国际商务英语第一课考点与重难点解析

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1、国际商务英语第一课考点和重难点解析Lesson One考点解析1.商务知识1）major differences between international business and domestic business（国际商务与国内商务的主要不同点）A.differences in legal system（法律体系的不同）：The countries involved often have differentlegal systems,and one or more parties will have to adjust themselves to operate in complianc

2、ewith the foreign la w.不同的国家通常拥有不同的法律体系，参与商务的一方或几方不得不根据外国的法律来调整自己的经营活动。B.differences in currencies（货币的不同）：Different countries usually use different currenciesand the parties concerned will have to decide which currency to use and do everything necessaryas regards conversion e tc.不同的国家通常使用不同的货币，参与商务的

3、有关方必须选择使用哪种货币，就兑换等事宜作好一切必要的工作。C.differences in cultural background 文化背景的不同）:+Cultural differences including language,customs,traditions,religion,value,behavior etc.often constitute challenges and even traps forpeople engaged in international business.文化差异包括语言、习俗、传统、宗教、价值观和行为方式的不同，往往给从事商务的人构成挑战甚至陷阱。0

4、.differences in natural and economic conditions（自然条件与经济条件的不同）：Countries varyin natural and economic conditions and may have different policies towards foreign trade andinvestment,making international business more complex than domestic business.不同的国家自然条件和经济状况不同，对待外国贸易和投资的政策不同，这也使国际商务比国内商务更加复杂。2）majo

5、r types of international business（国际商务的主要类型）A.trade（贸 易）modity trade（商品贸易）：Commodity trade refers to exporting and importing goodsproduced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another.It is also referredto as visible trade.商品贸易指在一国生产或制造的商品，出口或进口到另一国消费或转售。这种贸易形式也称作有形贸易。b.servic

6、e trade（服务贸易）:Service trade refers to trade of transportation,communication,banking,insurance,consulting,information e tc.服务贸易是一种以运输、通讯、银行业、保险、咨询、信息业等出现的贸易形式。这种贸易形式也称作无形贸易。B.investment（投 资）a.foreign direct investment（夕木国直接投资）:Foreign direct investment is made for returnsthrough controlling the enter

7、prises or assets invested in in a host country.勺卜国直接投资通过控制其投资在他国的企业和资产获得回报。b.portfolio investment（证券投资）:Portfolio investment refers to purchases of foreign financialassets for a purpose other than controlling.Such financial assets may be stocks,bonds orcertificates of deposit.证券投资指不以控制为目的而购买国外的金融资产，

8、这样的金融资产可以是股票、债券或定期存款单。C.other types（其他类型）a.licensing and franchising（国际许可和特许经营）:In licensing,a firm leases the right to useits intellectual property to a firm in another country.Such intellectual property may be trademarks,brand names,patents,copyrights or technology.Under franchising,a firm,called

9、the franchisee,is allowed to operate in the name of another,called the franchiser who provides the former withtrademarks,brand names,logos,and operating techniques for royalty.国际许可艮|1 一家公司允许国外的公司使用它的知识产权。这种知识产权可以是商标、品牌、专利、版权或技术。在特许经营情况下，特许使用方获准以另一家公司即特许授予方的名义开展业务，后者则通过向前者提供商标、品牌、公司标志、经营技巧等获取特许使用费。b.

10、management contract and contract manufacturing（管 理 合 同 和 承 包 生 产）:Under amanagement contract,one company offers managerial or other specialized services to anotherwithin a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volume.Bycontract manufacturing,a firm can concent

11、rate on their strongest part in the value chain,e.g.marketing,while contracting with foreign companies for the manufacture of their products.根据管理合同，一家公司要在一定时期内向另一家公司提供管理和其他专门服务，从而收取一笔固定费用或收取相关业务总价值的一个百分比。通过承包生产，一家公司可以在价值链中发挥自身的强 项，例 如，可以与外国公司签订合同生产它的产品，自己则发挥营销优势。c.turnkey project and BOT（“交钥匙”工程和建造

12、经营 转 让）:For an international turnkeyproject,a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing,contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion.BOT is apopular variant of the turnkey project where B stands for build,O for operate

13、and T for transfer.For a BOT project,a firm operate a 伯ciHty for a period of time after building it up before finallytransferring it to a foreign company.“交钥匙”工程指一家公司与国外买方签订合同，由自己承担所有的设计、建造、装配设备等，在最后完工时将工程交给买方。BO T是“交钥匙”工程一种流行的变通方式。B 代表建设，0 代表经营，T 代表移交。在 BOT工程条件下，一家公司可以在工程竣工后运营一段时间，然后再最终转交给外国公司。2.生词

