人教版英语必修课本答案

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1、3f吟/英 语教 材 练 习 答 案 及 听 力 原 文Unit 1WARMING UPAnswers:1 Archimedes,Ancient Greek(287-212 BC)He was a mathematician.He found that ifyou put an object into water the waterpushes the object up.It rises and partlyfloats.The force of the water pushing itup is the same as the weight of the object.2 Charles

2、Darwin,British(1808-1882)TheOrigin of Species was published in 1859.It explained how plants and animals hadchanged over time to fit in with achanging environment.At the time it waspublished it was very controversial.Manypeople believed the Bible when it saidthat God made the first two people(Adamand

3、 Eve)and that all other people camefrom these two.Darwins book showedthat people had developed from apesinstead.So this caused a lot of argumentbetween religious and scientific people.However Darwins idea became veryinfluential and is still accepted today.3 Thomas Newcomen,British(1663-1729)He impro

4、ved the first steam pump builtby Thomas Savery in 1698 and turned itinto a steam engine for taking water out ofmines in 1712.James Watt improved itstill further in the 1770s turning it into thefirst modem steam engine used on therailways.4 Gregor Mendel,Czech(1822-1884)Hegrew pea plants and develope

5、d ideas onheredity and inherited characteristics.Heconcentrated on cross-fertilising peaplants and analyzing the results.Between1856-1863 he grew 28,000 pea plants.Heexamined seven kinds of seed and plantcharacteristics and developed some lawsof inheritance.The first is that inheritancefactors do no

6、t combine but are passed tothe next generation intact.Second,hefound that each partner gives half theinherited factors to the young.Third,some of these factors show up in theoffspring(and so are dominant).The otherfactors are masked by the dominant ones(and so are recessive).5 Marie Curie,Polish and

7、 French(1867-1934)She was born in Poland andcame to study in France in 1891 and shelived there for the rest of her life.In 1898she discovered radium.She received twoNobel prizes,one(with Pierre Curie)forphysics(1903)and one for chemistry(1911).She is the only person to havebeen so honoured.On the de

8、ath of herhusband she took over his job at theSorbonne in Paris.Her work onradioactivity and the discovery of radiummeant that she began a new scientific areaof research.She was the first woman toreceive a Nobel Prize and the first womanto teach at the Sorbonne.6 Thomas Edison,American(1847-1931)He

9、was already an inventor of otherelectrical devices(phonograph,electriclight bulb)when in 1882 he designed asystem for providing New York withelectricity from a central power station.This was a tremendous achievement,which had previously been thoughtimpossible.7 Leonardo da Vinci,Italian(1452-1519)He

10、 was a famous artist whose skill forshowing human skin tones made hispaintings seem to come alive.He used tostudy dead people in order to make hispaintings as accurate as possibile.Someof his famous paintings include TheAdoration of the Magi and the“The LastSupper”.Later in his life he lived inFranc

11、e where he designed a submarineand a flying machine.8 Sir Humphry Davy,British(1778-1829)He did research into different gases anddiscovered the medicinal value of nitrousoxide(or laughing gas)as an anaesthetic.In 1815 he developed a safety lamp forminers.Previously there had been manyaccidents when

12、candles on the minershelmets had exploded when it came intocontact with underground gas from thecoal the miners were digging.The safetyhelmet made working underground verymuch safer.9 Zhang Heng,Chinese(78-139)Heinvented the first seismograph to indicatein the direction of an earthquake.It was inthe

13、 shape of a cylinder with eight dragonheads round the top,each with a ball in itsmouth.Around the bottom were eightfrogs directly under a dragons head.When an earthquake occurred,a ball fellout of the dragons mouth,making anoise.10 Stephen Hawking,British(1942-)Hehas worked in astronomy and studiedb

14、lack holes in space.He has shown thatblack holes do not only absorb everythingaround them but,from time to time,throwA 教M练习笞案及听力原文out matter as well.This may mark thebeginning of new galaxies.This is anadvance on the old theory which said thatblack holes eal everything they comeacross.COMPREHENDINGb

