最新医学英语医英immunesystemPPT课件
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1、医学英语医英医学英语医英immunesystemSmallpoxdeathsofanestimated300to500millionpeopleimmunesystemWhatisit?Whereisit?Howdoesitwork?Whatisimmunity?immunitynImmunesystemnImmuneresponsenImmunologynImmunologistnImmunodeficiencynImmunocompromisednIMMUNITYIMMUNIS(EXEMPT)Latin:ProtectionfromlegalprosecutionNow,inmedical
2、terms:freeofdisease.BubbleboyDavidVetter(19711984)http:/www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/bubble/peopleevents/p_vetter.htmlseverecombinedimmunodeficiency(SCID)InfectionLymphomacongenitalimmunodeficiencypresentatbirthHIVandAIDSnHIV-humanimmunodeficiencyvirusnAIDS-acquiredimmunedeficiencysyndromeARC:AIDS-relatedc
3、omplexARCisAprodromalphaseofeffectsphaseofinfectionwithHIV.Symptomscanincluderecurringfever,unexplainedweightloss,swollenlymphglands,diarrhea,orfungalinfectionofthemouth.CandidainfectionsOpportunityInfectionandCancernFungal,bacterial,viralandprotozoalinfectionnThemostfrequentopportunistictumour,Kapo
4、sissarcoma,isobservedin20%ofpatientswithAIDS.nMalignantlymphomasarealsofrequentlyseeninAIDSpatients.KaposissarcomaKaposissarcomaKaposissarcomaontheskinofanAIDSpatient.lymphomaFunctionsofImmunesystemnimmunedefencedefenseagaistinfectiousdiseasesnimmunesurveillancekillcancercellsnimmunehomeostasismaint
5、aininternalequilibriumWhereisimmunesystem?OrgansCellsMoleculesImmuneorgansCentralimmuneorgansnThesiteofgeneration,differentiationandmaturationoflymphocytesnincludingbonemarrowthymusBonemarrowHematopoieticstemcellMyeloidprogenitorLymphoidprogenitorFunctions:Thesiteofgenerationofallcirculatingbloodcel
6、lsThesiteofBcellmaturationhemo-+G.poisis,amakingThymusLocatedbetweenthebreastboneandheart.Function:TcelleducationPeripheralimmuneorgansandtissuesnThesitewherelymphocytesareresidentandresponsetoforeignantigensLymphnodesSpleenMALT(mucosal-associatedlymphoidtissue)SALTLymphnodesnLymphnodes-Smallbean-sh
7、apedglandsnLymph-fluidwithinlymphaticvesselsnLymphaticvessel-nLymphaticvessel-Lymphvesselsthatcarrylymphtoalymphnodearecalledtheafferentlymphvessel,andonethatcarriesitfromalymphnodeiscalledtheefferentlymphvessel,fromwherethelymphmaytraveltoanotherlymphnode,maybereturnedtoavein,ormaytraveltoalargerly
8、mphduct.CollectsexcesstissuefluidthroughoutbodyPurifiesitasitpassesthroughsystemReturnsittocirculatorysystemLymphnodesnMajorgroupsoflymphnodesarelocatedinthetonsils,armpits,neck,groinandmediastinum.Functions:nFilterharmfulsubstancesfromthetissuesnJohn,15/Mntoothachesinleftsideoffacenonedaylaternecka
9、lsostartedtohurt(onlyontheleftside)naftertakingthepenicillinfor2days,toothhasforthemostpartstoppedhurtingandfacedoesntachenearlyasmuchhisneckseemsmoreswollen.atoothabscessandlymphnodeswereswollenimmunesystemisworkingovertimefightingtheabscessSitesforLymphNodesNameLocationDrainsfluidfromAxillaryArmpi
10、tsArmsCervicalNeckHeadandneckInguinalGroinLegsandpelvisMediastinalChestWithinchestcavitySpleennintheupperleftabdomenFunctions:nmajorsiteofimmuneresponsetoblood-borneantigensnFiltersoutanddestroysoldredbloodcells,recyclingtheironMALT(mucosal-associatedlymphoidtissue)Tonsil（扁桃体）（扁桃体）,Peyerspatch（派氏（派氏
