微在 1980年生产出最早的8051。 自那时起,MCS-51就是数十家半导体厂商的监控器选择的标准。对51的控制芯片，当我们谈到8051我们不光对英特尔8051,而且其他控制器,符合8052(它的快写及8051兼容). 衍生的微控制器(或衍生芯片)一词指任何数百种8051兼容控制芯片。制作了几十个半导体厂商如达拉斯半导体、飞利浦、Atmel等这些路线全部控制芯片