(完整版)2019年北京市中考英语试卷(含解析)

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1、2019年北京市中考英语试卷副标题题号IIIIIIIVV总分得分一、阅读理解（本大题共13小题，共26.0分）AExperiencing China Mike， CanadaI spent three months with my host family（接待家庭） in China It was a lifetime experience I was able to experience Chinese living and culture，from basic Tai Chi to Beijing Opera I even visited a famous traditional Chin

2、ese medicine hospital Now I have a better understanding of Chinese cultureJoanna， AustraliaI stayed with my host family for five months My host mother is a Chinese teacher and she is really warm-hearted With her help，my Chinese has improved a lot And I have got used to a new culture My favorite part

3、 of the experience was sharing my feelings in China with herBill， AmericaMy host mother is a wonderful cook! She makes me all kinds of traditional Chinese dishes They are tasty and I like them very much Just like me，my host parents love to learn about different cultures They often ask me questions a

4、bout life in AmericaCindy， GermanyRecently I took part in a program to study Chinese I lived with a host family in China for six months My host sister is a really hardworking student It was amazing to see how she made progress in English And a close relationship has developed between us1. Who visite

5、d a traditional Chinese medicine hospital？ _ A. MikeB. JoannaC. BillD. Cindy2. How long did Joanna stay with her host family in China？ _ A. Three monthsB. Four monthsC. Five monthsD. Six months3. Cindy thinks her host sister is _ A. a wonderful cookB. a responsible doctorC. a warm-hearted teacherD.

6、a hardworking studentBBlue LightningSally loved cars more than anything else This spring she thought of building a go-kart to enter for the Go-Go Race So she asked her dad for help Well， he said How about this： you do some research first and then come back to me with a design A week later， Sally bro

7、ught her notes and drawings to Dad She named her go-kart Blue Lightning Dad looked over her work， thinking Well， thats interesting， he said Have a try Just build Blue Lightning as youve designed Over three weekends of hard work， Sally turned her design into a real， working go-kart and painted it lig

8、ht blue Dad asked her to take it for a test drive Sally agreed After she did that， Sally drove back to Dad Well， she said Now I know why you wanted me to have a test drive Oh， do you？ he said Please share When I drove fast， there was a lot of pushback， she said I think its because of the lightning b

9、olt （闪电） shape Very good! Dad said So， why didnt you tell me about that problem in the first place？ Sally asked Dad laughed Wheres the fun in that？ If you give a man a fish， hell eat for a day But if you teach a man to fish， hell eat for a lifetime Sally said， I see Anyway， designing is half the fun

10、 ! Dad smiled Good Sometimes， learning happens during the process We learn how to do something right by doing it a few times first and making mistakes along the way That encouraged Sally and she worked even harder When she showed Dad her new go-kart， he nodded with pride Finally came the race Sally

11、wasnt worried about whether she would win-in her mind， she had already won， by building something better than ever before4. Sally thought of building a go-kart to _ A. practice drivingB. enter for a raceC. play with friendsD. do some research5. What did Sallys dad ask her to do after she built the g

12、o-kart？ _ A. To have a test driveB. To take a good restC. To give it a cool nameD. To paint it light blue6. Sallys story mainly tells us that _ A. winning a race is importantB. fishing brings us a lot of funC. driving experience is necessaryD. learning happens during the processCSometimes it seems t

13、hat time is flying Perhaps it doesnt need to feel this way Our experience of time can be possibly changed By understanding the psychological （心理学的） processes behind our different experiences of time， we might be able to slow down time a little One basic law of psychological time is that time seems t

14、o slow down when were exposed（接触） to new environments and experiences The law is caused by the relationship between our experience of time and the amount of information our minds process The more information our minds take in， the slower time seems to pass It follows， then， that we have different ex

15、periences of time in different situations In some situations， our life is full of new experiences Our minds process a lot of information and time seems to slow down In other situations， we have fewer new experiences and the world around us becomes more and more familiar（熟悉的） We become insensitive to

