2014届高考英语一轮复习《情态动词》学案

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1、息县二高2014届高三高考一轮复习英语情态动词学案高考考点一、情态动词的基本用法，二、情态动词表示允许，推测，判断的用法辨析，1、否定的推测：语气不很肯定时，常用may not,might not或could not，译为“可能不”“也许不”；否定语气较强时，则用cant，译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”，表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩2、疑问句中推测往往用can或could3.考查情态动词+动词不定式的完成式表推测的用法三、.考查情态动词+动词不定式完成式的其他用法should(ought to)+不定式的完成式：本来应该做而实际上又没有做。其否定形式表示某中行为不该发生却发生了。neednt+不

2、定式的完成式：本来不必要做的而实际上又做了could+不定式的完成式：本可以做而实际上未能做,含有遗憾的意味四、情态动词在虚拟语气中的运用。高考例题【2012江西卷】22We_ have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner.Amay notBneedntCcantDmustnt 【答案】B【考点】考察情态动词的用法【解析】may not不可以，neednt不需要，cant不可能， mustnt绝不可能本句句意为：既然Suzie不和我们一起吃晚饭，所以我们就不需要买这么多食物。【29. Sorry, I am

3、 too busy now. If I _ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. A. have hadB. had hadC. haveD. had【答案】D【考点】此题考查条件状语从句中的虚拟语气。【解析】从句中用一般过去时表现在的假设。动词的时态 条件状语从句中的虚拟语气 一般过去式表对现在的假设 【2012重庆卷】25.-_you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone? -Sorry Sir, but its urgent. A. Can B. Should C. Must

4、 D. Would【考点】情态动词用法【答案】 C【解析】句意：“你现在一定要打断我吗？难道你不能看到我在打电话吗？对不起，先生，事情很急。”根据语境结合选项的词义，C选项符合题意。因此，正确答案为C选项。【2012辽宁卷】24. One of our rules is that every student wear school uniform while at school. A. might B. could C. shall D. will【考点】情态动词【答案】C【解析】Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。这儿是说根据学校规定学生在校时都必须要穿校服

5、。【2012四川卷】19. I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao ” just as I _ do in China.A. must B. might C. can D. should 2 / 14【答案】 B 【考点】本题考查情态动词。【解析】句意为：我靠他们足够的近以听见他们说汉语，而且我会像我在中国可能做的那样说“你好”。might表示“可能”。故选B。【2012陕西卷】23.I_ thank you too much for all your help to my son while w

6、e were away from home. A. wont B. cant C. can D. will 【答】B【考点】考查情态动词。【解析】所填情态动词与too 构成固定句型cant/couldnt too，意思是：再都不为过，选B。【2012全国II】17. Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _ find the money.A. can B. might C. would D. need【答案】A【解析】此处考查了can的本意“能”，表示“能力”。句意：我要和John一起去欧洲度假，如果我能找到钱。【考点】考

7、查情态动词的用法。【2012天津卷】 We wouldnt have called a taxi yesterday if Harold _us a ride home.【D】A. didnt offer B. wouldnt offer C. hasnt offeredD. hadnt offered【2012天津卷】 Its quite warm here; we _turn the heating on【C】A.couldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. wouldnt【2012全国新课程】30. I use a clock to wake me up because

8、at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house.A. couldnt B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt【答案】D【考点】考查情态动词的用法。【解析】此处考查情态动词，neednt+动词原形表示：没有必要做某事。句意：我没有必要用闹钟唤醒我，因为每天早上6点火车都经过我的房子。【2012山东卷】30. If we _ adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful. A. havent madeB. wouldnt

9、 makeC. didnt make D. hadnt made【答案】D【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法【解析】在虚拟条件句中，表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句用过去完成时，主句用would have done的形式。句意：如果我们没有做好充分的准备，会议就不会这样成功。【2012福建卷】31. We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we_more places of interest yesterday.A. visitedB. had visitedC. would visit D. would have visited【考点】本题考查

10、虚拟语气的用法【答案】D一：can和could1. can的主要用法是： A. 表示体力或脑力的能力： eg. The girl can dance very well. B. 表示说话者的推测事物的可能性: eg. Can the news be true? C. 在口语中, can可以表示请求或允许：eg. Can I sit here? 2. could的主要用法是： A. could 是 can 的过去式, 表示与过去有关的能力和推测 eg. We all knew that the young man couldnt be a doctor.B. could可以代替can表示请求,

11、但语气较can客气、委婉:eg. Could you lend me your dictionary? Could I use your bike? 3. can和could接动词的完成形式，表示可能已经做某事。can用在否定和疑问句中, 表示不相信、怀疑等态度。 eg. They cant have gone out because the light is still on.二：may和mightmay常用来表示：A. 表示请求、允许：比can较为正式: eg. May I come in? You may go now.B. 表示说话人的猜测: “也许” “可能”: 通常只用于肯定句和否

