定语从句讲解

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1、定语从句一、概念：在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。如：I wnt to marry rich man. 定语I ant to mary a mn who is al, rich ndhandsme (从句谓语和先行词一致） 先行词 定语从句定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句用关系词(_ _）来引导,关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用,同步又作从句中的一种成分。1)关系代词：_2）关系副词：_二、关系词的用法：（一)关系代词的用法：1)wo， om, tt这些词替代的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语或宾语。例如:Hes the mnwho/htwants to ma

2、ry me.她就是那个想娶我的人。(wo/hat在从句中作主语) the who that I want t marry 她就是我想嫁的那个人。(whom/tha在从句中作宾语)合并：1. Tegirl is my sister.The gi is stndg onttage._2. do now the bo. he by in ble sirt._3. y roher i the ingers. h siers write her on music._翻译:1那就是教我们英语的教师。_你正在等的专家已经来了。_2） whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语,若指物,可以同of hich互换，

3、放在从句主语背面)。He a a friend hoe ther s adocor. 她有一种朋友的爸爸是医生。Plese pass m theok hose coveri green. =Plse passmthe book th ovr of whih isgreen.合并： H boh a res. The desss priceis 100 pounds._ He has a rnd.The riends oter i a snger._翻译:1)那个门被打破的教室不久会被修复。_3) wich, that所替代的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如:ootball

4、 isa g which/atis voed by mst ys. 足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的游戏。(whic tat在句中作主语）Th i pen (which/tha) heboug yesrdy. 这是她昨天刚买的钢笔。(wich / that在句中作宾语)合并：1. I cant ndhe bok I bught a boysteay._2. he cats mneThcat s layng wth a bl._翻译：1这是她昨天买的钢笔。_昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信。_3她喜欢外国作家写的书。_4她们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。_（二)关系副词的用法:1.hen 指时间，在从句中

5、作时间状语她的先行词一般有:ime， dy, mn, nt, wek, eaSe still remembers th day hen (= ） he pposed她还记得她求婚的那一天。翻译:1)我仍然记得爷爷去世的那一天。_2)我永远忘不了我们在一起的那些日子。 _3)1949年1月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。_2were指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词一般有:pla,spt, street,use, roo,ciy,ton，ountryThis th htel ere ( ） thye taying.This is actor were (= )hnbag ae made翻译：

6、1)惠州是我出生的地方。_)这就是她们初次会面的地方。_3.why指因素或理由，它的先行词只有reaon。如:That s the easn why (= ) is eavingso soo.翻译:1)请你告诉我你迟到的因素。_2)我们不懂得她受惩罚的因素。_3)我想懂得你不喜欢出去玩的因素。_ (三)使用关系副词应注意下列几点:这三个关系副词在乎义上都相称于一定的介词+whih构造：when= on (i,a， during) whi;werin(at, n) which;why = orhic. （四)关系代词与关系副词的选择用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句重要看关系词在定语从句中的作用

7、(即所担当的成分：如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应当用whic或ta, 缺少时间状语、地点状语或因素状语时，才干用when, where或why）关系代词thathihwhowhoose指代对象人、物物人人人、物在从句中的成分主、宾主、宾主、宾宾定关系副词whehenwhy指代对象地点时间因素在从句中的成分状语状语状语Pactice：)Th s a factory _handbags are me.2)Th is facr_ akehabags.）I know a lac _ wecan hepcnic. 4)Ikowa plce _ famous fo tsauiflnatral sceney

8、. 5) ill never oget the das _we spnt together. 6)Th is th reso _ h was dsme.7) i hboy _ father di hree earsago.8) pei_ h rotes boken 三.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1.限制性定语从句阐明先行词的状况,对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开,也不可省略,否则全句意义就不完整。如：hea so who isrig at so.2非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充阐明，没有限定作用,它与先行词的关系比较松散，因而不是核心性的，如果省略,原句的意义

