考研英语__92~01__翻译解析

《考研英语__92~01__翻译解析》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考研英语__92~01__翻译解析（36页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2001年考研翻译真题精解版In less than 30 years*time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality.Direct links between the brainsnervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments,allowing virtualvacations like those in the film Total Recall.71)There will be television chat shows hoste

2、d by robots,and cars with pollution monitors thatwill disable them when they offend.72)Children will play with dolls equipped with personalitychips,computers with in-buill personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools,relaxation will be in front of smeH-television,and digital age wil

3、l have arrived.According to BT*s futurologist,Ian Pearson,these are among the developments scheduled forthe first few decades of the new millennium(a period of 1,000 years),when supercomputers willdramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.73)Pearsoe has pieced together the work of hundre

4、ds of researchers around the world,toproduce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expecthundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.Some of the biggest developmentswill be in medicine,including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artif

5、icial organs cominginto use between now and 2040.Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links.By linking directly to ournervous system,computers could pick up what we feel and,hopefully,simulate feeling too so thatwe can start to develop full sensory environments,rather like the holi

6、days in Total Recall or theStar Trek holodeck,he says.74)But that,Pearson points out,is only the start of man-machineintegration:It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to afully electronic human before the end of the next century.Through his research,Pe

7、arson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can bepredicted.However,there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available,or when human cloning will be perfected,or when time travel will be possible.But he does expectsocial problems as a result of technolo

8、gical advances.A boom in neighborhood surveillancecameras will,for example,cause problems in 2010,while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robotswill mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the?75)And_home appliances wil 1 also become so smart Ihal controlling and o

9、perating ihem will result in ihebreakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage.71.There will be television chat shows hosted by robots,and cars with pollution monitors that willdisable them when they offend.结构分析：本句的主干结构是there will b e后面带的两个并列名词television chat show和 cars,这两个名词在句中做主语。其中第一主语tele

10、vision chat show后面又接了,个过去分词做后置定语。第二个名词主语cars后面接了介词with pollution monitors做后置定语，其后又接了 that引导的定语从句，那么引导词that修饰前面哪个名词一般由三个条件来确定：1.就近原则，也就是修饰最靠近that的前面的名词，2.看其前面名词的核心成分；3.依据意思和后面的谓语动词的语法搭配来定。句子最后部分是由when引导的时间状语从句。这个句子还难在人称代词they指代前面的哪个名词，在 they前面出现两个复数名词monitors和 c a rs,依据意思搭配那当然是cars（汽车）冒犯monitors（检测器）

11、。核心词汇：television chat shows 电视谈话节目；hosted by robots 由机器人主持的，cars with pollutionmonitors装有污染监控器的汽车；disable them 使汽车失灵（停止运行）；them和 they指代汽车；offend（多义词）指汽车污染超标，违规参考译文：届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车，一旦这些汽车排污超标（违规），监控器就会使其停下来或停驶。测试点：并列名词；过去分词和介词短语做后置定语；状语从句；代词指代72.Children will play with dolls equipped

12、with personality chips,computers with in-builtpersonalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools,relaxation will be in front of smell-television,and digital age will have arrived.结构分析：本句的主干结构是and连接的四个并列的简单句。第一个句子的宾语dolls后面接了一个过去分词equipped with personality chips做其后置定语。第二个句子的主语computers后面接了

13、介词短语with in-built personalities做其后置定语；第三和第四个句子的结构简单。核心词汇：Be equipped with 装备有,安装有;personality chips 个性芯片;in-built personalities 内置个性芯 片（personalities 等于 personality chips）；workmates rather than（而不是）tools 是并列结构，表示选择。relaxation休闲、放松、娱乐、消遣；smell-television气味电视机；digital age数字化时代参考译文：儿童将与装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有

14、内置个性芯片的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具，人们将在气味电视机前休闲，届时数字化时代就来到了。测试点：过去分词做后置定语；rather than连接的并列名词结构；73.Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers ai,ound the world to produce aunique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds ofkey breakthroughs and d

15、iscoveries to take place.结构分析：本句是的主语是Pearson,谓语是has pieced together,宾语是the w ork,其后用了介词ofhundreds of researchers 做后置定语，hundreds of 是个固定短语修饰 researchers。后面 around theworld又做后置定语，修饰前面的名词researcherso不定式to produce a unique millenniumtechnology calendar做目的状语，后面that引导的是个定语从句，修饰前面的先行词calendar,而 when引导的又是一个

