初中英语语法总复习
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1、初中英语语法综合解说【考点1】一般目前时的用法考察概念:常常、反复发生的动作或行为及目前的某种状况。 时间状语: alwy, usully, oft, somtmes, verwe (da, yea, oth),on a week,oSndays, tc基本构造:b动词;行为动词 否认形式:a/s/ar+no;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加dnt,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doest,同步还原行为动词。一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doe,同步,还原行为动词。一般目前时重要有如下几点用法:1、常常性或习惯性的动作。例如:It elomno
2、s iSuqianno 2、目前的特性或状态。例如:Hels sprts. 3、普遍真理,一般规律。例如:Light trel far th son/ Fish oon goes ba iot weaher、可以用来表达一种按规定,筹划,安排或时刻表要发生的状况,一般均有一种表达将来时间的状语。一般用来表达学期什么时候要开学、结束;飞机、火车、汽车、船只等交通工具什么时候要达到,什么时候要离开等时刻表上已有安排的活动。动词一般限于少数几种,如:e, sart, top, rrve, come,leve, return, op, close, e等。例如:My plae leaveat 1am.
3、 tomrro/ Schobs thy after tomrrow. 5、在if, when, as so s, util,afe, ber等连接词引导的时间或条件状语从句中,从句中谓语动词要用一般目前时,主句要用将来时。例如:Turn of the lightbfreyu av. We wll sar a so s you ar edy.有关一般目前时应注意如下几点:a. 在间接引语中,如果转述的是客观真理,一般规律,谚语俗语,一般目前时时态保持不变。例如:H adtheert is rond.b. i引导的条件状语从句中用一般目前时表达将来的状况;但作为与否意思时,其引导的宾语从句如果表达
4、将来的状况则用一般将来时。he作为当、时候,引导状语从句时,从句用一般目前时表达将来的状况,如: oes, will let you know;如果引导的是宾语从句,表达什么时候,则将来的状况仍然用一般将来时,如: dontknw when wi isitmec.某些时间副词如seldo, usually, otimes, often, ever, everyday等既可以用于过去时,也可以用于一般目前时。要注意辨别。例如:eftegoesswiing./He ofn entwimming n 99. 【中考链接】 1. -Mum, _ hl we haelunch? -Wewil have
5、it w your d_.(连云港) when; retrns B.ere; rrns C. where; will rern D. whe; ill return简析:A。hn在后半句中表达当、时候,状语从句中用一般目前时表达将来状况,根据后半句应当是问时间的,第一空用时间疑问词hn.2. -Tmrrow ill be atrs Da. Whatwil you o fo your aer? -I will syI vou, Daddy as sons h_ p. (南通) A. illke . is wakig C.wakeD oke 简析:C。as soon as一、就、,引导时间状语从句
6、。从句中一般目前时表达将来的状况。3 Ortechraid lgt_atr ha ou.(宿迁) A. traveled . has tavlle C. s travlling . avls简析:D。光比声音传播速度快是科学真理,在间接引语中一般目前时保持不变。4. -Let go fihgift_ hs weekend -But nobdy know f _.(扬州) . isfine, wl rainB.ile fie, rns is ne, rinsDwill e fine, wil ain 简析:A。前半句中if引导的是条件状语从句,从句用一般目前时表达将来;后半句if的意思是与否,引
7、导宾语从句,周末下不下雨是将来的事情,用一般将来时。5. -Isoftherdocor? -, hei. He_ n wnHospital. (武汉) A. ha wrkd B. ad woked C. wks Dworkd 简析:C。一般目前时在此句中表达目前的一种状态。即爸爸目前在这所医院工作。【考点2】目迈进行时的用法考察概念:表达现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 时间状语:nw,tthis te, thesedays, ec 基本构造:m/i/ardoing 否认形式:am/is/are+not+doing 一般疑问句:把动词放于句首。目迈进行时重要有如下用法:1、表达目前或目前这
8、一阶段正在进行的动作。常用的时间状语:rightnow, resnt, at hemoen, n.常用的标志性动词如:ook,listen等。例如:Someoneiskingo you o t pne. 2、表达一种在近来按筹划或安排要进行的动作。多有一种表达将来时间的状语。这种状况仅限于少量动词,如:, cme, ave, stt, arive,work, have, tay, l, retur等。例如:m, spper is ready. ome quikly. -OK. Im coig.注意:表达状态和感觉的动词如果指目前状况的话,一般不用于进行时,而要用一般目前时。这样的动词有:lov
9、e, ike, hat, wan, hope,ned, wh, knw, ndstnd, mme, belong, ear,ee, see, have(有), so(听起来), tste(尝起来)等。 【中考链接】 1. -Whereour moher, Helen? -e_ the fler i th aden(镇江)A.waterB. watedCis watinD. has wered简析:C。谈话中问妈妈目前在哪儿,可知妈妈正在花园里给花浇水。 2.-Hur up! Its ti t lav. -OK, _.(孝感) A.m comn ll coe C.Ive o D I me 简析:
10、。m coing意思是我就来。目迈进行时表达近来按安排要进行的动作。 3 -Shall wnvite Tm tola fotall no? h, nHehis coths.(泸州) is wahnB.washsC.swshedD. washed简析:。上半句对方表达要目前邀请Tom踢足球,但此外一种人说不行,显然,她正在洗衣服目前脱不开身。一般目前时和目迈进行时强化训练题1.Jeny!Do u knwtht onethird of th boys in orclss_ thiner Zg haha?A.ie lke C.lking2 The snse ofhaeswill increase i
11、 you _ wat you like o . A. do B. dd C.ill do3 Bett wi ingme p en he_ in Beijin A. arrivs . arriveC. arrive D.l arve4. If yu _ yu oewor, you cn go uttoplay oobl. Afish B. il finh C refiishing5. myfathe_ hs bike o ork ever dyintadof driving . ri B e C.ri D.wl rd6. he o? His mothe_ mnw. islingfor B. wi
12、l ook for . has loked fr D.Loks o7 ha is Tom doing nw? _ basktball overhere. A iplaig B.will play C.has paydD. was pig8 Wtsthewethe lke?Oh, it_ utsid. ke aumbrella with you A. is raining B. ins C.srinng D. rain9. You cant s thebatroom ightno. bie _ showr. A is akng B. wil t Ctakes 10. Lok! The bo _
13、ootbll on the playrn Aar plying B. plyC. las D.played11. This girl is rdy t hel pepleanytie.When sh is on the bs, sh ws herseat somene in need. A.give B gie C.gae D. gng 12 Wwll heleavfor Shanghai? As on a h hs work. A fnshe B finshes . isfiisig D.wll inis1.Alhough Bl rich nough,hee _ moneyoe poo. .
14、 il ie eCs givingD.av4.-an youfathe driv? -Yes, and he owrk evry ay A. is driin B. divs C rove D. hsdrivn15.Jhn likes playing soe ery muc and he_abu onour png it evey da.A sent B. spends C hsspnt D. l spn16、The sn _ in the st an goe down inthe west.A. islway rising B. always rises C rises lay D. awa
15、ysisrsin17.Tetacer tod us at t sn_bigg than theer. as B. is C. ha been D.w e18 Don makeso mc oie. e children _an l lsson.A av B. are havin . wer havig1odayis Wmen Day. My fer nd _ speciagif form mother now.A. mke B. ae mig . ad20.ats ttnose? Oh, fgot to te you.The neigh_ for a party. A. prepae B. ae
16、 pearing Cwil pe D have prped2.-Were sMcael? -H _TVat home , I hik A. wathes B. watched C.is watcig . waswatching 2. Lsn!hephone. les g nswe i. A. rigs Brang . isrnging D. wil rig2.Pee urn of the radio, grana _now. K, d it rig ow. slt B. willleep C. i slepin D sleps24. at areyou dng? I _TV. A.tched
17、tche C watching 5.Te orker _a w brig no. The trafci Ganhou will be better soonAbuidB. ee biding C. ae buildi . bil 26.Thepopulion of the world still now. A ill; o . ha; grown C. is; grwin D. i; grn27.ve ot finised mprct y. Hury up! Ou fiends_ forus. wait B. will a are witing D. haewited28.It _har ou
18、tside.Yo hv to tay at oe. A. ain .rine C. riing29. Lok! ack andhismkey _ fying dis toeth in th grde . i payn B.was plag C. re playing D.wee laying 0.Alan, its late hy not to e?Jnn s coe bck yet I_for her. A. wtd hve watC. m wating D. was waitng 1 May I seak or gan? orry. He _n the farm A.wors. B. wo
