英语专业英国文学史课件Thomas Gray Robert Burns and William Blake概要1

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1、Thomas Gray,Robert Burns,William BlakePlan for This PeriodReview about last class:EnlightenmentNeoclassicismThomas GrayLiterary trend for this class:SentimentalismPre-romanticismThe Elegy Written in a Country ChurchyardReview about the EnlightenmentThe Enlightenment Movement:a progressive intellectu

2、al movement which flourished first in France and swept through the western Europe.It is the furtherance of the Renaissance.Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas.The Humanist Views and the Rational Rules The enlighteners celebrated reas

3、on or rationality,equality and science.They held that rationality or reason should be the only cause of any human thought and activities.They called for a reference to order,reason and rules.They believed that when reason served as the yardstick for the measurement of all human activities and relati

4、ons,every superstition,injustice and oppression was to yield place to“eternal truth,”“eternal justice,”and“natural equality.”The enlighteners also advocated universal education.NeoclassicismThe Result of Enlightenment to LiteratureNeoclassicism:in the field of literature,the Enlightenment Movement b

5、rought about a revival of interest in the old classical works.This tendency is known as neoclassicism.According to the neoclassicists,all forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers(Homer,Virgil(维吉尔维吉尔),Horace(负拉负拉),Ovid(奥维德奥维德),etc.)and th

6、ose of the contemporary French ones.They believed that the artistic ideals should be order,logic.Restrained emotion and accuracy,and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity.This belief led them to seek proportion,unity,harmony and grace in literary expressions,in an effo

7、rt to delight,instruct and correct human beings,primarily as social animals.In the last decades,the neoclassicism was rebelled against or challenged by the sentimentalists and was in due time replaced by RomanticismSentimentalismSentimentalism in English Poetry.Sentimentalism came into being as the

8、result of a bitter discontent among the enlightened people with social reality.Dissatisfied with reason,which classicists appealed to.sentimentalists appealed to sentiment to the human heart.Meanwhile,the poetry of the sentimentalism is marked by a sincere sympathy for the poverty-stricken expropria

9、ted peasants.They wrote the simple annals of the poor,though still in a classical style.Pre-romanticismPre-romanticism:In the latter half of the 18th century,a new literary move merit arose in Europe,called the Romantic Revival.It was marked by a strong protest against the bondage of Classicism,by a

10、 recognition of the claims of passion and emotion,and by a renewed interest in medieval literature,In England,this movement showed itself in the trend of pre-Romanticism in poetry,which was ushered in by poetry,represented by Blake and Burns.Thomas Chatterton(1752-1770)is the saddest and most intere

11、sting figure of the Pre-Romantic movement.During his boyhood,he pored over some old documents which had been preserved for 300 years in a church.He copied them until he could imitate the language and handwriting of the manuscripts.Thomas GrayThomas Gray was born in London into a brokers family.He go

12、t very good school education,first at Eton and then at Cambridge.He left Cambridge without taking a degree.He toured around Europe with Horace Walpole,author of the world famous Gothic novel The Castle of Otranto.In 1768 he was made Professor of History and Modern Languages at Cambridge.In his lifet

13、ime,he was known as one of the most learned persons and a very successful poet.He was not sociable.He declined the Poet Laureateship in 1657 and led a peaceful life as a scholar.Comments on GrayGrays literary output was small.He wrote slowly and carefully.His poems are characterized by an exquisite

14、sense of form.His masterpiece Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard once and for all established his fame as the leader of sentimentalist poetry and the spokesman of the Graveyard School.ELEGY WRITTEN INA COUNTRY CHURCH-YARDThe curfew tolls the knell of parting day,The lowing herd winds slowly oer t

15、he lea,The ploughman homeward plods his weary way,And leaves the world to darkness and to me.ELEGY WRITTEN INA COUNTRY CHURCH-YARDNow fades the glimmering landscape on the sight,And all the air a solemn stillness holds,Save where the beetle wheels his droning flight,And drowsy tinklings lull the dis

