HermanMelville作家及作品介绍

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1、Puritanism(Calvinism),Transcendentalism,Symbolism,IndividualismHermanMelville(1819-1891)HermanMelville(1819-1891)1)Novelist2)Symbolism+allegory3)Moby-Dick(awhitewhale):Hisbestworkandmasterpiece;thefirstAmericanproseepic.（散文体史诗）Melvillesmajorworks1)Earlyworks:Mardi;Redburn;White Jacket Moby-Dick2)Lat

2、eworks:Pierre;Billy BuddMelvillesviewpoints1.ApartfromHawthorne,whoseblackvisionregardingtheevilofhumanbeingshadinsomewaychangedMelvillesoutlookonlifeandwhoseallegoricalwayofexpositionhadaffectedhiswritingtechniques,ShakespeareantragicvisionandEmersionianTranscendentalismalsoproducedsomepositiveeffe

3、ctofhiswriting.Melvillesviewpoints2.Intheearlyones,Melvilleismoreenthusiasticaboutsettingoutonaquestforthemeaningoftheuniverse,hencetheyaremoremetaphysical形而上学的,超自然的andthemaincharactersareardent激烈的andself-dramatizing自我中心的“I”,defyingGod,asbestreflectedonMoby-Dick;whileinthelateworks,Melvillebecomesmo

4、rereconciledwiththeworldofman,inwhich,headmits,onemustlivebyrules.2001.4n29.MostofHermanMelvillesnovelsarebasedonseavoyagesandseaadventures.Whichofthefollowingisnotthecase?A.Typee.B.Moby-Dick.C.Omoo.D.TheConfidence-ManMoby-DickisregardedasthefirstAmericanproseepic.AnalysisofMoby-Dick1.Thestory2.Them

5、e:surfaceanddeepinterpretations3.Structure:acombinationofromanticismandrealism4.Symbolismandallegory5.Artisticfeatures:1)Languagestyle;2)writingstyle6.Theexcerpt1.ThestoryThestorygoesroughlyasfollows.TheoutcastyouthIshmael,feelingdepressed,seeksescapebygoingouttoseaonthewhalingship,Pequod.Thecaptain

6、isAhab,themanwithoneleg.Moby-Dick,thewhitewhale,hadshearedoff折断hislegonapreviousvoyage,andAhabresolvestohunthimtothekill.Hehangsadoubloon（古金币）onthemastasrewardforanyonewhosightsthewhalefirst.ThepequodmakesagoodcatchofwhalesbutAhabrefusestoturnbackuntilhehaskilledhisenemy.1.ThestoryEventuallythewhale

7、appears,thePequodbeginsitsdoomedfightwithit.Onthefirstday,thewhaleoverturnsaboat;ontheseconditswampsanother.Ehenthethirddaycomes,Ahabandhiscrewmanagetoplunge使插入aharpoonintoit,butthewhalecarriesthe Pequodalongwithittoitsdoom.Allonboardthewhaleshipgetdrowned,exceptone,Ishmael,whosurvivestotellthetale.

8、2.Theme:surfaceanddeepinterpretations1)Surfaceinterpretation:Thestoryisnotcomplicated,dealingwithAhab,amanwithanoverwhelmingobsessiontokillthewhalewhichhascrippledhim,onboardhisshipPequodinthechaseofthebigwhale.Thedramaticdescriptionofthehazardsofwhalingmakesthebookaveryexcitingseanarrativeandbuilds

9、aliterarymonumenttoaneraofwhalingindustryinthenineteenthcentury.2.Theme:surfaceanddeepinterpretations2)DeepinterpretationButMoby-Dickisnotmerelyawhalingtaleorseaadventure,consideringthatMelvilleisagreatsymbolist.Itturnsouttobeasymbolicvoyageofthemindinquestofthetruthandknowledgeoftheuniverse,aspirit

10、ualexplorationintomansdeeprealityandpsychology.3.Thestructure:acombinationofromanticismandrealismItisamixtureoffantasy（幻想）andrealismbasedupontheSouthPacificwhalingindustry;itmightbereadasaninitiation（beginning）storyaboutIshmael,theoutcast,findinghimselfinarealworldofhardworkanddangerandanunrealworld

