形容词和副词的比较等级详解

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1、形容词和副词的比较等级详解（适合初、高中使用）大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：原级，即原形。比较级，表示“较”或“更一些”的意思。最高级，表示“最 ”的意思。一、原级的构成和用法1、构成：形容词和副词的原级形式是形容词和副词的原形。用“ as+原级形容词或副词+as ”的结构；表示2、用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，双方不相等时，用“not so （as） +原级形容词或副词+as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍 数+as+原级形容词或副词+as ”的结构。例如：Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Liu.This building looks

2、not so (as) high as that one.Mr. Sun speaks English, as fluently as you.This room is three times as large as that one. 二、比较级和最高级的构成和用法（一）比较级和最高级的构成：1、单音节形容词以及少数以-er, -ow结尾的形容词和副词加“er”，“est”。例如：原级比较级最高级greatgreatergreatestnarrownarrowernarrowestfastfasterfastestclevercleverercleverest2、以e结尾的单音节形容词和副词

3、后以及少数以-ble, -ple结尾的双音节形容词和副词后，加“r”，“st”。 例如：原级比较级最高级largelargerlargestableablerablestsimplesimplersimplest3、以一个辅音结尾的单音节形容词，其前的元音字母发短元音时，该辅音字母要双写，然后加“er”，“est”。 例如：原级比较级最高级hothotterhottest4、以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词和少数不是形容词加ly构成的副词，要将y改为i，再加“er”，“est”。 例如：原级比较级最高级easyeasiereasiestearlyearlierearliesthappyhappier

4、happiest5、一般双音节词、多音节形容词和副词在原级前加more或most。例如：原级比较级最高级beautifulmore beautifulmost beautifulcarefullymore carefullymost carefully6、少数单音节形容词也加more和most构成比较级和最高级。例如：原级比较级最高级tiredmore tiredmost tiredpleasedmore pleasedmost pleased7、下列形容词、副词的比较级和最高级可有两种构成方法。原级比较级最高级cruelcruelercruelestmore cruelmost cruelo

5、ftenofteneroftenestmore oftenmost oftenstrictstricterstrictestmore strictmost strictfriendlyfriendlierfriendliestmore friendlymost friendly8、下列形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成不规则。原级比较级最高级good, well两好betterbestbad, ill两坏worseworstmany, much两多moremostlittle一少lessleastfar一远fartherfarthestfurtherfurthestold一土老elder/ol

6、dereldest/oldest（二）比较级的用法1、双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级+than的结构表示。例如：This pen is better than that one.2、表示一方不及另一方时，用“less+原级+than的结构表示。例如：This room is less beautiful than that one.3、表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如：even, a lot, a bit, a little, still, much, far, yet, by far 等修饰。例如： He works even harder th

7、an before.【注意】英语的比较级前如无even, still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“一些”或不译出，一 般不可用“更”。例如：She is better than she was yesterday她比昨天好些了。Please come earlier tomorrow.请明天早点来。【注意】by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如放在前面，应在二者中 间加“the”。例如：He is taller by far than his brother.He is by far th taller of the two brothers.4、表示一

8、方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the+比较级（主语+谓语），the+比较级（主语+谓语）”的 结构。例如：The harder he works, the happier he feels.5、不与其它事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级+and+比较级的结构。例如：The weather is getting colder and colder.The girl becomes more and more beautiful.6、某些以-or结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。（这些词有inferior, superior, junior, senior, prior 等）例如

9、： He is superior to Mr. Wang in mathematics.7、在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that (those) one (ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物，one 既可指人，也可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。例如：The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk.A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood.8、表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型： A is three

10、(four, etc)times the size(height, length, width, etc)of B.例如：The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one,这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍 高)。(这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍高三倍)。 A is three(four, etc.)times as big (high, long, wide, etc.)as B.例如：Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。(亚洲比欧洲大三倍。) A is th

11、ree(four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, wider, etc)than B.例如：Your school is three times bigger than ours你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。(你们的学校是我们学校 的四倍大。)用times表示倍数，一般只限于表示包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数。表示两倍可以用twice或double.(三)最高级的用法1、三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“ the+最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较 范围的介词短语。例如：Zhang Hua is the tallest of the thr