11、集合淋巴结）集合淋巴结）,appendix（阑尾）（阑尾）GALT(Gut)NALT(nasal)BALT(bronchial)Functions:LocalimmuneresponseSecretoryIgA(sIgA)ImmunecellsHematopoieticstemcellMyeloidprogenitorLymphoidprogenitorLympoid:Tlymphocyte;Blymphocyte;NaturalkillercellMyeloid:neutrophil;basophil;eosinophil;monocyte;redbloodcellNeutrophilsph
12、agocytosisMonocytesandmacrophagesAfterenteringintotissue,monocytesdifferentiateintotissuemacrophages.Playcentralrolesininnateandadaptiveimmunity,andareimportanteffectorcellsfortheeliminationofmicrobes.Functions:phagocytosis,intracellularandextra-cellularkilling,tissuerepair,antigenpresentationMonocy
13、tesandmacrophagesmacrophagesEosinophilscytoplasmicgranulesthatareeasilystainedbyeosinorotheraciddyes.associatedwithparasiticinfectionandallergicreactions.Basophilscytoplasmicgranulesthatareeasilystainedbybasicdyes.associatedwithparasiticinfectionsandallergicreactions.TandBLymphocytesNaturalKiller(NK
14、)cellsnalsoknownaslargegranularlymphocytes(LGL)nkillinfectedandmalignantcellsMoleculesnAntibodynComplementsnCytokinesAntibody&ImmunoglobulinPlasmacellNeutralizationClassesofIgnIgG;IgA;IgM;IgE;IgDComplementsystemcytokinesecretedproteinsthatworkasmediatorsofimmuneandinflammatoryreactions.Cytokinesprov
15、ideamechanismforcellsoftheimmunesystemto“talk”tooneanothertocoordinatearesponseHowdoestheimmunesystemwork?InnateandadaptiveimmunityFirstlineofdefense(nonspecific)secondlineofdefenseinnateimmunitynBarriersTheskinisanimportantphysicalbarrierthatprotectstheentirebodyfromexternalpathogens.Theacidinthest
16、omachservesasanaturalkillerordestroyerofpathogensthatenterthedigestivetract.ucirculatingcells(phagocytes，NKcells)ubloodproteinsandcytokinesInnateandadaptiveimmunityAdaptiveimmunity3Phases,2TypesnSpecificnacquired57 Recognition Activation EffectorHumoralimmunityCell-mediatedimmunityInnateandAdaptiveI
17、mmunityDose1Dose2:1monthDose3:6monthsHBV vaccine:61TheprimaryimmuneresponseFourphasesoftheprimaryresponsenalag phasewherenoantibodyisdetectednalog phaseinwhichtheantibodytiterriseslogarithmicallynaplateau phaseduringwhichtheantibodytiterstabilizesnaphase(decline)duringwhichtheantibodyisclearedCompar
18、isonofPrimaryandSecondaryResponsesHighHighaffinityaffinity63PrimaryandSecondaryResponsesdiffersignificantlyThepropertiesoftheprimaryandsecondaryantibodyresponsesdiffer.nTheprimaryresponsehasalonglagperiod,alogarithmicriseinantibodyformation,ashortplateau,andthenadecline.IgMisthefirstantibodyclasspro
19、duced,followedbyagradualswitchtootherclasses,suchasIgG.nThesecondaryresponsehasashorterlagtime,amorerapidlogarithmicphase,alongerplateauphase,andaslowerdeclinethantheprimaryresponse.MostlyIgGandotherisotypesareproducedinthesecondaryresponseratherthanIgM,andtheaverageaffinityofantibodyproducedishighe
20、r.Naturalimmunityoccursthroughcontactwithadisease.Artificial:contrivedbyartratherthannatureArtificial/naturalimmunizationPassive/activeimmunitynPassiveimmunityResultswhenapersonreceivesprotectivesubstancesproducedbyanotherhumanoranimalnActiveimmunityDevelopsimmunityfollowingdirectexposuretopathogenn
