考研翻译长难句

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1、考研长难句 一(2008-02-03 17:22:14)标签：教育第二，第三，第四部分请在博文里找！1、If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cupand professional ranks,you would find this strange phenomenon to be even morepronounced.参考译文：如果你调查了参加世界杯并且是专业级别的欧洲国家的青年队，你就会发现这种奇怪的现象会更加明显。2、This success,coupled with lat

2、er research showing that memory itself is notgenetically determined,led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is moreof a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.参考译文：这个成功以及后来的研究这些研究表明记忆本身并不是由基因决定的一一导致爱立信得出一个结论，即：记忆活动与其是一个直觉还不如说是一个认知活动。3、They gather all the data they can,not just performa

3、nce statistics andbiographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments withhigh achievers.参考译文：他们收集了他们所能收集的一切数据，这些数据不仅包括所统计的表现活动和生物信息，而且也包括了他们的成果极高的实验室的实验结果。4、It is not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numericalpatterns suits one to answer ques

4、tions that have eluded some of the best poets andphilosophers.参考译文：那些能够形象地描述事物和勾画出无数模式的能力是如何让一个人能够回答那些最好的诗人和哲学家都能不能回答的问题的，这一点还不是很明显。5、Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal ski 1 Isbut fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge,components also criticalto pro

5、blem solving and life success.参考译文：斯顿伯格指出传统的测试能最好的评估出分析能力和语言能力而不能衡量个人的创造性和实际才能以及那些对于解决问题和成功人生也极其重要的因素。6、A n y o n e w h o h a s t o i l e d t h r o u g h S A T w i l l t e s t i f y t h a t t e s t-t a k i n g s k i l l a l s o m a t t e r s,w h e t h e r i t s k n o w i n g w h e n t o g u e s s o

6、r w h a t q u e s t i o n s t o s k i p.参考译文：那些凡是参加过S A T考试的人都会证明考试技巧也是很重要的，即是否知道什么时候该猜测答案或者什么样的问题该跳过去。7、P r e s i d e n t B u s h c a m p a i g n e d t o m o v e S o c i a l S e c u r i t y t o a s a v i n g-a c c o u n t m o d e l,w i t h r e t i r e e s t r a d i n g m u c h o r a l l o f t h e i

7、 r g u a r a n t e e d p a y m e n t s f o r p a y m e n t s d e p e n d i n go n i n v e s t m e n t r e t u r n s.参考译文：布什总统致力于将社会保障转变为帐户储蓄模式，在这个模式里，退休人员能够大量交易或者他们所有的付出的汇报依赖于他们的投资收益。8、D uri n g th e pa st g e n e ra ti o n,th e A m e ri c a n m i d d l e-c l a ss f a m i l y th a t o n c e c o ul d

8、c o un t o n h a rd wo rk a n d f a i r pl a y to k e e p i tse l f f i n a n c i a l l y se c ure h a s b e e ntra n sf o rm e d b y e c o n o m i c ri sk a n d n e w re a l i ti e s.参考译文：在过去的2 0多年时间里，那些曾经依靠辛勤工作和公平竞争以保证自己财政收支安全的美国中产阶级家庭已经为经济冒险和新的现实所改变。9、T h e 19 9 0 C e n sus re ve a l e d th a t“a

9、 m a j o ri ty o f i m m i g ra n ts f ro m e a c h o f th e f i f te e nm o st c o m m o n c o un tri e s o f o ri g i n spo k e E n g l i sh “we l l o r ave ry we l ln a f te r te nye a rs o f re si d e n c e.”参考译文：19 9 0年的人口调查显示，“大多数来自15个移民大国的移民居住10年之后英语达到了”好“或者”很 好“的水平。”10 I t s a l l d e l i c

10、i o usl y i ro n i c wh e n yo u c o n si d e r th a t S h a k e spe a re,wh o e a rn s th e i rl i vi n g,wa s h i m se l f a n a c to r(wi th a b e a rd)a n d d i d h i s sh a re o f n o i se-m a k i n g.参考译文：想想给他们带来生机的莎士比亚本人就是一个演员(而且留胡子)，他也曾经发出过声音，你就会觉得这一切颇具讽刺意味。11、I t wo ul d b e a sh a m e to r