16、 our experience， which means we process less information， and time seems to speed up How can we slow down time？ Here are two suggestions Firstly， since we know that familiarity makes time pass faster， we can expose ourselves to as many new experiences as possible We can give ourselves new challenges

17、， meet new people， and expose our minds to new information， hobbies and skills This will increase the amount of information our minds process and expand （增加） our experience of time Secondly， and perhaps most effectively， we can give our whole attention to an experience-to what we are seeing， feeling

18、， tasting， smelling or hearing This means living through our senses rather than through our thoughts For example， on the way home， focus your attention outside of yourself， instead of thinking about the problems you have to deal with Look at the sky， or at the buildings you pass， traveling among the

19、m This open attitude to your experiences helps take in more information and also has a time-expanding effect To a certain degree， we can understand and control our experience of time passing Its possible for us to slow down time by expanding our experience of time7. According to the writer， we can e

20、xpand our experience of time by _ A. going to bed on timeB. traveling to new placesC. having dinner as usualD. printing the same materials8. What can we learn from the passage？ _ A. Being familiar with the world around helps us get more informationB. Understanding psychological time makes life pass

21、more quicklyC. We can take in more information by living through our sensesD. We should build a stronger relationship between time and us9. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？ _ A. Slow Down TimeB. Only Time Will TellC. Race Against TimeD. Time Will Not Come TwiceD How Mu

22、ch Can We Afford to Forget？In 2018， Science magazine asked some young scientists what schools should teach students Most said students should spend less time memorizing facts and have more space for creative activities As the Internet grows more powerful， students can access （获得） knowledge easily Wh

23、y should they be required to carry so much of it around in their heads？ Civilizations（文明）develop through forgetting life skills that were once necessary In the Agricultural（农业的）Age， a farmer could afford to forget hunting skills When societies industrialized， the knowledge of farming could be safe t

24、o forget Nowadays， smart machines give us access to most human knowledge It seems that we no longer need to remember most things Does it matter？ Researchers have recognized several problems that may happen For one，human beings have biases（偏见），and smart machines are likely to increase our biases Many

25、 people believe smart machines are necessarily correct and objective，but machines are trained through a repeated testing and scoring processIn the process， human beings still decide on the correct answers Another problem relates to the ease of accessing information When there were no computers， effo

26、rts were required to get knowledge from other people， or go to the library We know what knowledge lies in other brains or books， and what lies in our heads But today， the Internet gives us the information we need quickly This can lead to the mistaken belief-the knowledge we found was part of what we

27、 knew all along In a new civilization rich in machine intelligence， we have easy access to smart memory networks where information is stored But dependency on a network suggests possibilities of being harmed easily The collapse of any of the networks of relations our well-being（健康）depends upon， such

28、 as food and energy， would produce terrible results Without food we get hungry； without energy we feel coldAnd it is through widespread loss of memory that civilizations are at risk of falling into a dark age We forget old ways to free up time and space for new skillsAs long as the older forms of kn

29、owledge are stored somewhere in our networks， and can be found when we need them， perhaps theyre not really forgotten Still， as time goes on， we gradually but unquestionably become strangers to future people10. Why are smart machines likely to increase our biases？ _ A. Because they go off course in

30、testing and scoringB. Because we control the training process on them，C. Because we offer them too much informationD. Because they overuse the provided answers11. The ease of accessing information from the Internet _ A. frees us from making efforts to learn new skillsB. prevents civilizations from b

31、eing lost at a high speedC. misleads us into thinking we already knew the knowledgeD. separates the facts we have from those in the smart machines12. The word collapse in Paragraph 5 probably means _ A. a sudden failureB. the basic ruleC. a disappointing startD. the gradual development13. What is th

