液压中英文翻译

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1、什么是液压？一个完整的液压系统由五个部分组成，即动力元件、执行元件、控制元件、无件和液压油。 动力元件的作用是将原动机的机械能转换成液体的压力能，指液压系统中的油泵，它向整个 液压系统提供动力。液压泵的结构形式一般有齿轮泵、叶片泵和柱塞泵。执行元件(如液压 缸和液压马达)的作用是将液体的压力能转换为机械能，驱动负载作直线往复运动或回转运 动。控制元件(即各种液压阀)在液压系统中控制和调节液体的压力、流量和方向。根据控 制功能的不同，液压阀可分为村力控制阀、流量控制阀和方向控制阀。压力控制阀又分为益 流阀(安全阀)、减压阀、顺序阀、压力继电器等；流量控制阀包括节流阀、调整阀、分流集 流阀等；方向

2、控制阀包括单向阀、液控单向阀、梭阀、换向阀等。根据控制方式不同，液压 阀可分为开关式控制阀、定值控制阀和比例控制阀。辅助元件包括油箱、滤油器、油管及 管接头、密封圈、压力表、油位油温计等。液压油是液压系统中传递能量的工作介质，有 各种矿物油、乳化液和合成型液压油等几大类。液压的原理它是由两个大小不同的液缸组成的，在液缸里充满水或油。充水的叫“水压机”；充油的称“油 压机”。两个液缸里各有一个可以滑动的活塞，如果在小活塞上加一定值的压力，根据帕斯 卡定律，小活塞将这一压力通过液体的压强传递给大活塞，将大活塞顶上去。设小活塞的横 截面积是S1,加在小活塞上的向下的压力是F1。于是，小活塞对液体的压

3、强为P=F1/SI,能够大小不变地被液体向各个方向传递”。大活塞所受到的压强必然也等于P。若大活塞的 横截面积是S2，压强P在大活塞上所产生的向上的压力F2=PxS2截面积是小活塞横截面积的倍数。从上式知，在小活塞上加一较小的力，则在大活塞上会得 到很大的力，为此用液压机来压制胶合板、榨油、提取重物、锻压钢材等。液压传动的发展史液压传动和气压传动称为流体传动，是根据17世纪帕斯卡提出的液体静压力传动原理而发 展起来的一门新兴技术，1795年英国约瑟夫布拉曼(Joseph Braman,1749-1814)，在伦敦 用水作为工作介质,以水压机的形式将其应用于工业上，诞生了世界上第一台水压机。19

4、05 年将工作介质水改为油,又进一步得到改善。第一次世界大战(1914-1918)后液压传动广泛应用，特别是1920年以后，发展更为迅速。液压 元件大约在19世纪末20世纪初的20年间，才开始进入正规的工业生产阶段。1925年维 克斯(F.Vikers)发明了压力平衡式叶片泵，为近代液压元件工业或液压传动的逐步建立奠定 了基础。20世纪初康斯坦丁尼斯克(GConstantimsco)对能量波动传递所进行的理论及实 际研究;1910年对液力传动(液力联轴节、液力变矩器等)方面的贡献，使这两方面领域得到 了发展。第二次世界大战(1941-1945)期间，在美国机床中有30%应用了液压传动。应该指出

5、,日本液 压传动的发展较欧美等国家晚了近 20多年。在1955年前后，日本迅速发展液压传 动,1956年成立了“液压工业会”。近2030年间，日本液压传动发展之快，居世界领先地 位。液压传动有许多突出的优点，因此它的应用非常广泛，如一般工。业用的塑料加工机械、压 力机械、机床等；行走机械中的工程机械、建筑机械、农业机械、汽车等；钢铁工业用的冶 金机械、提升装置、轧辊调整装置等；土木水利工程用的防洪闸门及堤坝装置、河床升降装 置、桥梁操纵机构等；发电厂涡轮机调速装置、核发电厂等等；船舶用的甲板起重机械（绞 车)、船头门、舱壁阀、船尾推进器等；特殊技术用的巨型天线控制装置、测量浮标、升降 旋转舞台

6、等；军事工业用的火炮操纵装置、船舶减摇装置、飞行器仿真、飞机起落架的收放 装置和方向舵控制装置等。What is Hydraulic?A complete hydraulic system consists of five parts, namely, power components, the implementation of components, control components, no parts and hydraulic oil. The role of dynamic components of the original motive fluid into mechanic