16、定语从句，修饰其前面的名词d ates,谓语动词expect后面接了两个并列名词breakthroughs和 discoveries做并列宾语，不定式to take place做前面名词discoveries的后置定语。核心词汇：Pearson皮尔森（人名音译）；pieced together汇集，综合；hundreds o f数百项；aroundthe world throughout the world=all over the word 全世界；produce 编 制（I 为为动词的意思一般依据后面的名词意思来确定，由于produce的宾语是calendaK台历），因此翻译成”编制，编写

17、“）；a unique millennium technology calendar 一个独特的技术千年历;the latestdates最近日期；key breakthroughs重大突破，关键性突破。参考译文：皮尔森汇集了世界各地数百位研究人员的成果，来编制出一个独特的技术千年历，这个台历列出了我们有望看到数百项重大突破和发现的最近日期。74.But that,Pearson points out,is only the start of man-machine integration:It will be thebeginning of the long process of integ

18、ration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic humanbefore the end of the next century.结构分析：本句的主语是代词th a t,指代前面出现的名词breakthrough,谓语是动词i s,中间的Pearsonpoints out是个插入结构，翻译表达时常要提前。表语是only the start of man-machineintegration,冒号后面的结构也是个系表结构，但表语the beginning后面接了一个很长的介词短语of the long process of integr

19、ation做后置定语。That引导的是定语从句，修饰前面的名词短语的核心成分the beginningo核心词汇：point out 指出；start=beginning 开始；man-machine integration 人机 体化；在 the long processof integration 结构中，integration 前省略了定语 man-machine,翻译时要补出。ultimately（最终）；lead to（它的基本义是导致，促使的意思，但是由于它的宾语是a fully electronic human,因此应该理解为：研制出，记住在翻译表达时动词的意思常依据后面名词的汉

20、语意思来定）。a fully electronic human 完全电子化的仿真人；before the end of the next century 在下世纪末之前。参考译文：皮尔森指出，但是这个突破只不过是人机一体化的开始:它将是人机一体化漫长过程的开始，这一开始最终会使人们在二十世纪末之前就能研制出完全电子化的仿真人。测试点：【hat代词指代；插入结构；名词短语；定语从句；词义表达75.And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will resultin the b

21、reakout of a new psychological disorder kitchen rage.结构分析：本句的主干部分是so（如此）that（以至于）连接的结果状语从句，在 that后面的从句里，controlling and operating them是个动名词短语，充当句子的主语。谓语是result in（导致），宾语是the breakout,后面是介词of a new psychological disorder做后置定语，破折号后面是个名词短语，做前面名词的补充说明。核心词汇：home appliances家用电器；smart（在科技英语里，要理解成：聪明，智能化）；o

22、perate操作;result in the breakout of 弓 I 发，导致出现；psychological disorder 心理混乱（失调）；kitchenrage厨房狂燥症，厨房愤怒。参考译文：家用电器将也会变得如此智能化，以至于控制和操作这些电器将会引发一种新的心理疾病-厨房狂燥症。测试点：结果状语从句；专业定词义；词义表达。2000年翻译真题精解版71.Under modern conditions,this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence thehelp of specialized s

23、cientists such as economists and operational research experts.结构分析：本句的谓语动词是requires,动词后面接了两个并列的宾语，因此句子可以拆分为三段：Under modem conditions（固定介词短语）,this requires varying measures of centralized control/and hence the help of specialized scientists/（scientists 后面是后置定语）such as economists andoperational resear

24、ch experts.核心词汇：Under modem conditions 在现代条件下；varying measures（程度）不同的措施；centralizedcontrol中央控制，中央调控；hence因此，从而；specialized scientists专门科学家，专家；operational research experts运行研究专家，运筹学家，这里有些现在分词和过去分词构成的形容词，需要注意识别。参考译文：在现代条件下，这需要不同程度的中央控制，从而也需要获得诸如经济学家和运筹学家等领域专家的协助。测试点：介词短语单独翻译；名词短语；并列宾语；后置定语72.Furthermo