32、e writers main purpose in writing this passage？ _ A. To question about the standards of information storageB. To discuss our problems of communication with machinesC. To stress the importance of improving our memorizing abilityD. To remind us of the risk of depending on machines to remember二、完形填空（本大

33、题共8小题，共8.0分）Run for Class President Two months ago， when our class election（选举） started， I decided to run for class president I enjoyed speaking in public and got along well with people， so I felt it easy to win But I was (14)that people would feel bad for me if I lost I was busy preparing in the fo

34、llowing week My plan wasnt to make promises to do things I couldnt (15) but to show my class why I wanted to be president I put up my posters in hallways and in the classroom I also spent three hours writing my speech， saying that I was the one they could turn to whenever they had a problem Since I

35、was (16)prepared， I felt that my chances of winning were strong However， when I gave my speech on Election Day， the response （反应） wasnt what I had (17) Few people actually listened When it was my opponents （对手的）turn， everyone was screaming his name His speech was short， but all to the point By then，

36、 I realized I should have made mine shorter and clearer It was obvious who would (18) For the rest of the day， I felt like it was over I wanted to just go home and cry， but I made it through My(19) was right： I didnt win The next day， people were still talking about the election I just pretended （假装

37、） not to hear But later， things got better People(20)about the election and talked to me just as they did before I dont regret putting time and energy into the election because Ive learned that things arent always going the way I expect And moments of failure like this build (21) -since then Ive lea

38、rned to face disappointment and grown stronger14. A. boredB. afraidC. excitedD. hopeful15. A. compareB. rememberC. manageD. repeat16. A. fullyB. quicklyC. freshlyD. physically17. A. fearedB. facedC. mentionedD. pictured18. A. insistB. returnC. waitD. win19. A. suggestionB. predictionC. directionD. i

39、ntroduction20. A. forgotB. wroteC. caredD. discussed21. A. trustB. prideC. characterD. support三、单选题（本大题共12小题，共6.0分）22. MrWangiscomingtoourschoolIcantwaittosee（）A. herB. himC. itD. them23. Weplantedsomeflowersthegardenyesterday（）A. onB. toC. inD. of24. -Excuseme，isthisT-shirt？-Its88yuan（）A. howmuchB.

40、 howmanyC. howlongD. howold25. -Lily，_youfinishtheletterintenminutes？-Yes，Ican（）A. mustB. shouldC. needD. can26. Thiscapisnice，itdoesntlookgoodonme（）A. forB. soC. butD. or27. JulietakesgoodcareofthefamilydogSheisthanherbrother（）A. patientB. morepatientC. mostpatientD. themostpatient28. Samwithhisfri

41、endseveryweekend（）A. skatesB. isskatingC. hasskatedD. wasskating29. -Tom，whatsyourdaddoing？-Hemybike（）A. repairsB. willrepairC. hasrepairedD. isrepairing30. Ourschoollifealotsince2017Wehavemoreactivitiesnow（）A. changesB. changedC. willchangeD. haschanged31. IfyouwanttovisitthePalaceMuseum，Iticketsfo

42、ryoutomorrow（）A. willbookB. bookedC. havebookedD. wasbooking32. MyadviceonhowtosavepaperbymyclasslastMonday（）A. acceptsB. acceptedC. wasacceptedD. isaccepted33. -Didyounoticeinheroffice？-YesShewasgoingoverourwriting（）A. whatwasMissLindoingB. whatMissLinwasdoingC. whatdoesMissLindoD. whatMissLindoes四

43、、任务型阅读-简答（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）34. Huge Waves Destroying Arctic Ice Faster than Expected Ice covers much of the Arctic Ocean（北冰洋）Some pieces of ice are huge， like moving islands As temperatures have increased， however， some of the ice has begun to disappear Scientists have discovered huge waves（海浪）in the

44、arctic waters The waves were discovered by accident in May， 2010Scientist Aleksey Marchenko and his students set out on a trip They wanted to study the icy waters On May 2， the ship traveled east and stopped next to a large chunk of icearound 50 miles from the small island of HopenMarchenko prepared