21、localtreatmentofthewoundnvaccinationnadministrationofrabiesimmunoglobulinpost-exposure prophylaxisLymphaticsystemLymphaticandimmunesystemnLymphaticSystemNetworkofvesselsthatpicksupexcesstissuefluid,cleansesit,andreturnsittocirculatorysystemPicksupfatsabsorbedbydigestivesystemnImmuneSystemFightsdisea
22、seandinfectionsLymphaticsystemnThelymphaticsystemconsistsofaconductingnetworkoflymphaticvessels,lymphaticorgansandlymph.nThemajor(encapsulated)lymphaticorgansarethelymphnodes.AnatomyandPhysiologynFirst,removesexcesstissuefluidCollectsexcesstissuefluidthroughoutbodyPurifiesitasitpassesthroughsystemRe
23、turnsittocirculatorysystemAnatomyandPhysiologynSecond,lymphvesselsaroundthesmallintestineassistwithfatabsorptionPicksupabsorbedfatsDeliverstocirculatorysystemTheselymphvesselsarecalledlacteals(乳糜管)AnatomyandPhysiologynThird,lymphaticandimmunesystemsworktogetherFormagroupofcells,tissues,organs,&molec
24、ulesDefenseagainstpathogensuIncludingforeigninvadersandowncellsthathavebecomediseasedLymphatic&ImmuneCombiningFormsnadenoid/oadenoidsnimmun/oprotectionnlymph/olymphnlymphaden/o lymphnodenlymphangi/o lymphvesselLymphatic&ImmuneCombiningFormsnpath/odiseasensplen/ospleennthym/othymusntonsill/otonsilsnt
25、ox/opoisonn-globulinglobalproteinWordBuildingwithadenoid/o&immun/oectomyadenoidectomy surgicalremovalofadenoidsitisadenoiditisinflammationofadenoidslogistimmunologistimmunityspecialistlymphadenectomysurgicalremovalofalymphnode;donetotestformalignancyormetastasisLymphatic&ImmuneVocabularyallergenanti
26、gencausinganallergicreactionallergistphysicianwhospecializesintestingforandtreatingallergiesallergyhypersensitivitytoacommonsubstanceautoimmunediseasediseaseresultingfromimmunesystemattackingitsownbodyisifapathogen;examplesincluderheumatoidarthritisandsystemiclupuserythematosusLymphatic&ImmuneVocabu
27、laryhivesappearanceofwhealsaspartofallergicreactionhumanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV)virusthatcausesAIDS;knownasaretrovirusimmunocompromisedimmunesystemthatdoesnotfunctionproperly;alsocalledimmunodeficiencydisorderimmunoglobulinsantibodies;assistinprotectingthebodyLymphatic&ImmuneVocabularyimmunologybr
28、anchofmedicineconcernedwithtreatingimmunesystemdisordersinflammationtissuesresponsetoinjury;redness,pain,swelling,andfeelinghottotouchlymphedemaexcessivetissuefluidduetoblockedlymphaticflowurticariasevereitchingassociatedwithhivesLymphaticandImmuneAbbreviationsAIDSacquiredimmunodeficiencysyndromeARC
29、AIDS-relatedcomplexELISAenzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassayGVHDgraftvs.hostdiseaseHDHodgkinsdiseaseHIVhumanimmunodeficiencyvirusLymphatic&ImmuneAbbreviationsIgimmunoglobulinKSKaposissarcomamonomononucleosisNHLnon-HodgkinslymphomaNKnaturalkillercellsPCPPneumocystis cariniipneumoniaSCIDseverecombinedimmunodeficiencysyndrome结束语结束语谢谢大家聆听！谢谢大家聆听！84
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