25、re it is obvious that the strength of a countrys economy is directly bound up withthe efficiency of its agriculture and industry,and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientistsand technologists of all kinds.结构分析：本句的主干是it is obvious that,期it做形式主语,that引导的后面两个从句做真正的主语，因此这个句子可以拆分为三段：Furthermo

26、re it is obvious/that the strength of a countryseconomy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry,/and that this inturn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.在第 一 个 that 弓 I 导的从句里，主语是 the strength of a countrys econom y,谓语是 is directly bou

27、nd up w ith,第二个 that引导的主语从句里this做主语，rests upon做谓语，后面是个常考得名词短语形式。核心词汇：Furthermore 再者,另外;it is obvious that（固定译法）显而易见的是；the strength of a countryseconomy 一个国家的经济实力；is directly bound up with 1J.直接（密切）相关；theefficiency of its agriculture and industry 工农业生产效率；in turn 反过来，依次/轮流；restsupon有赖于，取决于；scientists

28、and technologists of all kinds各种科技人员，所有领域的科学家和技术人员。参考译文：再者/更进一步来说，显而易见的是，一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而反过来效率的提高又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。测试点：主语从句；从句并列；动词短语；名词短语；73.Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications,people everywhere arefeeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas,while gov

29、ernments are oftenforced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.结构分析：本句是个并列句，由 while引导两个句子并列，表示对比关系，翻译成“而工Owing to（因为，由于）是个表示原因的短语，主语people后面接了两个并列谓语are feeling和 are beingexposed too While后面接的句子结构较简单，其中for the reasons given above是个表原因的介词短语，given above是过去分词做后置定语，修饰前面的名词rea

30、sons。核心词汇：owing to 因为，由于；mass-communications 大众通讯；people everywhere 所有的人，各地的人；new wants新的需求（要求,需要）；being exposed t o 接触到,感受到；customs and ideas习俗和思想；introduce推出，采取，施行；innovations革新,革新措施；for the reasons givenabove由于上述原因参考译文：由于大众通讯的显著发展，所有的人都不断感到有新的需求，并不断接触到新的习俗和思想，由于上述原因，各国政府不得不经常采取更进一步的革新措施。测试点：介词短语；

31、句子并列；被动语态；74.In the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization-with all thefar-reaching changes in social patterns that followed was spread over nearly a century,whereasnowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.结构分析：本句是个由whereas（意思是“而“

32、）连接的并列句，in the early industrialized countries是个表示地点的介词短语，其后面应该接一个逗号，但英语中经常在状语后不用逗号，因此和后面的主语名词混在起很难识别，第个句子的主语是the process of industrialization,谓语是w as,主谓中间用了一个破折号连接的插入语，这个插入于是个介词短语，其中介词in socialpatterns做后置定语，修饰前面的名词changes,而 that followed两个词又做后置定语，修饰前面的名词social patterns。第二个句子的结构较简单，主语是a developing co

33、untry,谓语是may undergo,宾语 the same process 指代前面提到的 the process of industrialization,介词短语 in a decade or so做时间状语。核心词汇：industrialized countries 工业化国家；the process of industrialization 工业化进程，工业化过程；with.that followed随.而来的,以及；far-reaching changes深刻的变革,影响深远的变化；social patterns社会结构：spread over持续，延续；nearly a ce

34、ntury大约（将近、几乎）一个世纪；a developing nation 一个发展中国家；undergo 经历；in a decade or so 在 10 年左右的时间，or so表示“左右”的意思。参考译文：在早期实现工业化的欧洲国家里，其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革持续了大约一个世纪，而如今一个发展中国家在10年左右的时间内就可以完成同样的工业化进程。测试点：介词短语单独翻译；插入结构；并列结构；固定短语75.Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion o

35、r problemsarising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modernmeans of transport.结构分析：本句的主语是additional social stress,谓语是may also occur,后面是用介词短语because of连接的名词短语，一个是the population explosion和 problems,但 problems后面又接了一个现在分词arising from mass migration movements做后置定语，破

36、折号后面的themselves是个代词，因其是复数，所以指代前面的复数名词movements,其后有接了一个过去分词做它的后置定语。核心词汇：Additional social stresses 新的（额外的）社会压力；occur 出现，产生；population explosion 人口猛增，人口爆炸；arising from 由.引起，产生于，来自于；mass migration movements大量人口流动；migration流动，迁移；modem means of transport现代交通工具；means工具，手段，途径，还可以表示“收入”，比如：live beyond ones