15、 Answer key for Exercise 1:1 An outbreak of cholera hit London in1854.2 John Snow began to test two theories.3 John Snow investigated two streets wherethe outbreak was very severe.4 John Snow marked the deaths on a map.5 He found that most of the deaths were neara water pump.6 He had the handle remo

16、ved from the waterpump.7 He announced that the water cairied thedisease.8 King Cholera was defeated.Answer key for Exercise 2:1 John Snow finally proved his idea becausehe found an outbreak that was clearlyrelated to cholera,collected informationand was able to tie cases outside the areato the pollu

17、ted water.2 No.The map helped John Snow organizehis ideas.He was able to identify thosehouseholds that had had many deaths andcheck their water-drinking habits.Heidentified those houses that had had nodeaths and surveyed their drinking habits.The evidence clearly pointed to thepolluted water being t

18、he cause.3 Three diseases,which are similar today,are SARS,AIDS and bird flu,becausethey are serious,have an unknown causeand need public health care to solve them.Sample summary for Exercise 3:John Snow wanted to find the cause ofcholera.He believed that people became illafter eating infected food.

19、He used the nextoutbreak of cholera to test his idea.Hestudied a small area of houses which got 2/par咽/英 语their water from the same pump.Manypeople in the area died.John Snow showedthat this was because the water in the pumpwas infected.He showed that cholera couldbe defeated if people drank clean w

20、ater.LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGEDiscovering useful words and expressionsSuggested answers to Exercise 1:1 victim2 physician3 analyse4 defeat5 challenge6 enquiry7 pump 8 blame10 link.toAnswer key for Exercise 2:9 absorb1 severe2 suspected3 exposed4 experts5 cure6 foresaw7 concluded8 announced9 attendedAn

21、swer key for Exercise 3:make a suggestionmake a planmake a speechmake a changemake an investigationmake a decisionmake a contributionmake a noisemake a descriptionbSomc possible examples for Exercise 4:1 The teacher asked us not to make faces inclass.2 I tried to make friends with my neighbourbut he

22、 was too old and did not want totalk to me.3 The best way to make money is to studyhard and gain good qualifications.4 I didnt like them to collect me in their carso I made my way to the restaurant onfoot by myself.5 Tm too tired to make dinner,so I decide toeat out.6 Before you pay for that new car

23、 make sureit has a guarantee,which will protect youagainst any problems during the first year.7 Dont make up youe mind about buyingthat house till you have seen a few more.8 When you leave your flat in the morning,it looks tidier if you make the bed beforeyou go.9 I have tried to make room for her o

24、n thatcourse but there are just too many peoplealready attending it.Discovering useful structuresSome possible answers for Exercise 1:1 .when he thought about helping ordinarypeople exposed to cholera.(attribute)2 He immediately told the astonished peoplein Broad Street to remove the handle fromthe

25、pump.(attribute)3 He became interested in two theories.(pre-dicative)4 Neither its cause,nor its cure was under：stood.(predicative)b Answer key for Exercise 2:Past Participle asthe Attribute(1)Past Participle asthe Attribute(2)1 terrified people1 people terrified of(cholera)2 reserved seats2 seats r

26、eserved by.3 polluted water3 water polluted by.4 a crowded room4 a room crowdedwith.5 a pleased winner5 a winner pleasedwith.6 astonished children6 children astonishedat/by.7 a broken vase7 a vase broken by.8 a closed door8 a door closed by.9 the tired audience9 the audience tiredof.10 a trapped ani

27、mal10 an animal trappedin/by.Answer key for Exercise 3:1 blamed/upset 2 tired3 disappointed 4 shocked/depressed5 excited 6 infectedUSING LANGUAGELISTENING TEXTA GREAT CHINESE SCIENTISTFather of the Chinese space programmeYu Ping(YP)is talking to her friend SteveSmith(SS)about Qian Xuesen and his wor