14、与短语1)transaction:n.a)a piece of business(一件)事 物,(一笔)交易The bank charges a fixed rate for each transaction.银行对办理的每件业务收取一定费用。b)the act of transacting 办 理,执行the transaction of business 业务处理transact:v.carry out(especially a piece of business or trade)处 理,办 理,做(尤指一笔交易)2)in compliance with:in the state of

15、obedience to a rule,agreement,demand,etc.月艮从;遵守The company said that it had always acted in compliance with environmental laws.公司说它向遵守环境法。3)for short:as a shorter way of saying it 简略简称My name is David,or Dave for short.我的名字叫戴维或简称戴夫。4)headquarters:n.a center of operations or administration 总部，经营或管理中心

16、The company has its headquarters in the suburbs.这家公司的总部设在郊区。5)logo:n.a small pattern or picture that is the sign of a particular organization(某个组织的)标识，标志The Longman logo,a small sailing ship,is on the cover of this book.本书的封面上印有朗文公司的小帆船标志。6)bonus:n.a sum of money or the equivalent given to an employ

17、ee in addition to the employeesusual compensation 红 利，奖 金,津贴Those who put in many hours of overtime will receive a percentage of their salary as a bonus.那些付出许多加班时间的人将得到相当于其工资的一部分作为奖金。7)flat:adj.a)fixed;unvarying 固定的;无变化的a flat ra te 固定的率利b)having a smooth,even,level surface平滑的，具有光滑、平坦且水平表面的a skirt s

18、ewed with fine flat seams 一条缝制得细密平整的裙子c)free of qualification;absolute 断然的;无条件的；绝对的a flat refusal断然的拒绝8)var变 形，变 体 9)factor:n.one that actively contributes to an accomplishment,a result,or a process 因素the factors determining the rise in interest rates决定利率上升的若干因素10)uncertainty:n.a)the condition of be

19、ing uncertain;doubt 不确定;怀疑I regarded my decision with growing uncertainty.我对自己的决定越来越怀疑。b)something uncertain 不确定的事物the uncertainties of modern life 现代生活的易变性11)trap:n.a stratagem for catching or trickingan unwary person 陷 阱，圈套The police set a trap for the thieves.警察设下了 圈套捉小偷。12)account for:a)to provi

20、de an explanation or justification 做出解释，提出理由The suspect couldn*t account for his time that night.嫌疑犯不能说明那天晚上他的时间安排。I want you to account for each sum of the money you spent.我要你说明你所花掉的每一笔钱的用途。b)to be the cause or origin of 是.原 因;占 North Sea oil accounts for a high proportion ofour export earnings.北海石

21、油占我国出口收入的很大一部分。13)other than:a)except;apart from 除了There was nothing we can do other than wait.我们除了等待之外，没有其他办法。You cant get there other than by boat.除了坐船，你无法去那里。b)anything but 决不是She can hardly be other than annoyed about it.她当然只会对此感到烦恼。14)on the part of:of or by someone/something在某人/某物方面，就某人/某物而言It

22、 was a mistake on the part of Jones to sign the contract without reading it.没看合同就签 了 字,那是琼斯的错误。15)advisable:adj.wise,worthy of being recommended or suggested 明智的，可取的It is not advisable just to sit there brooding about the unpleasant bygones.老是坐在那里闷闷不乐地想着过去那些不愉快的事情并不好。16)stand for:a)to represent;symb

23、olize 代 表;象征What does the B stand for?B 代表什么？b)to advocate or support 倡导或者支持stand for freedom of the press 倡导新闻自由c)to put up with;tolerate 接 受;容忍We will not stand for impertinent behavior.我们不会容忍不礼貌的行为。17)expertise:n.skill or knowledge in a particular area 专门技能,专门知识His business expertise w川 be of gre

24、at help to us.他的商业知识对我们会极其有用。3.商务术语1 ）customs area（关税区）：the area in which customs department is established and its functionis carried out independently指独立设置并行使海关职能的地区2）conversion（兑换）：the exchange of one type of security or currency for another3）gross domestic product（国内生产总值）：GDP measures the market

25、 value of all goods andservices produced within the geographic area of an economy GDP 指一区域所有商品和服务的市场价值4）stocks（股份）：the number of shares that each stockholder possesses5）bonds（债券）：a certificate of debt issued by a government or corporation guaranteeingpayment of the original investment plus interest

26、by a specified future date 由政府或公司发行的，保证一到将来明确的日期归还本金和利息的债务凭证6）maturity（票据或证券等的到期时间）:the time at which a note or bond is due7）certificate ofdeposit（存折）：a certificate from a bank stating that the named party has aspecified sum on deposit,usually for a given period of time at a fixed rate of interest 银