11、a i se pri c e s to o m uc h b e c a use i t wo ul d d ri ve a wa y th eyo un g pe o pl e wh o a re S tra tf o rd?s m o st a ttra c ti ve c l i e n te l e.参考译文：大幅涨价让人感到羞耻，因为那样会赶跑年轻人，而他们是斯特拉福德最具吸引力的顾客。12、T h e i r m e th o d s d o n o t a tte m pt to e sti m a te th e a c tua l b i o m a ss(th e a m

12、o un t o f l i vi n gb i o l o g i c a l m a tte r)o f f i sh spe c i e s i n pa rti c ul a r pa rts o f th e o c e a n,b ut ra th e rc h a n g e s i n th a t b i o m a ss o ve r ti m e.参考译文：他们的研究方法并不是想估计出某些特定地区的实际生物量（活的生物总量），而是估计出这些生物量随着时间发生的变化。13 A c c o rd i n g to th e i r l a te st pa pe r pub

13、l i sh e d i n N a ture,th e b i o m a ss o f l a rg epre d a to rs（a n i m a l s th a t k i l l a n d e a t o th e r a n i m a l s）i n a n e w f i sh e ry i s re d uc e d o na ve ra g e b y 8 0%wi th i n 15 ye a rs o f th e sta rt o f e xpl o i ta ti o n.参考译文：根据他们在 自然杂志上发表的最新论文，一个新的渔场大型捕食者（杀死并吃掉其他动

14、物的动物）在开发的头15年平均减少8 0%。14、T h a t m e a n s a h i g h e r p r o p o r t i o n o f wh a t i s i n t h e s e a i s b e i n g c a u g h t,s o t h er e a l d i f f e r e n c e b e t we e n p r e s e n t a n d p a s t i s l i k e l y t o b e wo r s e t h a n t h e o n e r e c o r d e db y c h a n g e s i

15、n c a t c h s i z e s.参考译文：这意味着更高比例的海洋生物正在遭到捕获，因此今昔之间的真正差别可能比通过捕获量的变化记录的差别更大。15、S o m e i n d i vi d u a l s wo u l d t h e r e f o r e n o t h a ve b e e n c a u g h t,s i n c e n o b a i t e d h o o k swo u l d h a ve b e e n a va i l a b l e t o t r a p t h e m,l e a d i n g t o a n u n d e r e s

16、 t i m a t e o f f i s h s t o c k si n t h e p a s t.参考译文：有些因此可能会逃过一劫，因为那时没有带诱饵的鱼钩抓它们，这样就低估了过去的鱼的储量。16 T h e n o t i o n i s t h a t p e o p l e h a ve f a i l e d t o d e t e c t t h e m a s s i ve c h a n g e s wh i c h h a veh a p p e n e d i n t h e o c e a n b e c a u s e t h e y h a ve b e e

17、n l o o k i n g b a c k o n l y a r e l a t i ve l y s h o r tt i m e i n t o t h e p a s t.参考译文：意思就是说人们没有发现海里发生的巨大变化，因为他们相对来说只看了过去一小段时间。17、M a n y t h i n g s m a k e p e o p l e t h i n k a r t i s t s a r e we i r d a n d t h e we i r d e s t m a y b e t h i s:a r t i s t s*o n l y j o b i s t o

18、e x p l o r e e m o t i o n s,a n d y e t t h e y c h o o s e t o f o c u s o n t h e o n e st h a t f e e l b a d.参考译文：许多事情让人们认为艺术家是古怪之人，而最古怪的也许是：艺术家的唯一工作就是研究感情，而他们还往往选择研究那些感觉不好的感情。2 00518 Y e t p l e a s u r e a t y o u r o wn c a n va n i s h i f y o u l e a r n t h a t a c o l l e a g u e h a s

19、b e e n g i ve na b i g g e r o n e.I n d e e d,i f h e h a s a r e p u t a t i o n f o r s l a c k i n g,y o u m i g h t e ve n b e o u t r a g e d.参考译文：但是假如你得知你同事的工资涨的比你还多，你的那份高兴劲就会烟消云散，的确，如果他在大家眼里是个懒散的人，你甚至会勃然大怒。19 A b o ve a l 1,l i k e t h e i r f e m a l e h u m a n c o u n t e r p a r t s,t h