28、kA 教材练力笞案及听力原文as a rocket scientist.Part 1YP:What do you want to be when you growup,Steve?SS:I want to be an astronomer and visitsstars.I wish to visit Mars one day.YP:I think Id like to work in the spaceindustry too.Id like to be a rocketscientist like Qian Xuesen.SS:What did he have to do to becom

29、e arocket scientist?YP:Well,he first studied at university to bean engineer.Later he went to America tostudy for his doctors degree.It was thenhe began to work on rockets.SS:So it was lucky for our space programmethat he came back to China.YP:Very much so.There was no work onspace rockets in China b

30、efore he beganhis institute to design and build rocketsto go into space.Part 2SS:Do you think he wanted to travel intospace in one of his rockets?YP:I have no idea but I believe he lookedforward to the first space flight by aChinese astronaut.SS:Yes.Now that China has sent satellitesinto space.I hop

31、e weH be the first toland on Mars.That would really besomething special and if I were thatastronaut I would put Qian Xuesenspicture on Mars to show how much weadmire his work.YP:Indeed.He is rightfully called the fatherof the Chinese space programme.He ismy hero and he is why I want to be arocket sc

32、ientist.SS:Well,wed better get on with ourhomework.We need good grades to getinto university.YP:Right you are.See you,then.SS:See you.bAnswer key for Exercise 1:Students will give their own answers.Answer key for Exercise 2:Main Idea:It is about the role of QianXuesen in the development of spacetech

33、nology in China.Answer key for Exercise 3:1 Qian Xuesen first studied to be anengineer.2 In America he began to work on spacerockets so that he was able to develop aspace programme when he came back toChina.3 When Qian Xuesen returned to China heset up a space institute to begin trainingpeople in ho

34、w to design and build rockets.Answer key for Exercise 4:Chinas achievement-sin spaceSteve Smiths ambitions1 Chinese astronautsin space2 Chinese satellites inspace1 become a rocketscientist2 be the first to landon Mars and put QianXuesen picture therebAnswer key for Exercise 3:Students give their own

35、 answers.Students can show that they understand whatis involved by making a realistic dialogue oftheir own.Sample conversation:MIKE:What do you want to do when yougrow up?LI RU:I want to build robots.I will have todo a physics and mathematics degreein China.After that I hope to goabroad to Reading U

36、niversity inEngland where you can study allabout robots.There is a specialcybernetics department there.MIKE:What personality will be needed forthat job?LI RU:I think I need to be patient for myideas which will take a long time todevelop.I also need to be creative4 JpanC f/英语enough to have good ideas

37、.MIKE:What experience will be most usefulto you?LI RU:I think technology and engineeringprojects.I hope to work in a factoryin my holidays.MIKE:What kind of person makes a goodinventor?LI RU:I think someone who is happy topersevere at something and learnsfrom his mistakes.MIKE:Thank you.I think desi

38、gning robotssounds fun.Reading and w ritingb Answer key for Exercise 1:BeforeCopernicus9 theoryShowingCopernicus theoryA diagram showingthe solar system withthe earth at its centreA diagram showingthe solar system withthe sun at its centreAnswer key for Exercise 2:Students give their own answers.Sam

39、ple writing:Dear Nicolaus Copernicus,I am a student studying astronomy andI would very much like to read your newtheory about the solar system.I hope youwill publish it for several reasons.I understand the problems with thepresent theory.The way the planets move isnot what you would expect if the ea

40、rth wasthe centre of the universe.It is also odd thatthe brightness of some stars seems to change.So I agree with you that we need a newtheory.I know your observations have beenvery carefully carried out over many years.Now you must have the courage to publishthem.Science can never advance unlesspeo

41、ple have the courage of their beliefs.Iknow you worry about what will happen ifyou publish your new theory.No matter howpeople oppose it,time will show whetheryour ideas are right or wrong.So I hope you will feel you can publishyour new theory.Yours sincerely,(your name)Unit 2WARMING UP0Answers:1 C