45、 to lead his students out onto the Ice We were ready to go but when I went out， I discovered many cracks（裂缝）around， he remembers He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe The farther in they went， he thought， the harder the ice would become As they pushed forward，however， the ship

46、 experienced small waves， and then bigger onesSoon， the waves broke up the ice around the ship into thousands of smaller pieces Within an hour， Marchenko and his team saw a wave that was about 13 feet high The ships navigation（航行）system finally recorded the largest wavesThey were more than 20 feet i

47、n height The waves were so strong that they forced huge pieces of ice to jump up and down， breaking the ice into smaller pieces within just one hour Scientists had never imagined that the process could happen so fast The waves in these areas used to be small The speed and force of the huge waves the

48、re makes it impossible to know in advance when they are coming That could be dangerous for navigators and local communities who are unprepared for huge waves or depend on sea ice to protect them Wildlife like polar bears and walruses that depend on sea ice to live is also in danger Some scientists t

49、hink people will soon see even bigger waves in these icy watersAs waves break up ice， the seas will become more open， and the waves will get even stronger There are stormy times aheadWhen did Marchenko and his students discover huge waves in the arcticwaters？ _ Why did Marchenko and his students set

50、 out on the trip？ _ What did Marchenko decide to do to keep safe？ _ How high were the largest waves recorded by the navigation system？ _ What is Paragraph 7 mainly about？ _ 五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共30.0分）35. 假如你是李华，你们学校正在开展安全月宣传活动，倡议大家制作关于安全教育的主题海报，你们班交换生Peter给你发邮件询问相关事情请用英语回复一封邮件，告诉他海报上交的时间，并分享你设计海报的一些想法提示词

51、语：design，safetyrule，careful，protect，picture提示问题：Whenshouldyouhandintheposter？WhatwouldyouliketosharewithPeteraboutdesigningtheposter？DearPeter，Imgladtoreceiveyouremail _IfthereisanythingmorethatIcanhelpwith，pleaseletmeknowYours，LiHua36. 自律，即自我约束，是自我提升的一种途径，有助于我们成长，促使我们不断前行 某英文网站正在开展以自律为主题的征文活动假如你是李华

52、，请用英语写一篇短文投稿，谈谈为了增强自律意识，你做过什么，以及这样做给你带来的好处提示词语：self-disciplined（自律的），plan，goal，habit，improve 提示问题：Whatdidyoudotobeself-disciplined？ Whatbenefitshaveyougotfromdoingso？ Self-disciplineplaysanimportantroleinourlife _答案和解析1.【答案】【小题1】A【小题2】C【小题3】D【解析】1A细节理解题根据IevenvisitedafamoustraditionalChinesemedicine

53、hospital我甚至参观了一家著名的中医医院，结合表格内容，可知是Mike参观了一家著名的中医医院，故选A 2C细节理解题根据Istayedwithmyhostfamilyforfivemonths我和我的寄宿家庭呆了五个月，可知是5个月，故选C 3D细节理解题根据Myhostsisterisareallyhardworkingstudent，可知她认为寄宿家庭的姐姐是一个非常用功的学生，故选D文章主要讲了3个外国学生在中国的学习经历首先要通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合排除法逐一选出答案最后再通读全文，核对答案4.【答案】【小题1】B【小题2】A【

54、小题3】D【解析】1B 细节理解题 线索句为：This spring she thought of building a go-kart to enter for the Go-Go Race意为今年春天她打算做一个卡丁车参加卡丁车赛结合句意可知，Sally做卡丁车的目的，就是为了参加比赛，故选：B 2A 细节理解题 线索句为： Over three weekends of hard work， Sally turned her design into a real， working go-kart and painted it light blue Dad asked her to take