9、仍然完整。这种从句在朗读时要有停止，在文字中一般用逗号与主句隔开。如:She has ason, whis woring t hool引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：, om, hse， whih, we 和 where，不可以用that和wh 两种定语从句的内涵不同，限制性定语从句具有涉她性，而非限制性定语从句具有唯一性,这在理解和翻译时应特别注意。试比较：She has a son, wh is oring a scol（只有一种儿子)=She as adhe sworknat scholSh hsa son wh is orkigat school.（不止一种儿子）4. wen和her既

10、可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而hy 只能引导限制性定语从句。四、注意事项. 关系代词t，which 的用法(1)只用hic,不用t的状况 (a）在引导非限定性定语从句时。 The tree,wch s fr hundred yearold， is very famos hre.(b)介词后不能用tat。 We dped on the afom wch e et our foo. W deped on th ln hat/wiwe geurfood from (c) 一种句子中若有两个定语从句,一种用ta引导,另一种用whch引导。Hebougt bok that cou

11、l give him muc noledend wch ou helphimto k heme(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的状况 （)在不定代词，如：nyhing, othin,th oe， ll等作先行词时 Nothn tha yu say anchange my n.ll thtgltrsisnot gol.（）先行词有heoly, h very, he sme, the last, st修饰时。Yu are the lt peson htI wnttoeeHis the very m tha Iwnt to arry. (c)先行词有序数词、数词、形容词最高档修饰修饰时。

12、hisis te befi that Ive see.Shaespeare i te reat poet that Englad hsev had(d)先行词既有人，又有物时。Thecity and tepepl ha I visted ipressedme a t.2. 关系代词hich, as的用法关系代词s和wch引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句,有相似之处也有不同之处。具体状况是：(1) as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,代表前面整个句子。H med her， as/which as natra.Has honet, s/whic e ca ee. (

13、2) 引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一种主句;which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。此外，as有“正如.，正像.”的意思 As i know to all， China isa devlop ntry. He i rm the south， a we can se from hisacct John, asou know, i famu wrier. He has ben t Prs more thanseraltimes, which I dont believe.注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用which。om s always

14、lae fo scool， which made his teachr angry. (3）当先行词受suh,tm修饰时，常用I hae neve hard suc a stry ashe tlls. He isnot sucha foo a he o h is he sm boo a lost as wek. 注意:当先行词由the sm修饰时,偶尔也用th引导定语从句，但是和由a所引导的定语从句意思不同 he wore the sa des thtsh orat rys ding. 她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。he wore thsam dressas er young sis

15、te ore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的同样的裙子。 注意:定语从句shas 与成果状语从句such th的区别：as在所引导的定语从句中作主语,宾语;hat在成果状语从句中不做成分 He has suha o lapt asI wanto buy.He hasuch a godlaptop ta w to by on. 3 以te ay为先行词的限制性定语从句一般由in whih或tat引导，并且 一般可以省略。he wa （at / inwhich ) e anweredthe qestis wa urprisng. Idntike e w(t inwhch）ou laughaher. 练习用

16、合适的关系词填空：1. This is teprofeso _taugh me chemirin 198. 2 Thehospitl _ wa builtfive ears aghas been modernized. 3 hilm _ w saw the day beoe yesterday is vey itestin4o ou know thstudn _wasprist the meetg？ 5 49 is th yer _ th PeopleRepublc f Chna wasfoned 6. They wor i a factry _ mak rai parts. 7 Tey wr

17、k in factory _ adi partsare ma 8.This s te visn pone throuh _ we cn se ndtalkto ou frind 9. She lies in mll ige, _s nyre miles fro er. 10. Se iong to pn hesumrholyin Shaghai，_ se has sme frends. 1 The sugi he erth lghtandhet,_ i verimportt tthlvingtings 1. He ws oen te, _aehsteache vryary. 13. He ak

18、ed abot ehers and schools _hehadviied. 在下列定语从句中，填入合适的介词和关系代词1 I s surprisd tthea _ htreted the od man. 2. ebuilt telesoe _hcoud tud th kies3 Thewoman, _ I earethe news, isa nure. 4. He bogha o yesterd, he author_ is a cher. Se hasthre cildre， ll _ re a ol 6. Te sk _ ak i eaig i ohns. 7. Our is a bea

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