37、means（过着入不敷出的生活）。参考译文：由于人口猛增或大量人口流动一现代交通工具使这样的大量人口流动变得相对容易一所引起的各种问题也同样造成新的社会压力。测试点：原因状语；现在分词和过去分词做后置定语1999年翻译真题精解版（2009-09-18 23:26:55）转载标签：分类：翻译篇翻译黄涛考研教育71.While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians,modem practicemost closely conforms to one that sees history as t

38、he attempt to recreate and explain the significantevents of the past.结构分析：本句while引导的是个让步状语从句，翻译成“虽然，尽管“，状语从句里用了 asas（与一样）这个词组，主句的主语是most practice,谓语是动词短语conform to（符合），宾语是代词o n e,指代前面的名词definition,that引导的是个定语从句，修饰前面的one。定语从句里用了动词短语see.as（把看作是），因此后面的attempt应该是个名词，后面又接了两个不定式做其后置定语。核心词汇：While（虽然，尽管；当时候

39、；而）；asas（与一样）；conformto（服从,遵守）；modempractice（现代实践）：seeas（把看作是）；recreate（再现，重现）参考译文：几乎每个历史学家对历史都有自己的界定，但现代历史学家的实践最趋向于认同这样一个定义，即把历史学看作是试图对过去重大事件的重现和解释。测试点：while让步状语从句；one指代关系；定语从句；动词短语72.Interest in historical methods has arisen less tlirough external challenge to the validity ofhistory as an intellec

40、tual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.结构分析：本句主语是Interest in historical methods,谓has arisen,后面接了两个并列的介词through和 fro m,考虑到并列结构词义对等，所以这两个介词的翻译可以考虑翻译成一-个意思。第一个介词through后面是个很长的名词短语，核心名词是challenge,其后又接了几个介词分别做后置定语，to the validity of history as an intellectual discipli

41、ne,第二个介词 from 后面也接了一个名词短语 internal quarrels among historians themselves.核心词汇：Interest in historical methods对历史方法的关注（兴趣）；arisen来 自 于,产生 于;challenge质疑，挑战；validity真实性，正确性；as an intellectual discipline作为一门知识学问（一 个知识学科）；internal quarrels内部意见不统一，内部分歧。参考译文1：人们对历史研究方法产生兴趣,这与其说是因为外界对历史作为一门知识学科的有效性提出了挑战，还不与说历

42、史学家内部发生了争吵。参考译文2：人们之所以对历史研究的方法产生兴飕，主要是因为史学界内部意见不一，其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。测试点：介词并列结构；名词的后置定语73.During this transfer,traditional historical methods were augmented by additionalmethodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.结构分析：本句主干结构是个被动语态的简单句：methods were augmented

43、 by。最前面的介词短语during this transfer是个独立成份，介词by后面的宾语是additional methodologies,其后又接了一个过去分词做后置定语，介词短语in the historical study修饰前面的名词new forms ofevidence o核心词汇：transfer 转变；augmented 充实，补充；additional methodologies 新方法；designed to 用来；interpret阐释，解释，说明；Ihe new forms of evidence新的证据形式，根据上卜 文意思引申为在历史学研究中的新史料；in

44、the historical study在历史研究中。参考译文：在这种转变中，那些在历史研究中用来解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法。测试点：被动翻译成主动；名词后接过去分词做后置定语74.There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical workin general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.结构分析：本句可以拆

45、分为三段：There is no agreement/whether methodology refers to the conceptspeculiar to historical work in general/or to the research techniques appropriate to the variousbranches of historical inquiry.由此看出该句的主干结构是存在句There is no agreement,因为主语部分太长，整个结构应该采用顺序倒译方法。whether methodology refers to.or to 是主语agree

46、ment的同位语。在这个同位语里用了两个并列动词谓语refers to 和 or(refers)to,宾语是the concepts,其后面的形容词短语peculiar to historical work in general是它的定语；第二个宾语是 the research techniques,其后面的形容词短语 appropriate to the various branchesof historiced inquiry也是作它的定语。核心词汇：agreement 统一的意见,一致看法；whether.refers to.or to.是指.还是指.；theconcepts/pecul