12、定句中。 eg. I believe the man is from England but I may be wrong. The guest may arrive this afternoon. 在肯定句中，may的可能性比can高, may表示现实的可能性，can表示理论上的可能性。 The road may be blocked. 这条路可能不通了。 The road can be blocked. 这条路可能会是不通的。 在疑问句中，表示可能性用can。 Where can he be? 他会在哪呢？C. 表示祝愿; 但语气较正式: eg. May you succeed! May

13、you have a good journey! might的用法有: 多在间接引语中表示过去的可能和允许。 She said that he might take her bike. 她说他可以拿她的自行车去用。 除了在间接引语中以外，might一般不表示过去的可能或者许可。如要表示过去的可能可以用could,表示现在的可能，其可能性要比may 小。He might go home tomorrow.说不定他明天会回家。表示现在的许可，语气比may较委婉，一般用于疑问句（包括间接疑问句），不可用于肯定句或者否定句。 Might I have a word with you? 我可以和你说句话

14、吗？三：will和would1. will是助动词还是情态动词？ will用于构成将来时是助动词。 用于表示“意志”“决心”“请求”是情态动词。would亦同理。 I will tell you something important. 我要告诉你一些重要的事. （助动词） Will you tell her that Im here?请您告诉她说我在这儿，好吗?（情态动词） 2. 在疑问句中用于第二人称，提出请求或询问。 Will you type this, please? 请把这个打一下，好吗？ 3. would 比 will客气委婉 。Would you help us, please

15、? （表请求）请您帮助我们 ，好吗？Id go there with you. （表意愿） 我要和你一块到那儿去。 Your teacher wouldnt allow it. （表许可）老师不会允许这件事。四：shall和should1. 在疑问句中，用于第一、第三人称，用来征询对方意见、请求指示或提出建议。1) Mr. Smith wants to see you, manager.Shall he wait outside or in the office? 2) It is a nice day. Shall we go out for a picnic? 2. 用在第二、第三人称陈述

16、句中，表示说话人的“允诺、警告、命令、威胁、决心”等语气。1) If you dare do that, you shall be punished.2) If you pass the college entrance examination, you shall get a computer.3) Nothing shall stop us from carrying out this plan.3. 表示说话人对某事不能理解，可翻译成“居然”，“竟然”，“竟会”，表示意外和出乎意料。It is surprising that he should have made such a fool

17、ish mistake.五：must的主要用法1. 表示必然性。We must all die. 人总要死的。2. 表示强制或者义务。You must get up early. 你必须早起来。注意: must not的意思是不许可,不应该或者禁止 如：We mustnt waste our time. - May I take this magazine out? - No, you mustnt. 3. must用于一般疑问句的时候，肯定回答应该用yes, please或者Im afraid so, 其否定回答应该用neednt或者dont have to。4.表示推测，语气非常肯定，近乎

18、确定的意味，一般用在肯定句。It must be eleven oclock now.在表示推测的否定或者疑问句中必须用can/could, 不可以用must。If Mary didnt leave here until five oclock, she cant be home yet.如果玛丽五点才离开这儿，她此时一定还未到家。5指主观上的偏执或固执，常可译为“偏”“偏要Must you make so much noise? 你就非得弄出这么大的声音吗？After I gave her my advice，she must go and do the opposite. 在我给她出主意之

19、后她偏要反着干。6表示“偏偏”，可表示某事发生得不早不迟，就在某个当紧的时候，多指某些不受欢迎的事情的发生。如： The car must break down just we were starting our holidays. 我们刚刚开始休假，汽车偏偏坏了。should和ought to后面跟动词的完成式, 其肯定句表示“过去应该做而未做”, 其否定句则表示“过去不该做但做了”。You should/ought to have made the decision a week ago.I shouldnt have made such a foolish mistake. 六：have

20、to的用法 1. must表示一种主观的需要，而haveto表示一种客观的需要，意思是“不得不”。口语中常翻译成“得”Mother is out, so I have to look after the shop.妈妈不在家，因此我得照看商店。2. haveto的否定形式是dont have to, 相当于neednt。They dont have to buy a computer at present. 他们目前没有必要买电脑。注意对need问句的回答:-Need I finish the work today?-Yes, you must. -No, you neednt. / -No,

21、 you dont have to.七：表示推测情态动词的重要用法一、 “must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。 1. The river is rising. It must have rained last night.2. She looks very happy. She must have passed the exam.二、 “cant+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。1. I saw Mary in the library yesterday. You cant have seen

22、her. Shes been abroad.2. Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere. Well, he cant have gone far. His coat is still there.三、 “can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过吗？”。1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can th

23、ey have gone? 到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？四、 “could+have+done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。1. Thank you for all your hard work last week. We dont think we could have managed it without you.2. Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.五、 “may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。 W

24、hat has happened to George? I dont know. He may have got lost.六、 “might+have+done”表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。 1. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. (MET90) 他或许会多给你一些帮助，即使他很忙。2. Mary might have learned some Chinese before.七、 “would+have+done”虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思