20、 e y t e n d t o p a y m u c h c l o s e ra t t e n t i o n t o t h e va l u e o f ug o o d s a n d s e r vi c e sw t h a n m a l e s.参考译文：最重要的是，向人类中的女人一样，它们比公猴更关心“货物和服务”的价值。2 0、H o we ve r,wh e n t wo m o n k e y s we r e p l a c e d i n s e p a r a t e b u t a d j o i n i n g c h a m b e r s,s ot

21、h a t e a c h c o u l d o b s e r ve wh a t t h e o t h e r wa s g e t t i n g i n r e t u r n f o r i t s r o c k,t h e i rb e h a vi o u r b e c a m e m a r k e d l y d i f f e r e n t.参考译文：然而当两只猴子被关在分开但相邻的两间屋子、让它们能互相看到对方用石块交换到什么物品时，他们的行为就明显不一样了。2 1、D o y o u r e m e m b e r a l 1 t h o s e y e a

22、r s wh e n s c i e n t i s t s a r g u e d t h a t s m o k i n g wo u l d k i l lu s b u t t h e d o u b t e r s i n s i s t e d t h a t we d i d n t k n o w f o r s u r e?参考译文：还记得那些年科学家说吸烟会要我们的命而怀疑者却坚持说我们并不肯定、证据没有说服力、科学没有定论么？2 2 B u t s c i e n c e d o e s p r o v i d e u s w i t h t h e b e s t a

23、v a i l a b l e g u i d e t o t h e f u t u r e,a n di t i s c r i t i c a l t h a t o u r n a t i o n a n d t h e w o r l d b a s e i m p o r t a n t p o l i c i e s o n t h e b e s tj u d g m e n t s t h a t s c i e n c e c a n p r o v i d e c o n c e r n i n g t h e f u t u r e c o n s e q u e n

24、c e s o f p r e s e n ta c t i o n s.”参考译文：但科学的确能为我们的将来提供最好的指导，而且最关键的是，关于现在采取的行动将来会产生什么样的结果，可促俄往往能做出最好的评判。2 3、A n d o n e l e a d i n g a u t h o r i t y s a y s t h a t t h e s e i n t e n s e l y p o w e r f u l m e n t a l e v e n t sc a n b e n o t o n l y h a r n e s s e d b u t a c t u a l l y

25、 b r o u g h t u n d e r c o n s c i o u s c o n t r o l,t o h e l p u ss l e e p a n d f e e l b e t t e r.参考译文：而一名顶级权威认为，这些极其强烈的大脑活动不仅可以抑制，实际上还可以受到有意识的控制，帮助我们睡眠，使我们感觉好一些。2 4 B e c a u s e o u r c o n s c i o u s m i n d i s o c c u p i e d w i t h d a i l y l i f e w e d o n t a l w a y s t h i n

26、ka b o u t t h e e m o t i o n a l s i g n i f i c a n c e o f t h e d a y s e v e n t s 一u n t i l,i t a p p e a r s,w e b e g i nt o d r e a m.参考译文：由于我们有意识的大脑里面全是日常生活，我们一般不去思考白天发生的事情的情感意义一一似乎直道我们开始做梦。2 5 R u s s i a n s h a v e a d e e p l o v e f o r t h e i r o w n l a n g u a g e a n d c a r r

27、y l a r g e c h u n k s o fm e m o r i z e d p o e t r y i n t h e i r h e a d s,w h i l e I t a l i a n p o l i t i c i a n s t e n d t o e l a b o r a t e s p e e c ht h a t w o u l d s e e m o l d-f a s h i o n e d t o m o s t E n g l i s h-s p e a k e r s.参考译文：俄罗斯人深爱着他们自己的语言，他们会把大段大段的诗背下来；意大利的政治

28、家们总是会精心准备他们的演讲，这在大多数英语演讲者的眼里似乎有些老土。2 6 I t s a n i n t e r a c t i v e f e a t u r e t h a t l e t s v i s i t o r s k e y i n j o b c r i t e r i a s u c h a sl o c a t i o n,t i t l e,a n d s a l a r y,t h e n E-m a i I s t h e m w h e n a m a t c h i n g p o s i t i o n i s p o s t e di n t h e d

29、 a t a b a s e.参考译文：这是一种互动性质的搜索器，访客可以键入自己的求职要求，比如地点、职务和薪水，数据库里张贴出相应的职位时就可以把电子邮件发出去。2 7 S o m e u s e t h e m t o k e e p a c l o s e w a t c h o n t h e d e m a n d f o r t h e i r l i n e o f w o r k o r g a t h e ri n f o r m a t i o n o n c o m p e n s a t i o n t o a r m t h e m s e l v e s w h