47、iar to/historical work/in general(按后置定语的顺序倒译)一般的历史研究中的特有概念；the research techniques 研究手段；appropriate to 适用于，合适于；the various branches各个领域；historical inquiry历史探究参考译文：方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域所使用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。测试点：主语从句；动词并列结构和词组省略；名词后接形容词做后置定语75.It applies equally to traditional historians who v

48、iew history as only the external and internalcriticism of sources,and to social science historians who equate their activity with specifictechniques.结构分析：本句结构拆分为三段：It applies equally to traditional historians/who view history as only theexternal and internal criticism of sources,/and to social scien

49、ce historians who equate theiractivity with specific techniques.由此可以看出其主干结构是:It applies equally to.,and to.直译为：这既适应于又适应于，引申为这既存在于又存在于。第一个介词to 的宾语是traditional historians,其后又接了一个定语从句who view history a s.,第二个并列介词to 之前省略了与之相同的动词短语的applies equally,其后的宾语是social sciencehistorians,后面又接了定语从句 who equate their

50、 activity with specific techniqueso 在两个并列的定语从句里的动词短语view.as和 equate.with应该依据平行结构有时词义相等的方法，而把这两个动词翻译成相同的意思。核心词汇：h 是个人称代词，指代前面提到的这种谬论；traditional historians传统历史学家，历史传统派；view history a s 把历史看作是;sources源泉,引申为史料来源;social science historians社会科学历史学家，历史社科派；activity活动，引申为历史学研究活动，历史研究；equate.w ith把.等同于，认为.是；s

51、pecific techniques具体方法参考译文：这种谬论同样存在于历史传统派和历史社科派；前者认为历史就是史学界内部和外部人士对各种史料来源的评论，后者认为历史的研究是具体方法的研究。测试点：it指代；动词叩plies to 的并列和省略；定语从句；词组并列词义相等或相反1998年翻译真题精解版71.But even more important,it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past,for what they were seeing were the patterns and st

52、ructures that existed 15 billion years ago.结构分析：本句的主干是:主句It wasthat+for引导的原因状语从句。主句是强调句it wasthat被强调的部分the farthest是后面句子的状语，可以理解为scientists had been able to look thefarthest into the pasto For引导的原因状语从句是一个系表结构，what they were seeing是从句的中的主语，后面that引导的是定语从句，修饰前面的名词the patterns and structureso核心词汇：even m

53、ore important 更为重要的是；the patterns and structures（宇宙云的）形状和结构；15billion years ago 150 亿年前参考译文：但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。测试点：强调结构；主语从句；定语从句；词义表达72.The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang,first put forward inthe 1920s,to maintain its reign as

54、 the dominant explanation of the cosmos.结构分析：本句的主干结构是一个简单被动句：主语是The existence,谓语部分是was virtually requiredtoo first put forward in the 1920s是过去分词短语作插入语，修饰前面的名词the Big Bango逗号后面的不定式短语是动词required要求的，做具体补充说明。即动词谓语核心部分是be required to do stho核心词汇：virtually（实际上?儿乎）；put forward（提出）；in the 1920s（在二十年代）；maint

55、ain its reign as（保持作为的地位）;dominant（占主导地位的）；参考译文：巨大宇宙云的存在，实际上使二十年代首创的大爆炸论得以保持其宇宙起源论的主导地位。测试点：被动语态；插入结构；73.Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borneinstalments are closing in on such structures,and may report their findings soon.结构分析：本句主语是astrophysicists,谓

56、语是两个并列动词are closing in on和 may reporto分词短语working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments 做主语的后置定语。核心词汇：working with 使用，以为工作手段；ground-based detectors 陆基探测器；the South Pole 南极；balloon-borne instruments 球载仪器；are closing in on 正越来越近；structures 云系；findings观测结果参考译文：天体物理

57、学家使用南极陆基探测器及球载仪器，正越来越近地观测这些云系，也许不久会报告他们的观测结果。测试点：现在分词做后置定语；动词短语74.If the small hot spots look as expected,that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea,arefinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.结构分析：本句是个主从复合句，if引导的是条件句，其中look是谓语动词，逗号后面that开始的内容是主句部分，最后面的a refinemen