12、ee.He works (the)hardest in his class.2、最高级可被序数词以及 much, by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not quite, not really, nothing like等词语所 修饰。例如： This hat is by far/much/nearly/almost/not nearly/by no means/not quite/nothing like the biggest.How much did the second most expensive hat cost?3、表示“最高程度”的形容词，

13、如excellent, extreme, perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。4、形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词，代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。例如：He is the tallest (boy) in his class.5、作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。例如：Of all the boys he came (the) earliest.【常用结构补充】一、形容词比较级的用法用法1、形容词比较级常用于两者(人或事物)之间的比较，用以说明“前者比后者更”，构成形式 多为“主语+谓语+比较级+than+对比成分”。例如：He has shorter hair than Sa

14、m .他的头发比萨姆的短。Im smarter than Yuan乙力我比袁丽聪明。用法2、“比较级+and+比较级”或“more and more +原级(多音节和部分双音节形容词)”意为“越来 越”。例如：Spring is coming, and days are getting longer and longer.春天来了，白天越来越长了。The little girl is more and more beaut/Ul.这个小女孩越来越漂亮。用法3、“the+比较级+句子，the+比较级+句子”意为“越就越”。例如：The harder you study, the better g

15、rades you will get.学习越努力，你得到的成绩就越好。用法4、“the+比较级+o/ the tw”结构，表示“是两者中更的一个”时，定冠词the不可少。例如：Liu Li is the taller o/the two.刘丽是这两个人中较高的。用法5、“形容词比较级than any other+名词单数，表示“比任何都”，常用于同一类人 或物在某一范围内进行比较时。例如：Wuxi is more beautiful than any other ciy in China.无锡比中国的任何一个城市都漂亮。用法6、Which（What/Who） +be+形容词比较级,4 orB?

16、,表示对两个人或事物进行对比，并进行选择。 例如：Which is better, the red one or the blue one?这个红的和蓝的哪个更好。用法7、表示“大几岁、高多少”等时，常用“数词+名词+比较级+than”句型。例如：She is three years older than I.她比我大三岁。用法8、“名词+介词短语+be+比较级+than+that（those）+介词短语，。例如：The weather in Beijing is hotter than that in Shangha记匕京的天气比上海热。【重点】比较级之前，有时可以用much, a litt

17、le, a bit, far, a lot, even, still等词来修饰，用以加强语气。例如：She is aJUtie fatter than me.她比我稍胖点。【注意】1、比较的对象必须一致，但不重复。例如：我的花比你的漂亮。（正确）My flower is nicer than yours.（错误）My flower is nicer than you.2、比较的双方必须在同一范围内。例如：上海比中国其他的城市大。Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China.如不在同一范围内比较，则不用other.例如：上海比日本的任一城市都大。

18、Shanghai is bigger than any city in Japan.3、原级与比较级的互换。例如：She is not as old as I.=She is younger than I.=Im older than she.她不如我大。（她比我小/我比她大。）二、形容词最高级的常用句型结构1、主语+be+the+序数词（如second） +形容词最高级+可数名词单数+in短语，意为“第几（长，大 远）”。例如：Yellow River is the second longest river in China黄河是中国第二大长河。2、“主语+be+one of+ the+形容

19、词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”，表示“是最之一”。例如：The Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world长江是世界上最长的河流之一。 Paper-making is one of the greatest inventions of ancient China造 纸术是古老的中国最伟大的发明之一。3、形容词最高级可用在选择疑问句中，常用句型“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级，A，B or C?” 例如：Who is the tallest, Tom, Jim or John?汤姆、吉姆和约翰谁最高？Which c

20、ity is the biggest, Beijing, Shanghai or Linyi?哪个城市最大，北京、上海还是临沂？4、the+形容词最高级+可数名词单数+of（in）短语，相当于比较级+than any other+可数名词单数”。 例如：Lin Tao is the tallest student in our class.=Lin Tao is taller than any other student in our class林 涛是我们班 最高的学生。5、当形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词或名词所有格修饰时，最高级前的定冠词the省略。例如：Linda is my si