30、e n n e g o t i a t i n g f o r a r a i s e.参考译文：有的人用它来密切关注自己从事的行业的需求情况，或者搜集薪酬待遇方面的信息以便要求涨工资时有备无患。2 8 T h i s,f o r t h o s e as y et u n aw ar e o f s u ch a di s adv an t ag e,r ef er s t o di s cr i m i n at i o nag ai n s t t h o s e w h o s e s u r n am es b eg i n w i t h a l et t er i n t h e

31、 l o w er h al f o f t h e al p h ab et.参考译文：对于那些还不了解这种危害的人来说，它指的是对姓氏首字母位于字母表后半部分的人的歧视。2 9 M o s t o f h er cl i en t s s p en d$1 2 t o$5 0 w eek l y,b u t l as t m o n t h t w o l o n g t i m e cu s t o m er ss u dden l y s t o p p ed s h o w i n g u p.参考译文：她的客户多数每周花1 2到5 0美元，可是上个月两名老客户突然就不来了。3 0、

32、C o n s u m er s s eem o n l y co n cer n ed,n o t p an i ck ed,an d m an y s ay t h ey r em ai n o p t i m i s t i cab o u t t h e eco n o m y s l o n g-t er m p r o s p ect s,ev en as t h ey do s o m e m o des tb el t-t i g h t en i n g.参考译文：消费者似乎只是有些担心，还没有开始恐慌，并且很多人还说就在他们稍稍勒紧腰带的时候，他们对经济的长远前景还是很乐观

33、。3 1 Fr o m t h e b eg i n n i n g o f o u r h i s t o r y,s ay s Ho f s t adt er,o u r dem o cr at i c an d p o p u l i s tu r g es h av e dr i v en u s t o r ej ect an y t h i n g t h at s m el l s o f el i t i s m.参考译文：Ho f s t adt er说，从我们的历史一开始，我们的民主化和大众化冲动就迫使我们拒绝一切带有杰出人物统治论色彩的东西。32,Scientists n

34、eed to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates,whose argumentsare confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge andcare.参考译文：科学家需要对动物权利倡导者做出有力的回答，因为他们的观点正在混淆视听从而威胁到保健知识和医疗的向前发展。33 To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce thesetreatments,as

35、 well as new treatments and vaccines,animal research seems wastefulat best and cruel at worst.参考译文：对于那些不知道做这些医疗、研究新的治疗方法和疫苗就需要进行动物研究的人来说，动物研究说的最好听是浪费，说得最难听是残忍。34、They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor,lest animal rightsmisinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearan

36、ce of truth.参考译文：他们应该迅速回复读者来信，以免动物权利的错误信息不受质疑、披上真理的骗人外衣。35、The railroad industry as a whole,despite its brightening fortuning fortunes,s till does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keepup with its surging traffic.参考译文：整个铁路业尽管形式很好，其收入仍不足以支付日益增加的运输需求而必须做的资本投入。考研长难句 二(2

37、 0 0 8-0 2-0 3 1 7:2 6:5 2)标签：教育1.The American economic system is,organized around a basically private-enterprise,market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be producedby spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that theywant most.参考译文美国的经济是以基

38、本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。2.Thus,in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers,coupledwith the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize theirincomes,that together determine what shall be p

39、roduced and how resources are used to produce it.参考译文 因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。3.If,on the other hand,producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost,this willtend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers,which in turn will

40、 lower the price andpermit more consumers to buy the product.参考译文另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。4.In the American economy,the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership ofproductive resources but also certain rights,including the right to dete

41、rmine the price of a productor to make a free contract with another private individual.参考译文I 在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权，也指其他一些特定的权利，如确定个产品价格和与另 个私人个体（经济单位）自由签定合同的权利。5.At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are themost efficient,allowing personnel and sta

42、ffing assignments to be made accordingly.And they alsoidentify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.参考译文同时这些计算机记录下哪些时间是最忙的，哪些员工工作效率最高，这样就能相应地做出人员人事安排。而且它们（计算机）也能为促销活动找到那些拥有优先权的顾客。6.Numerous other commercial enterprises,from theaters to magazine publishers,from gas andelectric utilities to m