19、rked C. a wrked . isokig3.Pase rn ff the TV. Thab _. Ill oout oa al.A. sleeps B.slep C.as leep D s slepng3.-hre is Gac? -Se _ theyard. A. reds B.ed . wa reding Disreading 34Dont e somch oise Te hldrn anEli less. A. have B. we ig C.havi 3. Listen! Seone _ fo he! A. caled B.has calld i calling 36 The
20、gi with e grandparen for th momencause e parent aebtvy busythsmnth. .lved was lving C lie D. is living 37. : Whs yur brother doig nw? B: H is aite.A. fly. fewC. lis. flg8. Lsten, ou teaes _Re Sogs n the next om. sang B snsC. re sngig 39.Wher syourEnli eacher? Im okingr him everywhe. e _ te entin he
21、coputerrom. Awll seach B. ha sarhd C. seachd D. searchin初中英语八种时态归纳复习卷(二)【考点3】一般过去时的用法考察 概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、常常性的动作、行为。 时间状语:ao, yesteray, the da before ystray,la we(yar, nig, m), i 1989, s nw, a the age of 5,ne day, log ln ago,e upo atime,c. 基本构造:be动词;行为动词 否认形式:was/wre+not;在行为动词前加idt,同步还原行为动词。
22、一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式i 提问,同步还原行为动词。一般过去时重要有如下用法:1、表达过去某时发生的动作或状况(涉及习惯性动作)。常用的时间状语有:yeserday,lsnigh/wek, mnth go/ten yers o和具体的过去时间in 190,in 等。例如:Sheofen cam to elp mwhen I asn robl.2、发生的时间不是很清晰,但事实上是过去发生的。例如:Hw nce to seeyou here! I hght yuwe ot. 要注意辨别一般过去时和过去进行时。一般过去时表达过去发生的事情,侧重成果;而过去进行时只表
23、达过去某段时间正在进行的动作,而不波及成果。例如:He was writn a etter lst nght.(不懂得与否写完了) / He wro a leter last ht. (成果写完了)【中考链接】. Sio_ sfinger wn eas ooig h dnner(盐城) AburntB. as brngC.haburt D hd burnt 简析:A。此处为瞬间动词,表达烫着,当她在做饭的时候,她烫着了手指,一般过去时在此处表达到果。 2 - Isory you have misdthe us. It_ fiv mnus o. - What a ity! (徐州) was le
24、avin B. has le C. lft D.leas 简析:C。根据five miusag可知是指过去的事情,且表达的是成果,用一般过去时。 3. -M. Johns,we hae fndyour watch. -My wach!Thank ohere_ i?(绍兴) A do ou find. ha you found C d yu nd D weeyou fnn 简析:。发现的动作为过去的事情,表达过去的成果,故用一般过去时。【考点4】过去进行时的用法考察概念:表达过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 时间状语:attis t ytery,athat ie或he引导的谓语
25、动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。基本构造:a/were+doin 否认形式:was/ere not + doing 一般疑问句:把wa或wre放于句首。过去进行时重要有如下用法: 1、谈论过去的某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的事。例如:I wreading e newsper at 6.3 this orn 、当过去某一件事情发生时,此外一种动作正在进行。此时,延续性动词用过去进行时,瞬间动词用一般过去时。例如:Th earquake strte hile was in ome hopping. 、可以表达从过去某个时候看来将要发生的事。例如:hnhis so arived, the ol man
26、was dy【中考链接】1. I came to ou home ysterdayafternoon, t bod was . - Oh, we_se sopin nhe supermark.(南通) A. hve one B did C. wre oing D. are dig 简析:C。根据对话,可知在对方到她们家时,她们当时正在超市购物。 2. -Wha do yu nk ofthe oloof y ners? -ory, bu what did you y? I_ abousomtig else. (扬州) A.thi B thought C am thnkng ws thinkng
27、简析:D。第二个说话者没有听见对方说什么,可知对方说话时,此人正在考虑别的事情。过去进行时表达一种动作发生时,此外一种动作正在进行。 3. my homewok while my paretsV lastiht.(南京)A d;he ace B. as doing; wrwatcing Chad done;erewatch . old d;were wacng简析:B。做作业和看电视均为延续性动词,并且是在过去同步进行的两个动作,因此都用过去进行时。一般过去时和过去进行时强化训练题1.a an I _ tensyetery.H did hbtt than 1.playd .ill play .