21、sters best friend.琳达是我妹妹最好的朋友。6、形容词的最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较，意为“最”，其前通常要加the。在 最高级的句子中常含有表示比较范围的介词in短语或of短语；of后面一般接表示一群人或事物的代词或 名词；in后面一般接表示单位或场所的名词。介词短语一般放在形容词最高级之后。例如：The seats in the middle of the cinema are the bestofall.电影院中间的座位是最好的。Lin Hong is the cleverest student in our class.林鸿是我们班最聪明的学生。有时为了

22、强调，也可以把表示比较范围的介词短语放在句首。例如：Of all of them, the moon is the nearest to the earth.在它们当中，月球离地球最近。三、几个常见形容词比较级的用法1、more，意为“更多的”，是many和much的比较级。 more作many的比较级时，与可数名词复数连用，其反义词是fewer。例如：I have more books than you.我的书比你的多。 more作much的比较级时，与不可数名词连用，其反义词是less。例如：We will try our best to do the work with less mon

23、ey and fewer people.我们尽力用更少的钱和人做这项工 作。2、less，意为“较少的，更少的”，是little的比较级，其后跟不可数名词。例如：I think there will be less free time in the future.我认为在将来空闲时间将会更少。3、fewer，意为“更少的”，是few的比较级，只修饰可数名词的复数形式。例如：We should use fewer plastic bags to protect our environment我们应该少用塑料袋来保护我们的环境。【经典例题】1、I think the blue shirt look

24、s better on you than the red one.A. quiteB. moreC. muchD. very答案为C。析：形容词比较级前可加much，a lot, a little, a bit, far等表示程度的副词。2、Taking buses in Beijing is than taking taxies.A. more cheaper B. much cheaper C. less cheaper.答案为B。3、 He doesnt play the violin so as his father.A. goodB. betterC. wellD. best答案为C

25、。析：as.as意为“和一样”，as和as中间接形容词或副词的原级，其否定形式是not as/so.as意为“不如，和不一样”。所以本题中只能选择原级，故排除B和D，并且本题需要一个副词修 饰动词play即 “play the violin well”，“小提琴拉得好”。所以选C。4、 Listening is just as as speaking in language learning.A. important B. more important C. most important D. the most important 答案为A。5、Many Chinese students th

26、ink science subjects are foreign languages.A. more difficult as B. less difficult than C. much difficult than D. so difficult as答案为B。析：difficult的比较级不能简单地在后面加-er；应用“more difficult”或“less difficult ”表示。6、Zhao Benshan is actor I have known. I cant help laughing when I watch him perform on TV.A. the mos

27、t expensive B. the funniest C. the warmest D. the fastest答案为B。析：句意为“赵本山是我知道的最滑稽的演员”。由句意可知，此题选B。7、Lucy didnt make any mistakes in the math exam. She is than any other student.A. the most careful B. more careless C. more careful D. much careful答案为C。析：同一类人或物在某一范围内进行比较时，常用“形容词比较级4than any other+名词单数” 句式

28、。8、一Why dont you like winter in Beijing?Because it is winter in Guangzhou.A. as cold as B. much colder than C. not so cold as D. not colder than答案为B。析：根据句意和常识可知，北京的冬天比广州的冬天冷，故用比较级。9、一 Dick, is Nick your twin brother?Yes, Im 1cm than him.A. more tall B. taller C. more taller答案为B。10、Maybe bamboo has m

29、ore uses than in the world.A. any plant B. all the plants C. other plant D. any other plant答案为D。析：“形容词比较级+ than+any other+可数名词单数”相当于“the+形容词最高级+可数名词 单数+of (in)短语”。11、Beijing, the capital of China, is one of cities in the world.A. the biggest B. bigger C. much bigger D. big答案为A。析：“one of the +形容词最高级+

30、可数名词复数”，表示“最的之一”。12、一What is your favorite sport ? Swimming, I think. Its of all.A. easier B. more difficult C. the most interesting D. the most boring 答案为C。析：of all “所有的”，用于最高级的句子中。13、 China is developing of all the countries in the world.A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the most fast答案为C。析：由“of all