58、t of the Big Bang是前面名词another scientific idea的同位语，过去分词called the inflationary universe theory做后置定语，修饰前面的名词Ihe BigBango.核心词汇：hot spots（热点）；look as expected 是 look as they are expected 的省略，意思是“看上去和预想的一样。A refinement of the Big Bang是个特殊的名词结构，A 或 the+抽象名词+of就相当于这个名词的形容词形式，因此a refinement o f相当于形容词refined

59、,再匕如the monotony oflife 相当 T*the monotonous life。The inflationary universe theory 宇宙膨胀理论。参考译文：假如那些小热点看上去同预想的一致，那就意味着又一科学观点的胜利，这种观点即一种完美的大爆炸论，也称宇宙膨胀理论。测试点：条件句翻译；同位语的翻译；特殊名词短语的翻译75.Odd though it sounds,cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of somerespected ideas in elementary-part

60、icle physics,and many astrophysicists have been convinced forthe better part of a decade that it is true.结构分析：本句的主干结构是由and连接的并列两个分句，第一个分句是：倒装的让步状语从句+逗号后的主句。Odd though it（it 指代后面的名词 cosmic inflation）sounds=though it sounds odd,主句后面的主语是cosmic inflation,谓语是i s,其后是表语a scientifically plausibleconsequence

61、,该名词后接了很长的后置定语 of some respected ideas in elementary-particlephysics,均 镂 词 and 后的主语是 many astrophysicists,谓语是被动语态 have been convinced,for the better part of a decade that it is true 是做时间状语。that it is true 是动词 convinced 的宾语从句。核心词汇：cosmic inflation 宇宙膨胀说；scientifically plausible consequence 科学上可信的结论;r

62、espected ideas 公认的观点；elementary-particle physics 基本粒子物理学；convinced 被说服，相信；for the better part of a decade 七八年来。参考译文：虽然宇宙膨胀理论听起来古怪，但它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的观点在科学上看来可信的结论。而且许多天体物理学家七八年来一直相信这一结论是正确的。测试点：倒装结构；句子并列；名词短语；1997年翻译真题精解版Do animals have rights?This is how the question is usually put.It sounds like a us

63、eful,ground-clearing way to start.71.Actually,it isnt,because it assumes that there is an agreedaccount of human rights、which is something the world docs not have.结构分析：本句的主干结构是个主从复合句，先是由because引导的原因状语从句，然后是由that引导的宾语从句，最后是由which引导的定语从句，引导词which修饰前面的哪个名词一般要看其后的谓语动词的单复数，在这个定语从句里which的谓语是i s,那 which应该是

64、限定前面的单数名词an agreed account,which也可以经常限定前面提到的整个句子。代词something后面又接了 一个主谓结构，也是一个定语从句，只不过是省略了引导词that。全句的主语是i t,它是个单数代词，因此应该往前去找单数名词，前面有一个结构对应的句子，该句子里也有i t,再往前找到单数名词the question,而 the question又指代最前面的第一个问句Doanimals have rights?因此It指代整个句子，这在考研翻译中特别常见。核心词汇：an agreed account（共同的看法，共识）；human rights（人权）参考译文：实际

65、上，这一问法并不存在/事实并非如此，因为这种问法认为这儿存在一种对人权的共同认识，而这种共同认识在世界上并不存在。测试点：代词指代；原因状语从句：宾语从句；定语从句：72.Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract,as part of an exchangeof duties and entitlements.结构分析：本句的主谓是some philosophers argue,后面是that引导的宾语从句，在宾语从句里，rights是主语，exist是谓语，后面接了两个介词，一个是withi

66、n（在 之中），另一个是as（作为），as后面接了个名词+介词+名词+介词+名词的翻译常考结构，翻译时由后往前翻译就行。核心词汇：social contract（社会契约）;duties and entitlements（责任与权利）参考译文：有些哲学家认为，权利只是存在于社会契约之中，并作为责任与权利相交换的一部分。测试点：宾语从句；名词短语The point is this:without agreement on the rights of people,arguing about the rights of animals isfruitless.73.It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset:it invites you to think that animalsshould be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans,or with noconsideration at all.结构分析：本句主语是个代词，它指代前面出现