7、al energy to the pressure that the hydraulic system of pumps, it is to power the entire hydraulic system. The structure of the form of hydraulic pump gears are generally pump, vane pump and piston pump. Implementation of components (such as hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors) which is the pres

8、sure of the liquid can be converted to mechanical energy to drive the load for a straight line reciprocating movement or rotational movement. Control components (that is, the various hydraulic valves) in the hydraulic system to control and regulate the pressure of liquid, flow rate and direction. Ac

9、cording to the different control functions, hydraulic valves can be divided into the village of force control valve, flow control valves and directional control valve. Pressure control valves are divided into benefits flow valve (safety valve), pressure relief valve, sequence valve, pressure relays,

10、 etc.; flow control valves including throttle, adjusting the valves, flow diversion valve sets, etc.; directional control valve includes a one-way valve , one-way fluid control valve, shuttle valve, valve and so on. Under the control of different ways, can be divided into the hydraulic valve control

11、 switch valve, control valve and set the value of the ratio control valve. Auxiliary components, including fuel tanks, oil filters, tubing and pipe joints, seals, pressure gauge, oil level, such as oil dollars. Hydraulic oil in the hydraulic system is the work of the energy transfer medium, there ar

12、e a variety of mineral oil, emulsion oil hydraulic molding Hop categories.Hydraulic principleIt consists of two cylinders of different sizes and composition of fluid in the fluid full of water or oil. Water is called hydraulic press; the said oil-filled hydraulic machine. Each of the two liquid a sl

13、iding piston, if the increase in the small piston on the pressure of a certain value, according to Pascals law, small piston to the pressure of the pressure through the liquid passed to the large piston, piston top will go a long way to go. Based cross-sectional area of the small piston is S1, plus

14、a small piston in the downward pressure on the F1. Thus, a small piston on the liquid pressure to P = F1/SI,Can be the same size in all directions to the transmission of liquid. By the large piston is also equivalent to the inevitable pressure P. If the large piston is the cross-sectional area S2, t

15、he pressure P on the piston in the upward pressure generated F2 = PxS2Cross-sectional area is a small multiple of the piston cross-sectional area. From the type known to add in a small piston of a smaller force, the piston will be in great force, for which the hydraulic machine used to suppress plyw

16、ood, oil, extract heavy objects, such asforging steel.History of the development of hydraulicAnd air pressure drive hydraulic fluid as the transmission is made according to the 17th century, Pascals principle of hydrostatic pressure to drive the development of an emerging technology, the United King

17、dom in 1795 Joseph (Joseph Braman ,1749-1814), in London water as a medium to form hydraulic press used in industry, the birth of the worlds first hydraulic press. Media work in 1905 will be replaced by oil-water and further improved.World War I (1914-1918) after the extensive application of hydraul

18、ic transmission, especially after 1920, more rapid development. Hydraulic components in the late 19th century about the early 20th century, 20 years, only started to enter the formal phase of industrial production. 1925 Vickers (F. Vikers) the invention of the pressure balanced vane pump, hydraulic

19、components for the modern industrial or hydraulic transmission of the gradual establishment of the foundation. The early 20th century Constantine (G Constantimsco) fluctuations of the energy carried out by passing theoretical and practical research; in 1910 on the hydraulic transmission (hydraulic c

20、oupling, hydraulic torque converter, etc.) contributions, so that these two areas of development.The Second World War (1941-1945) period, in the United States 30% of machine tool applications in the hydraulic transmission. It should be noted that the development of hydraulic transmission in Japan th

21、an Europe and the United States and other countries for nearly 20 years later. Before and after in 1955, the rapid development of Japans hydraulic drive, set up in 1956, Hydraulic Industry. Nearly 20 to 30 years, the development of Japans fast hydraulic transmission, a world leader.Hydraulic transmi

22、ssion There are many outstanding advantages, it is widely used, such as general workers. Plastic processing industry, machinery, pressure machinery, machine tools, etc.; operating machinery engineering machinery, construction machinery, agricultural machinery, automobiles, etc.; iron and steel indus

23、try metallurgical machinery, lifting equipment, such as roller adjustment device; civil water projects with flood control the dam gates and devices, bed lifts installations, bridges and other manipulation of institutions; speed turbine power plant installations, nuclear power plants, etc.; ship deck

24、 crane (winch), the bow doors, bulkhead valves, such as the stern thruster ; special antenna technology giant with control devices, measurement buoys, movements such as rotating stage; military-industrial control devices used in artillery, ship anti-rolling devices, aircraft simulation, aircraft retractable landing gear and rudder control devices and other devices.