27、行开具的证明开户人有确定数额存款的证书，通常按固定利率存一定的期限8）trademark（商 标,牌号）：a name,symbol,or other device identifying a product,officiallyregistered and legally restricted to the use of the owner or manufacturer 标明产品的名字、符号或其他设计，经过正式注册，并只合法地限于其拥有者或制造商使用9）patent（专利权）：a grant made by a government that confers upon the creato

28、r of an inventionthe sole right to make,use,and sell that invention for a set period of time 政府授予发明者在一定时期内制造、使用和销售其发明品的唯一的权力10）royalty（版税;专利权税）：money paid to the owner of a copyright for permission to publishcopy right material and to the owner of a patent for permission to use a patented design,usu

29、.atan agreed percentage of the selling price of the product版税即为获得其版权使用许可支付给版权所有者或专利所有者的费用，通常以商品售价的百分比计算11）copyright（版权）:the legal right granted to an author,a composer,a playwright,a publisher,or a distributor to exclusive publication,production,sale,or distribution of a literary,musical,dramatic,or

30、 artistic w ork授予文学、音乐、戏剧或艺术作品的作者、作曲者、剧作者、出版商或独家经营出版、生产或销售的批发商的合法权利12）licenser（许可证颁发者）：one who grants a license13）licensee（许可证持有人）：one to whom or to which a license is granted14）franchiser（授予特权者）：one that grants a franchise.15）franchisee（特许经营者）:a firm or one who is allowed to operate in the name of

31、another 16）value chain（价值链）：the chain of activities by which a company buys in materials,creates agood or service,markets it,and provides services after a sale is made.Each step creates morevalue for the consumer价值链是一个企业购进材料、生产、销售、售后服务等一系列活动所构成的活动链条，每一个环节都为顾客创造更多的价值Lesson One课文难点详解1.The countries in

32、volved often have different legal systems,and one or more parties will haveto adjust themselves to operate in compliance with the foreign la w.不同的国家通常拥有不同的法律体系，参与商务的一方或几方不得不根据外国的法律来调整自己的经营活动。adjust:v.change so as to match or fit;cause to correspond 调 节,调 整;改变.以适应He adjusted himself very quickly to t

33、he heat of the country.他使自己很快适应了这个国家炎热的气候。adjust my w atch校准我的表involved:过去分词作定语修饰“the countries”。2.With the development of economic globalization,few people or companies can completelystay away from international business.随着经济全球化的发展，很少有人和公司能完全置身于国际商务之外。stay:v.(v.+adv./prep.)continue to be in a parti

34、cular place,position,or state;remain 保持原状;维持Stay away from my daughter.不要缠住我女儿。Stay away from the edge of cliff.不要靠近悬崖边。uWith the development o f：独立主格结构作整个句子的状语。3.Such investments can be class币 ed into two categories.国际投资可分为两大领域。classify:v.arrange or organize according to class or category 分类，分级The

35、books in the library are classified by/according to subject.图书馆的书是根据学科分类的。Biologists classify animals and plants into groups.生物学家把动植物归入不同的群体。4.In comparison with the relation between the licenser and the licensee,the franchiser has morecontrol over and provides more support for the franchisee.与许可授予方

36、和许可使用方的关系相比，特许授予方对特许使用方有更多的控制，也提供更多的支持。comparison:n.(with)the act of comparing 上匕较,对照The drivers injuries were trivial in comparison with those suffered by his passenger.司机受的伤与乘客相比就微不足道了。My garden doesnt stand/bear comparison with his.我的花园无法与他的相比。5.However,loss of control over the productionprocess

37、may give rise to problems in respect of quality and time of delivery,但 是，对生产过程失去控制却可能造成质量和交货期方面的问题。give rise to:to be the cause of;lead to something 弓 I起,导致Unhygienic conditions give rise to disease.卫生条件不好会导致疾病。International support has given rise to a new ptimism in the company.国际支持使公司重新乐观起来。7.Tran

38、slate the following into English:1)国际贸易和国内贸易在法制体系、货币、文化和自然条件与经济条件方面都有所不同。2）随着经济全球化的发展，无形贸易即使在发展中国家的国际贸易中所占的比例也逐渐增大。3)国际投资是国际商务的另一种重要形式，可分为外国直接投资和证券投资两大领域。4)对商务知识的了解可避免产生国际贸易活动中的一些问题。5)BOT是“交钥匙”工程的一种流行的变通形式。7.1)International business and domestic business are quite different in legal systems,currency

39、,culture and natural and economic conditions.2)With the development of economic globalization,invisible trade accounts for an increasingproportion of the world trade even in the developing countries.3)International investment is another form of international business and can be classified intotwo categories,foreign direct investment and portfolio investment.4)Knowledge of business will avoid giving rise to some problems in respect of internationalbusiness activities.5)BOT is a popular variant of the turnkey project.