42、2B(direct flight)3B 4A 5BQuestion 1:The United Kingdom consistsof England,Wales,Scotland and NorthernIreland.More about this appears in the firstreading passage.Question 2:It takes ten hours to fly fromBeijing to London Heathrow Airport if youtake a direct flight.Question 3:It may appear to an outsi

43、derthat the Queen has an important role inruling the country.However,this is not so.Her position is ceremonial:openingParliament,welcoming Heads from othercountries,going on tours to other countriesto encourage trade with Britain,etc.ThePrime Minister together with his mostimportant ministers(called

44、 the Cabinet)andhis Members of Parliament(each from adifferent part of the country)make theimportant political decisions and the laws.Question 4:The counties of Britain aremuch smaller than provinces in China.Theyhave local government powers for their area.Counties have several Members ofParliament

45、depending on the size of theirpopulation.Large towns such as Readinghave two MPs and the largest city inEngland outside London,which is Birmingham,has ten MPs.Question 5:The Rivers Thames and Severnare very similar in length but the RiverThames is slightly longer.The River Thamesis 338 km and the Ri

46、ver Severn is 290 km.The River Avon is much shorter.COMPREHENDINGb Answer key for Exercise 1:A 教材练力笞案及听力原文1 England,Wales and Scotland2 England and Wales3 England,Wales,Scotland and NorthernIreland4 Republic of Southern Ireland5 England/Great Britain/the UKAnswer key for Exercise 2:1 The country lef

47、t out is Wales.It is usuallyassumed to be part of England.2 England,Scotland and Wales.3 The Vikings did not influence London.b Answer key for Exercise 3:North:Leeds,York,Sheffield,ManchesterMidlands:Coventry,BirminghamSouth:Reading,London,Brighton,Plymouth0*Answer key for Exercise 4:Para 1,2&3:what

48、 England includes;aboutGreat Britain;the UK.Para 4:the geographical division of Englandinto zones;their similarities anddifferences.Para 5&6:the cultural importance ofLondon.Possible summary:The writer examineshow the UK developed as an administrativeunit.It shows how England is also dividedinto thr

49、ee zones.It explains why Londonbecame the cultural capital of England.LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGEDiscovering useful words and expressionsbAnswer key for Exercise 1:1 unwilling 2 countryside3 conveniences 4 clarify5 constructing7 administration6 Kingdom8 accomplish9 enjoyable。Suggested answers to Exercis

50、e 2:1 currency3 United;consist of4 broke away6 conflicts2 The Union Jack5 institutions7 provincesb Answer key for Exercise 3:1 asked 2 whispered 3 screamed4 begged 5 agreed 6 answered7 shouted 8 complained 9 suggestedDiscovering useful structuresb Answer key for Exercise 1:1 .to form the United King

51、dom by gettingIreland connected in the same peacefulway.2 You find most of the population settled inthe south,.3 It has the oldest port built by the Romans.Suggested answers to Exercise 2:1 have got the house mended2 Have you had your hair cut?3 have the dictionary delivered4 havent had the film dev

52、eloped6 found it closed6 get it repaired7 got all their money stolen8 have it divided9 had some of his points clarified10 had/got some flowers sent;had itannounced;had it organizedb Answer key for Exercise 3:Answers will vary.USING LANGUAGEReadingSuggested answers:,6 J ia n d M/英语Day 1CommentsDay 2D

53、ay 31 Tower ofLondon2 St PaulsCathedral3 WestminsterAbbey4 Big Ben1 delight,fancy2 splendid and interesting3 interesting,full of statues ofpoets and writers4 famous and very loudGreenwich withships2 clock(GMT)3 longitude line1 Karl Marxs statuestrange he lived and diedin London2 British Museumthrill

54、ed to see Chinesepottery”ListeningLISTENING TEXTCAN A ROYAL PALACE ALSO BE APRISON?Zhang Pingyu(ZP)is trying to find out moreabout the history of the Tower of Londonfrom a guide(G).Part 1G:The Tower was the home of the King butalso a prison.Many important peoplewere kept there.ZP:I beg your pardon?C