55、 it for a test drive意为在三个多星期的艰苦工作之后，Sally把她的设计变成了一辆真正的、能够运转的卡丁车，并且把它涂成了浅蓝色父亲叫她带它做第一次试驾，结合句意可知，在她做完了卡丁车之后，她的父亲叫她测试驾驶，故选：A 3D 主旨大意题 线索句为：Good Sometimes， learning happens during the process意为 很好，有时候，在作事的过程中，我们就会学到东西结合句意可知，学习发生在作事的过程之中，故选：D这篇文章，通过Sally制作卡丁车的小故事，告诉我们凡事要去动手做，在做的过程中，我们一定会有所收获面对此类试题，要擅长从文中找

56、出解答的线索，同时，要掌握全文大意，结合文意进行作答7.【答案】【小题1】B【小题2】C【小题3】A【解析】（1）B 细节理解题根据Firstly， since we know that familiarity makes time pass faster， we can expose ourselves to as many new experiences as possible We can give ourselves new challenges， meet new people， and expose our minds to new information， hobbies and

57、 skills，首先，因为我们知道熟悉会让时间过得更快，所以我们可以让自己接触尽可能多的新体验我们可以给自己新的挑战，认识新的人，让我们的头脑接触新的信息、爱好和技能，可知要拓宽对时间的体验可以去接触新事物，比如去新的地方旅游，故选B （2）C细节理解题根据 This means living through our senses rather than through our thoughts For example， on the way home， focus your attention outside of yourself， instead of thinking about th

58、e problems you have to deal with Look at the sky， or at the buildings you pass， traveling among them This open attitude to your experiences helps take in more information and also has a time-expanding effect这意味着通过我们的感官而不是思想生活例如，在回家的路上，把你的注意力集中在你自己之外，而不是思考你必须处理的问题看看天空，或者你路过的建筑，在它们中间穿行这种对你的经历的开放态度有助于吸

59、收更多的信息，也有一种时间扩张的效果，可知通过感官，我们可以吸收更多的信息，故选C （3）A主旨大意题根据 How can we slow down time？ Here are two suggestions我们怎样才能放慢时间？这里有两个建议，结合文章内容，文章介绍了心理学研究发现熟悉的事物会让时间过得很快，并讲了如何放慢时间，故选A文章介绍了心理学研究发现熟悉的事物会让时间过得很快，并讲了如何放慢时间首先要通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合排除法逐一选出答案最后再通读全文，核对答案10.【答案】【小题1】B【小题2】C【小题3】A【小题4】D【解析

60、】1B 内容理解题根据第三段 smartmachinesarelikelytoincreaseourbiasesManypeoplebelievesmartmachinesarenecessarilycorrectandobjective，butmachinesaretrainedthrougharepeatedtestingandscoringprocessIntheprocess，humanbeingsstilldecideonthecorrectanswers智能机器可能会增加我们的偏见许多人认为智能机器必然是正确和客观的，但是机器是通过反复的测试和评分过程来训练的在这个过程中，人类仍然

61、决定正确的答案，可知因为是技术人员操纵着智能机器，故选B 2C 内容理解题根据第四段 Buttoday，theInternetgivesustheinformationweneedquicklyThiscanleadtothemistakenbelief-theknowledgewefoundwaspartofwhatweknewallalong但是今天，互联网迅速给了我们我们需要的信息这可能导致错误的信念-我们发现的知识是我们一直以来所知道的知识的一部分，可知会导致人们错误的认为自己已经知道了知识，故选C 3A 内容理解题根据 suchasfoodandenergy，wouldproduceterribleresultsWithoutfoodwegethungry；withoutenergywefeelcoldAnditisthroughwidespreadlossofmemorythatcivilizationsareatriskoffallingintoadarkage比如食物和能源，会产生可怕的结果没有食物，我们会挨饿；没有能量，我们会感到寒冷正是由于记忆的广泛丧失，文明有陷入黑暗