11、ofspeculation（思索）andmystery;3.Thestructure:acombinationofromanticismandrealismmoreover,itisafabulous寓言般的dramatization戏剧化的表现ofAhabsobsesseddeterminationtorevengehimselfinthepursuitofoneparticularwhalewhohaspreviouslydestroyedhisboatandhumiliatedhimbyrippingoffoneofhislegs.4.SymbolismandallegoryLikeHa

12、wthorne,Melvilleisamasterofallegoryandsymbolism.Differentpeopleonboardtheshiparerepresentationsofdifferentideasanddifferentsocialandethnicgroups;Factsbecomesymbolsandincidentsacquireuniversalmeanings.1)thePequodisthemicrocosm（微观世界）ofhumansociety.2)Thevoyagebecomesasearchfortruth.4.Symbolismandallego

13、ry3)Thewhitewhalemeansmanythings:ToMelville,itsymbolizesnature,foritiscomplex,unfathomable,malignant恶性的,andbeautifulaswell.ToAhab,itrepresentsevil.Moby-Dickislikeawall,hidingsomeunknown,mysteriousthingsbehind.Ahabpursuedthewhalesoastopiercethewall,torootouttheevil,butonlytobedestroyedbyevil,inthisca

14、se,byhisowndesire,hismadness.4.SymbolismandallegoryTotheauthor,thereaderandIshmael,thenarrator,MobyDickisamystery,amysteryofuniverse,inscrutable难以了解的andambivalent矛盾的,andthevoyageofthemindwillforeverremainasearch,notadiscovery,ofthetruth.5.Artisticfeatures1)LanguagefeaturesMoby-Dickisregardedasthefir

15、stAmericanepic.Althoughitispresentedintheformofanovel,attimesitseemslikeaprosepoem.Itisdifficulttoreadbecausemuchofthetalkinthenovelissailorstalkandmuchofthelanguageispurposelyold-fashionedandElizabethan.5.Artisticfeatures2)Writingstyle(1)Symbolism(2)Melvillesgiftsoflanguage,invention,psychologicala

16、nalysis,speculativeagility思维的敏捷思维的敏捷andnarrativepowerarefused溶为一体tomakeMoby-Dickaworldclassic.(3)TheskillfuluseofIshmaelbothasacharacterandnarratorgivesthenovelamoralmagnitude重要性.5.Artisticfeatures(4)Themanipulation操纵ofthewhalingchaptersforsomephilosophicalspeculation思索makesthenovelmorethansymbolic.

17、(5)Differentlevelsoflanguageuseandstylesturnthewholebookintoasymphonywithallthemusicalinstrumentsgoingontoformamelody.5.Artisticfeatures(6)Melvillesknowledgeofepicandtragedy,thehighestliterarygenres,helpshimproduceagreatepic,withAhabatthecenterasatragichero,whoburnswithabalefulfire,becomingevilhimse

18、lfinhisthirsttodestroyevil(image).Moby-Dick(6.Theexcerpt)TheexcerptisfromthelastchapterofMoby-Dick,inwhichthegreatchaseofthewhitewhaleisendingandweareclosetotheconclusionofthebook.The PequodhasfinallysightedMoby-Dick.Theboatshavebeenloweredinchaseofthewhale,whichhasalreadydemolishedtwoofthem.ThoughA

19、habkillsthewhitewhale,yetallthehumanbeingsinvolved,exceptthenarrator,dieintheprocess.Attheendonlynature,symbolizedbythesea,remainsmovingbutunmoved.CallmeIshmaelIshmael,theoutcast,findinghimselfinarealworldofhardworkanddangerandanunrealworldofspeculation（思索）（思索）andmystery;Melvillemanagestoachievethee

20、ffectofambiguitythroughsymbolismandallegoryinhisnarratives.AhabItturnsouttobeasymbolicvoyageofthemindinquestofthetruthandknowledgeoftheuniverse,aspiritualexplorationintomansdeeprealityandpsychology.InMobyDick,thewhitewhalesymbolizesnatureforMelville,foritiscomplex,unfathomable,malignant,andbeautiful