55、an you speak moreslowly,please?G:Of course.Have you heard of ThePrinces in the Tower”?ZP:No,Im afraid not.G:These two princes were brothers,calledEdward and Richard and they lived sixhundred years ago.They came to London,for the older boy to become Edward V,after his father,King Edward IV,died.ZP:I

56、see.How old was he?G:He was only thirteen years old.His crueluncle,also called Richard,was supposedto look after them both,but instead he hadthem killed while they were asleep.ZP:What do you mean?He killed themhimself?G:No.He sent his men to kill them becausehe wanted to become King Richard III.Ther

57、e is a story that on a dark night youcan sometimes hear those princes crying.ZP:You can hear them crying?Really?Ithought you said they were killed manyyears ago.G:Yes,but its only a story!Part 2ZP:Who else came to the Tower as aprisoner?G:A future queen.In the 1550s Queen Marysent her sister,Princes

58、s Elizabeth,to theTower as a prisoner.ZP:Strange!Why did she do that?G:She thought Elizabeth was a traitor.Soshe sent Elizabeth through a special gatecalled“Traitors Gate”.That only happened to very bad people.ZP:Im sorry I dont understand.How didElizabeth become Queen if she was aprisoner?G:Easy.He

59、r brother and sister both diedwithout children so Elizabeth becameQueen Elizabeth I.She tried not to beunfair to others when she was queen.ZP:Im glad to hear that.b Answer key for Exercise 1:1 Elizabeth later Queen Elizabeth I.2 King Henry V IH.3 Richard III.4 Edward V and Richard.b Answer key for E

60、xercise 2:Ticks for brothers Edward V and Richard(sons of King Edward IV);King Edward N;Richard(later King Richard III);QueenMary;Elizabeth(later Queen Elizabeth I);b Answer key for Exercise 3:1 Prince Edward(later Edward V)was oneof the princes murdered in the Tower.Weknow because:both were princes

61、 both were young boys their uncle was Richard who later becameKing Richard III.2 King Richard III killed the princesbecause he wanted to become king.b Answer key for Exercise 4:came,future,Mary,Princess,Tower,Strange,thought,through.Traitors,happenedSpeaking and writingSample dialogue:S1:Excuse me.A

62、re you a guide?S2:Yes,I am.Can 1 help you?Sl:Can I ask you a question about theTemple of Heaven?S2:Of course.What do you want to know?S1:Whats this Temple for?S2:The Emperor came to pray for goodcrops and a good harvest for the country.He made offerings to the God and askedhim for help.A 教M练习笞案及听力原文

63、SkPlease can you speak more slowly?Imafraid I cant follow you.S2:Fm sorry.Ill speak more slowly.This isthe Hall where the Emperor made hissacrifices to the Gods.You may not go inbut just look through the door.Sl:What did you mean by making sacrifices?S2:He killed many animals after makingprayers.He

64、was also dressed in specialclothes.S1:I beg your pardon?Special clothes!Ithought his clothes were always special!What were they?S2:They were clothes kept just for thisoccasion.He changed in a special yellowroom and came out to go to pray to theGods.S1:1 see.When did this stop?S2:When the Emperors st

65、opped ruling China.S1 :Thank you.You have been most helpful.Unit 3WARMING UPb Suggested answers:Present timeIn One Thousand Years TimeTransportAirplanes;cars;bicyclesNo longer by air because of environmental pollution;bicycles and horses will make a comeback.WorkOffice;factory;construction;landscape

66、;serviceAt home using advanced,interactive computers;meetingscan be conducted on the computer and people will see eachother speak.Finance andcurrencyBanks;offices;insurance;businessOne global currencymaybe the yuan as China will be thelargest global exporterLanguagesEnglish;Russian;ChineseOne global language-perhaps Chinese or still EnglishEnvironmentAir:could beimproved in citiesVery poor;need to recycle all waste;control on the use ofcars;no airplanes;methods to improve poor air quality.Climat