43、ilk processors,bring better and more efficient services to consumers throughthe use of computers.参考译文I 不计其数的其他商业企业，从剧院到杂志出版商，从公用燃气电力设施到牛奶处理厂，都通过计算机的使用给消费者带来更好、更有效率的服务。7.Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age Forthese children to develop to their full a

44、dult potential,their education must be adapted to thosedifferences.参考译文残疾儿童在许多关键方面都与其同龄人不同。为了让这些孩子发展其全部的成人后的潜能，他们的教育必须适应这些不同。8.The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past threedecades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens,whatever their

45、specialconditions,deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.参考译文在过去的30年中，公共教育中显示的对残疾儿童的巨大关注表明了我们社会中的一种中强烈的情绪，那就是所有的公民，不管其情况有多特殊，都应享有充分发展其能力的机会。9.It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price,therebyestablishing a firm home market and so making it po

46、ssible to provide for export at competitiveprices.参考译文它（广告）能够宜接帮助货物以比较合理的价格被迅速分销出去，因此可以（使公司）建立一个坚固的国内市场，同时也使以具有竞争力的价格提供出口变得可能。10.Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising,noregular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise o

47、f his advertisements.参考译文I 除去议会有27件法案来规范广告的条件，没有任何一个正式的广告商敢于推销一种商品却不能兑现其在广告中的承诺。11.If its message were confined merely to information and that in itself would be difficult if notimpossible to achieve,for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtlypersuasive-advertising wound b

48、e so boring that no one wound pay any attention.参考译文如果其信息只被局限于告知一一就广告而言，如果这不是完全不可能达到的，也是非常难做的，因为即便是一个诸如衬衫的颜色的选择这样的细节都会具有微妙的说服意味，那么广告就会如此地乏味以至于没有人会关注它。12.The workers who gets a promotion,the student whose grades improve,the foreigner wholearns a new language-all these are examples of people who have

49、measurable results to show forthere efforts.参考译文得到了升迁的工人们，成绩进步的学生，学会了 一门新语言的外国人一一这些都是那些有可衡量的结果宋显示其努力的人们的例证。13.As families move away from their stable community,their friends of many years,theirextended family relationships,the informal flow of information is cut off,and with it theconfidence that in

50、formation will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.参考译文I随着家庭离开他们原来稳定的社区，离开他们多年的朋友和扩展的家庭关系，非正式的信息流动被切断了，随之而去的是对在需要时能获得可靠和值得信赖的信息的信心。14.The individual now has more information available than any generation,and the task offinding that one piece of information relevant to his o

51、r her specific problem is complicated,time-consuming,and sometimes even overwhelming.参考译文现在每个人能够得到的信息比任何时代的人都多，而找到与他/她的特定问题相关的那一点信息的任务不仅复杂、耗时，有时甚至令人难以招架。亲爱的，你慢慢飞，小心前面带刺的玫瑰：亲爱的，你张张嘴，风中花香会让人沉醉；亲爱的；你跟我飞，穿过丛林去看小溪水，亲爱的来跳个舞，爱的春天不会有天黑。我和你缠缠绵绵翩翩飞，飞越这红尘用相随，追逐你一生，爱怜无歉悔，不辜负我的柔情你的美；我和你缠缠绵绵翩翩飞，飞越这红尘用相随等到秋风劲，秋叶落成

52、灰，能陪你一起枯萎也无悔。15.Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing,and problems in dispute canbe settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conferencesite.参考译文通过远程会议，专家知识可以在全世界范围内被分享，而争论的问题能够得到解决，同时相关人员也不必离开他们的家庭或工作跑到一个遥远的开会地点。16.The current pass

53、ion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clockproduces a two-layer system,in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their Btype fellows.参考译文现在这种让孩子们和其同学或时间竞争的热情导致了一个双层结构，在这个结构里面善于竞争的A 类好像在某个方面要比他们B 类的同辈更胜一筹。17.While talking to you,your could-be employer

54、 is deciding whether your education,yourexperience,and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your*wares*and abilitiesmust be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.参考译文在跟你谈话的时候，可能成为你的雇主的人就一直在衡量你的教育、经验和其他资格是不是值得他雇用你，而你的 商品 和能力一定要以一种有条不紊而且合情合理的相互关联的方式被展示出来。18.The Corpora