31、 the countries in the world”可知，此题用最高级。14、一Who has marks in English, Wang Lin, Zhang Fang or Li HongA. good B. better C. best D. the best答案为D。析：三者比较，用最高级。15、I think Bob is the suitable person to take the job because he can do the work well with money andpeople.A. less; less B. less; moreC. more; fewe

32、r D. less; fewer答案为D。析：本句意为我认为鲍勃是接受这个工作合适的人，因为他能用更少的钱和人把这件事做好”。 根据句意，“用更少和钱和人”，是比较级，less是little的比较级，后跟不可数名词，意为“较少的，更少 的”；fewer是few的比较级，只修饰可数名词的复数，意为“更少的”。16、一Lets buy some cards for our teachers on Teachers7 Day. Why not make some by hand? Its much .A. interesting B. more interesting C. the most int

33、eresting 答案为B。析：much, a little, even等均可修饰形容词的比较级。17、We dont have much homework now and our schoolbags are they used to be.A. as heavy as B. not as heavy as C. as heavily as D. not as heavily as答案为B。析：as.as中间用形容词或副词的原级，且not as.as意为不如”。18、 Who has oranges, Jim or Toni?A. few B. fewer C. fewest D. the

34、fewest答案为B。两者之间比较，用比较级。19Which is season in Beijing?I think its autumn.A. good B. better C. best D. the best答案为D。一年有四个季节，符合三者或三者以上比较，用最高级。20、Of the two Australian students, Masha is one. I think you can find her easilyA. tallestB. the taller C. taller D. the tallest答案为B。析：表示两者中的比较常用the +比较级+of the t

35、wo.句型。要记住这一特殊句型的用法。特别 是比较级前有定冠词the。21、Ill work I can.A. so hardly as B. so hard as C. as hardly as D. as hard as答案为D。析：hard可用作形容词和副词，如：The desk was made of hard wood.又如：It is raininghard。而hardly是副词，其词义是“几乎不”，如：Hardly did I sleep last night.我昨晚几乎没有睡觉。而 且hardly用于句首时要采用倒装语序。as.as即可以用于肯定句，也可以用于否定句，但so.a

36、s则只能用 于否定句中。22、The weather in China is different from.A. in America B. one in America C. America D. that in America答案为D。析：比较的是天气而不是国家，C不能选。A没有名词，后句成分不全，排除。B和D中，B中的one常用来代替可数名词，而that可车以代替不可数或抽象名词。23、一Remember this, children.careful you are,mistakes you will make.We know, Miss Gao.A. The more, the mor

37、eB. The fewer, the moreC. The more, the fewerD. The less, the less答案为C。析：此题考查“the +比较级，+ the+比较级”表示“越，越”的用法。Mistakes是可数名词，前面要用few的比较级fewer。此题易误选D。24、The Yellow River is one of in China.A. The long riverB. the longest riverC. the longest riversD. the longer river答案为C。析：在one of +定冠词+最高级之后的名词应用复数形式。25、

38、 Jim is running Bruce. Theyre neck and neck.A. faster than B. as fast as C. as faster as D. more slowly than答案为B。析：此题旨在考查两者程度相同的比较。由Theyre neck and neck.（他们齐头并进）可知“ Jim和Bruce跑得一样快”。A项“比跑得快”与D项“比跑得慢”均与题意不符。C项as faster as结构有误。26、Tokyo is larger than in India.A. any other cityB. any city C. another cit

39、y D .other city答案为B。析：注意比较级的比较对象，即不能与自身相比。东京在日本，故可以排除与自身相比的可能性。如果题干改为Tokyo is larger than in Japan则应选A项。即“东京比日本的任何其它城大”。“日本的任何城”包括“东京”，只能与“东京”之外的其它城相比较。22、I don think English is Chinese.A. as important asB. not important asC. not so importantD. important as答案为A。析：think+宾语从句时，应采用否定主句的形式，如：中文讲，“我认为你不对”，英文应为：I dont think you are right.所以不能选答案B。而C、D均为不正确的表达法。商志者上事蓟林商二秦必属麓;苦心人为美芥他weiiu三千越甲可襦吴山