28、 ply D eplay2.A bpar was hd in NO.1iddleScl lat night, teteache wit tudnt_ signgadancin happ atte arty. ws B is C. ar D. w. r Blck i n to rr agrl e _ i aan astyear. A. e Beets.has met.wod mee. H e intohs rom, th lghtnd beganto wo. A. turedon . tun off . as turned n D. hasturned ff5.Whatdir.Smt d efo
29、 he ame to China?He inacaracto.Arked .woks isorin Dwllwrk6What we youding ts e yetera?I _ on thegrs and drawin a piur.A.sit . itn am siting sa 7 While I_ V, the bell rang .wth B. wching C.am watchng D. watce 8.Why didn ou nswer mytephn yeerday?Sorry. I _ bath.took B. wastai C. am ting D. ake 9. Whil
30、e e alien _ a souvenir,th gil called the police. A. out . wasbuing C. bys . yin1 caled you at6 clk yesterday evenin, bt noboyanswere. Im sory. I m fien dooadth movie Kng u Panda when he teephonerg,.wouldhelB. wa helpg C. elped.Yo have und yur lt umella,haeo? Yes I _ itbehind e dor thisaferno . have
31、fond B. will find C.fnd 1. om, alon wit three ter boys,_senplain football moentao.A. is B. are . ws Dwre13. Tenuts ag, the_ a erase, penad ome ooks the dsk. A. er B. is .wa 4. Haveyou eve ben gKong?Ys, _ her lst moth. wentto B. hav een C wt 5. Thsmoning I had hardly o tomy scl whn it_ o ri. A. had b
32、eg B.wginnin C. began D. gs 16.Ho was our trip oHang Zho, Jim? t! _ to Xiiaal Welandark A. go . went will o D a goin 17. Doyou know ho cleanethe bacbar,Tina? - Ye. John _. A do B did C oe .1. Te las m I _ t he ciema was tw yarsago. . o.hae goe C.ave beD.Wnt19Lin Ka,an inyou hmework, pease h, or.I _
33、i a home tis mornng. was eaving B.has ft C. wl leve D. lef20. m nowinNw Yorkwimy frinJnny We_ b pln on ody.a. arrv Barrivd C e arrivn D. will rve21. W _your mother _ut le dess,Lu? Sory, I reallyat emember. Mayb two or hree ks go. A. will; bB. e; buy.di;buy22. I hve to e ofih noWat a t! I yocouldstay
34、 a lie ngr wh us.Athk . am tnki . tught3. Tom waso rees th _ hisrit arwenh wariing shool. Ahurts B. rt . hs ur D.had hur24. _ somhin wong jus nw.May 1 use yo easer?Of couse. Here ou areA. write B wroe C. am wrng 2hts the bstprsntyou haveever_? A. recied B. receves C.rcevi26. htdi the eacher say just
35、 no? Sry. Ididnt atch I _sometn el. A. hiB. will thinkC.was ining.had touht27 When Icae bck yeteray evnin, my brother _hs oework. A i oig .hane . wasdoing 28. Did see r. Blackust no? Ys He _ scrwhen I met hm. A. prkBaspakngC. parkD ill ark2. Am,Iledyou yesrda evening, utobod answed th pone. h, I_a w
36、 with other t aime. takeB. tookC am akgD.asang0.Why idnt you t pay footal wihusyeterdayaferon?I _m othe i thehousewok thnA. elpdBwas eg Chad helped . e been hlping 1. He _whn theUFOarivd.e idnt wake until the F dapered A. lpt B. ws sleig C. as oing omework D. wa singn32I_ y howorkt ine oclc ls Suamo