55、tion will survive as a publicly funded broadcasting organization,at least for thetime being,but its role,its size and its programs are now the subject of a nation wide debate inBritain.参考译文英国广播公司将作为一个公共基金支持的广播组织存在下来，至少目前会这样,但是它的角色、它的规模和它的节目现在在英国成了全国上下的讨论话题。19.The debate was launched by the Governmen

56、t,which invited anyone with an opinion of theBBC including ordinary listeners and viewer to say what was good or bad about the Corporation,and even whether they thought it was worth keeping.参考译文这场辩论是由政府发动的，政府请任何一个对英国广播公司有意见的人一包括普通的听众和观众一来说说这个公司好在哪里或坏在哪里，甚至要说说他们是否认为这个公司值得被保留下来。20.The change met the t

57、echnical requirements of the new age by engaging a large profess signalelement and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of familyfirms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.参考译文这种变化通过引入许多的专业因素从而适应了这个新时代的技术要求，并且它（这种变化）防止了效率的降低。这种效率的降低在精力充

58、沛的创业者之后的第二代和第三代人（领导公司）的时候，经常会毁掉那些家族公司的财富。21.Such large,impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbersand importance of shareholders as a class,an element in national life representing irresponsiblewealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners:and almos

59、t equally detached fromthe responsible management of business.参考译文这样巨大而非个人的对资金和产业的操纵极大地增加了股东的数量和他们作为一个阶级的重要性，这是国家生活中代表不负责任的财富的一个因素，这种财富不但远离了土地和土地拥有者的责任，而且几乎同样与公司的负责任的管理毫无关系。22.Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large comfortable*classeswho had retired on their incomes,and who h

60、ad no relation to the rest of the community except thatof drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders meeting to dictate their orders tothe management.参考译文像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本这样的城镇的涌现是为了给那些数量很多的“舒适”阶级提供居住场所。这些人依赖于其丰厚收入而不工作,他们除了分红和偶尔参加一下股东大会,向管理层口授一下自己的命令之外，跟社会的其他阶层毫无瓜葛。23.The shareholders”as s

61、uch had no knowledge of the lives,thoughts or needs of the workmenemployed by the company in which he held shares,and his influence on the relations of capitaland labor was not good.参考译文这样的“股东”对他拥有股份的公司所雇用的工人们的生活、思想和需求一无所知，而且他们对劳资双方的关系都不会产生积极的影响。24.The paid manager acting for the company was in more

62、 direct relation with the men and theirdemands,but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which theemployer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passingaway.参考译文代表公司的花钱雇来的经理与工人及其需求的关系更加直接，但是就连他对工人们也没有那种熟识的私人之间的了解。而在现在正在消失的古老家族公司的那

63、种更加家长式的制度下的雇主们却常常对他们的工人有这样的私人关系。25.Among the many shaping factors,1 would single out the countrys excellent elementaryschools:a labor force that welcomed the new technology；the practice of giving premiums toinventors;and above all the American genius for nonverbal,spatial*thinking about thingstechno

64、logical.参考译文在许多形成因素当中，我将挑选出这些：这个国家优秀的小学教育：欢迎新技术的劳动者们:奖励发明者的做法;而且最重要的是美国人在对那些技术性事物的非言语的、空间性的”思考方面的天赋。26.As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out,A technologist thinks about objects that can not bereduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions:they are dealt with in his mind by a visual,nonverbalprocess.The des

65、igner and the inventor.,are able to assemble and manipulate in their mindsdevices that as yet do not exist*.参考译文正如尤金弗格森所指出的那样：一个技术专家思考那些不能被简化成能被清楚的语言描述的东西。这些东西在他的思维中是通过种视觉的、非语言表述的过程宋处理的设计者和发明者能够在他们的脑中装配并操作那些还不存在的装置。27.Robert Fulton once wrote,nThe mechanic should sit down among levers,screws,wedges,

66、wheel,etc,like a poet among the letters of the alphabet,considering them as an exhibition of histhoughts,in which a new aiTangement transmits a new idea.参考译文罗伯特法欧特曾经这样写到：”一个技师会坐在杠杆、螺丝钉、楔子、轮子等等当小，就像一个诗人沉浸在字母表的字母中，把这些字母看成自己思想的展示，在这样的展示中，每种新的次序安排都传达了一种新的思想。”28.In the last three chapters,he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating.He describes their programs and,tactics,and,for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists,the extent of their deception and distortion may come