25、是“本来会做”。1. I would have told you all about the boys story, but you didnt ask me. 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。2. Without your help, I wouldnt have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。八 “should+have+done”意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。” “shouldnt+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。1. You should have told her th

26、e truth earlier.2. With so much work at hand, you shouldnt have gone to the film last night.手头有这么多工作要做，昨晚你本不该去看电影。九、 “ought to+have+done”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成“理应做”，往往表示遗憾。与“should+have+done”用法基本一样。 1. I ought to have gone home last Sunday. 我理应上星期日回家。2. You ought not to have given him more help. 你不应该帮助他那

27、么多。十. “neednt+have+done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。1.There was plenty of time. She neednt have worried.有充足的时间，她没必要那么着急。2. He need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldnt have missed the train. 他本来需要快点去车站，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。十一：情态动词的其它用法1 cannot but + do sth. 表示“不得不，只好做某事”I cannot but choose to go.2 ma

28、y well +v 意为“完全能，很可能”Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize her.3 may as well +v意为“最好，满可以，倒不如”You may as well do it at once.4. cannot(never) 与enough/ too表示“再。也不为过”You can never be careful enough in the street.巩固练习1. They _ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was de

29、layed. (2011全国)A.will B.can C.must D.should2. If you _ smoke, please go outside. (2011 全国)A. can B. should C. must D. may3. I dont really like James. Why did you invite him?Dont worry. He _ come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were. (2011 北京) A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might no

30、t4. I _worry about my weekend- I always have my plans ready before it comes. (2011 上海)Acant B. neednt C. mustnt D. darent 5. Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?I am afraid you _, in case he comes late for the meeting. (2011福建) A.will B. must C.may D.can6. Hows your new babysi

31、tter?We _ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much. (2011 浙江) A. should B. might C. mustnt D. couldnt7. What do you think of store shopping in the future?Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but _. (2011 安徽) A. will never replace B. would never replace C. will never b

32、e replaced D. would never be replaced8. The police still havent found the lost child, but theyre doing all they_. (2011 四川) A.can B.may C.must D.should9. Why didnt you come to Simons party last night? I wanted to ,but my mom simply _ not let me out so late at night. (2011重庆) A. could B. might C. wou

33、ld D. should10. Will you read me a story ,Mummy? OK. You_ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. (2011 陕西) A. might B. must C. could D. shall11. No one _ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. (2011湖南) A. can B. need C. must D. might12. If you _ go, at least wait until the storm is

34、 over. (2011 辽宁)A. can B. may C. must D. will13. Jack described his father, who _a brave boy many years ago, as a strong willed man. (2010 安徽)A. would be B. would have been C. must beD. must have been14.Just be patient. You _ expect the world to change so soon. A. cant B. neednt C. may not D. will n

35、ot15. I _have watched that movie itll give me horrible dreams. A.shouldnt B.neednt C.couldnt D. mustnt 16. Mark _have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early. A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. couldnt 17. -Good morning. Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personn

36、el Department. -Ah, good morning. you _be Mrs. Peters. A. might B. must C. would D. can 18. - I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month. -Dont worry. You _have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D. may.19.-May I take this book out of the reading room? -N

37、o, you _. You read it in here. A. mightnt B. wont C. neednt D. mustnt 20. I have told you the truth. _ I keep repeating it? A. Must B. Can D. May D. Will21. You _buy a gift, but you can if you want to. A. must B. mustnt D. have to D. dont have to 22. You _park here! Its an emergency exit. A. wouldnt

38、 B. neednt C. couldnt D. mustnt 23. I was really anxious about you You _ home without a word A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave24. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _ for her A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written i

39、t out D. ought to write it out25. He _ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by seaside. A. should B. must C. wouldnt D. cant 26. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he_ your lecture.A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attended C. mustnt ha

40、ve attended D. shouldnt have attended27. -Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere. -Well. He _ have gone far-his coats still here. A. shouldnt B. mustnt C. cant D. wouldnt28. Mary _my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now. A couldnt have received B ought to have receive

41、d C has received D shouldnt have received 29. It _around nine oclock when I drove back home because it was already dark. A. must be B. must have been C. cant be D. should have been 30. Johns score on the test is the highest in the class; _ A. he should study hard last night B. he should have studied

42、 hard last night C. he must have studied hard last night D. he must had to study hard last night 31. You_yesterday if you were really serious about your work. A. ought to come B. ought to be coming C. ought to have come D. ought have come 32. We didnt see him at the lecture yesterday. He_it.” A. mus

43、tnt attended B. couldnt have attended C. would have not attendedD. neednt have attended 33. You _all these parcels yourself. The shop would have delivered them if you had asked a shop assistant. A. didnt need to carry B. neednt have carried C. neednt carryD. didnt need carry 34. Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving -温馨提示：如不慎侵犯了您的权益，可联系文库删除处理，感谢您的关注！