37、ig.A.a dig B. ws din C. do. I avr any ohn just_ hen I spok to him.A. intlisteng B.hat isnd C. ddnt listen D. wsnt tning I et a goo fridofmne whil I the streetA alk B. walk C. waswalking am wlking35.I _ wen the UO andd. am wtchg V Bws atchin TVC.v atchedTV . wtched T3. Thegi wih two cat i the yr we t
38、h eathuke happened A. was playg B is plig C. areayin Dwere plang初中英语八种时态归纳复习卷(三)【考点5】目前完毕时的用法考察概念:过去发生或已经完毕的动作对目前导致的影响或成果,或从过去已经开始,持续到目前的动作或状态。时间状语:ecently, laty, sicor,i the pat few ea, c. 基本构造:have/ha + dne (即动词的过去分词)否认形式:have/has ot done. 一般疑问句:have或h。 目前完毕时重要有如下用法:、谈论开始于过去某个时候并且持续到目前的一种动作。例如:Edd
39、ie as lived ith Mliesce heas br. 2、谈论过去发生的动作,并且和目前存在联系。即过去的某个动作对目前产生影响。ddi hasetnyfo. (Eddie at the oo and ow Ho has nohigt eat) 但是如果单纯谈一种过去的动作,不波及它对目前的影响时,一般用一般过去时。目前完毕时常用的时间状语有:(1)or+一段时间;()sinc+过去的某个时间点或从句(3) so fa, y, recently,overinheast/ast +一段时间;(ne, ie,)theetimes,neve,ver, up to no, tese ays
40、,befor,例如:Iheteenhm thesedys/ Ha ou ever en ach otherefre?英语动词根据词义可分为两种:一种是延续性的,一种是终结性的,终结性动词(也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词,或点动词),如begin,stat,d,bu,leave, me等,表达动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完毕,不能再延续,因此它的目前完毕时不能和表达延续的时间状语连用,即不能与表达一段时间的状语,for时间段, sin时间点/从句连用,也不能用在howog引导的特殊疑问句中. g I let Shangha or thre dys.() Ive been aay frm Shangh
41、ai frthree da.( ).I lft Shaathre ays ago ( ) I/hsbeethredyiceI left Sanghi( ) 2.初中英语课本中常用终结性动词有:lave, go, coe,arrve, bein,buy, bor, die, jon, ecoe等终结性动词要表达持续时,可用如下措施: .将时间状语改为时间段 +ago,句中谓语动词用一般过去时. eg我弟弟参军两年了. Mybroter inedhe rm to yasago .若保存for+时间段,sice+时间点从句, 或用在 owln 句型中,则需将终结性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词,
42、现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词(终结性动词)到延续性动词的转换:come/go/arive/get/rach/move-ben/at ope-b opn cme backbeacdi-b dead clos-be cosed ecome-be bow-keep bein/tart-b putn-wr lve-e aa (from) buy-ave fallasleep-b asleep et uup e/fis-b over cach a cod-havea cod g ot be outjineary-be nthe my b a slder jointh Paty-be ithe Pary
43、/be Party member 如:My brother has beein te amy fortwo ears. My boter has bn a dirforwoya. i grandmha beena for tw years.她祖母去世二年了。 The fm has been on for enintes.电影已开始十分钟了。3.目前完毕时中ben o,gn to和en n/at 的区别ee to去过某地,表达某人的一种经历,可以和nce,twce,aleady,ever,never等连用 g. She has eentoaghai twic. (表达目前人在这里) on to去
44、某地了,说话时某人已离开此地,在去某地的途中或已在某地, eg. ShegoeoShanh。(表达目前她人不在这里) been n/a 逗留在某地(已经一段时间).常和for en dys,ince e hee等连用. eg Sh een nShanai inc sh mvdthere. 4.目前完毕时和一般过去时的区别一、目前完毕时所表白的是过去发生的动作对目前的影响,强调的是目前的状况,不可以和表达过去的时间状语yestrda,in 991,thre dys go st time,lst night等连用。二、一般过去时表白的是过去发生的事实,和目前不发生关系 构造It is /has been +一段时间 ince 从句.自从某事发生已有一段时间了 g. It i /hs been two yeasinemy botherjoidthe rmy. 注意:1sine 引导的从句中动词用过去时 when引导 的特殊问句不与目前完毕时连用.【考点6】过去完毕时的用法考察概念:以过去某个时间为原则,在此此前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完毕的行为,即
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