21、aswell.“Thenallcollapsed,andthegreatshroudofthesearolledonasitrolledfivethousandyearsago.”meansthatmansdesiretoconquernaturecanonlyendinhisowndestruction2000.4n25.ForMelville,aswellasforthereaderand_,thenarrator,MobyDickisstillamystery,anultimatemysteryoftheuniverse.nA.AhabnB.IshmaelnC.StubbnD.Starb

22、uck1999.437.InMoby-DickafterthewhalingshipThe Pequadsinks,Melvillewrites:“thenallcollapsed,andthegreatshroudofthesearolledonasitrolledfivethousandyearsago.”Theauthormightimplythat_A.Nothingchangesinthe5,000yearsofhumanhistoryB.mansdesiretoconquernaturecanonlyendinhisowndestructionC.Natureisevilasitw

23、as5,000yearsagoD.Naturehastheultimatecreativepower.2007.4n10.WhichofthefollowingwritingisregardedasthefirstAmericanproseepic?A.PierreB.MobyDickC.TypeeD.BillyBudd2004.4n37.LikeNathanielHawthorne,（）alsomanagestoachievetheeffectofambiguitythroughsymbolismandallegoryinhisnarratives.nA.MarkTwainnB.HenryJ

24、amesnC.R.W.EmersonnD.HermanMelville2008.4n31Thewhitewhale,MobyDick,symbolizes_forMelville,foritiscomplex,unfathomable,malignant,andbeautifulaswell.nAsocietynBnaturenCoceananimalsnDbothAandC2007.4n32InMobyDick,thewhitewhalesymbolizes_forMelville,foritiscomplex,unfathomable,malignant,andbeautifulaswel

25、l.AnatureBhumansocietyCwhalingindustryDtruth2004.4n27.“Thenallcollapsed,andthegreatshroudofthesearolledonasitrolledfivethousandyearsago.”Inthequotedsentence,theauthormightimplythat_.A.nothingchangesinthe5000yearsofhumanhistoryB.mansdesiretoconquernaturecanonlyendinhisowndestructionC.natureisevilasit

26、was5000yearsagoD.naturehastheultimatecreativepower2004.4n30.Besidessymbolism,allthefollowingqualitiesEXCEPT_arefusedtomakeMelvillesMoby-Dickaworldclassic.nA.narrativepowernB.psychologicalanalysisnC.speculativeagility思维的敏捷思维的敏捷nD.optimisticviewoflife2003.4n50.Retellinafewsentencesthestoryofthelastcha

27、pter(Ch,135)“TheChaseThirdDay”ofMelvillesnovelMoby-Dick.Discussthemeaningoftheendingofthestory.AnswerInthelastchapterofMoby-Dick,thegreatchaseofthewhitewhaleisendingandweareclosetotheconclusionofthebook.The PequodhasfinallysightedMoby-Dick.Theboatshavebeenloweredinchaseofthewhale,whichhasalreadydemo

28、lishedtwoofthem.ThoughAhabkillsthewhitewhale,yetallthehumanbeingsinvolved,exceptthenarrator,dieintheprocess.Attheendonlynature,symbolizedbythesea,remainsmovingbutunmoved.Itmeansthatmansdesiretoconquernaturecanonlyendinhisowndestruction2006.4(答案同下一题)n50.Symbolismisanimportantliterarypracticeinliterat

29、ureandithasbeenwidelyusedbymanyAmericanwriters.DiscussthewaysymbolismisusedinMelvillesMobyDick.2002.4n47.Thewhitewhale,MobyDick,isthemostimportantsymbolinMelvillesnovel.Whatsymbolicmeaningcanyoudrawfromit?AnswerA.Totheauthor,thewhalesymbolizesnature,foritiscomplex,unfathomable,malignant,andbeautiful

30、aswell.B.ToAhab,thewhaleiseitheranevilcreatureitselfortheagentofanevilforcethatcontrolstheuniverse,orperhapsboth.C.ToIshmael,thewhaleisanastonishingforce,animmensepower,whichdefiesrationalexplanationduetoasenseofmysteryitcarries.D.Tothereaders,thewhalecanbeviewedasasymbolofthephysicallimitsthatlifeimposesuponman.Italsorepresentsthetremendousorganic（有机体的）vitalityoftheuniverse.电影欣赏n请在百度或谷歌Google视频上欣赏电影Moby-Dick.