16、tant folds:ELEGY WRITTEN INA COUNTRY CHURCH-YARDSave that from yonder ivy-mantled towerThe moping owl does to the moon complainOf such as,wandering near her secret bower,Molest her ancient solitary reign.ELEGY WRITTEN INA COUNTRY CHURCH-YARDBeneath those rugged elms,that yew-trees shade,Where heaves

17、 the turf in many a mouldering heap,Each in his narrow cell for ever laid,The rude Forefathers of the hamlet sleep.ELEGY WRITTEN INA COUNTRY CHURCH-YARDThe breezy call of incense-breathing Morn,the swallow twittering from the straw-built shed,The cocks shrill clarion,or the echoing born,No more shal

18、l rouse them from their lowly bed.ELEGY WRITTEN INA COUNTRY CHURCH-YARDFor them no more the blazing hearth shall burn,Or busy housewife ply her evening care;No children run to lisp their sires return,Or climb his knees the envied kiss to share.ELEGY WRITTEN INA COUNTRY CHURCH-YARDOft did the harvest

19、 to their sickle yield,Their furrow oft the stubborn glebe has broke;How jocund did they drive their team afield!How bowed the woods beneath their sturdy stroke!ELEGY WRITTEN INA COUNTRY CHURCH-YARDLet not Ambition mock their useful toil,Their homely joys,and destiny obscure;Nor Grandeur hear with a

20、 disdainful smileThe short and simple annals of the poor.ELEGY WRITTEN INA COUNTRY CHURCH-YARDThe boast of heraldry,the pomp of power,And all that beauty,all that wealth e er gave,Awaits alike the inevitable hour.The paths of glory lead but to the grave.ELEGY WRITTEN INA COUNTRY CHURCH-YARDNor you,y

21、e proud,impute to these the fault,If Memory oer their tomb no trophies raise,Where through the long-drawn aisle and fretted vaultThe pealing anthem swells the note of praise.ELEGY WRITTEN INA COUNTRY CHURCH-YARDCan storied urn or animated bustBack to its mansion call the fleeting breath?Can Honors v

22、oice provoke the silent dust,Or Flattery soothe the dull cold ear of Death?ELEGY WRITTEN INA COUNTRY CHURCH-YARDPerhaps in this neglected spot is laidSome heart once pregnant with celestial fire;Hands that the rod of empire might have swayed,Or waked to ecstasy the living lyre.ELEGY WRITTEN INA COUN

23、TRY CHURCH-YARDBut knowledge to their eyes her ample pageRich with the spoils of time did neer unrollChill Penury repressed their noble rage,And froze the genial current of the soul.ELEGY WRITTEN INA COUNTRY CHURCH-YARDFull many a gem of purest ray serene,The dark unfathomed caves of ocean bear;Full

24、 many a flower is born to blush unseen,And waste its sweetness on the desert air.ELEGY WRITTEN INA COUNTRY CHURCH-YARDSome village Hampden,that with dauntless breastThe little tyrant of his fields withstood;Some mute inglorious Milton here may rest,Some Cromwell guiltless of his countrys blood.ELEGY

25、 WRITTEN INA COUNTRY CHURCH-YARDThe applause of listening senates to command,The threats of pain and ruin to despise.To scatter plenty oer a smiling land,And read their history in a nations eyes,ELEGY WRITTEN INA COUNTRY CHURCH-YARDTheir lot forbade:nor circumscribed aloneTheir growing virtues,but t

26、heir crimes confined;Forbade to wade through slaughter to a throne,And shut the gates of mercy on mankind,ELEGY WRITTEN INA COUNTRY CHURCH-YARDThe struggling pangs of conscious truth to hide,To quench the blushes of ingenuous shame,Or heap the shrine of Luxury and PrideWith incense kindled at the Mu

27、ses flame.Muse:9 daughters of Zeus,goddesses of Poet,and any other liberal arts and science.ELEGY WRITTEN INA COUNTRY CHURCH-YARDFar from the madding crowds ignoble strife,Their sober wished never learned to stray;Along the cool sequestered vale of life,They kept the noiseless tenor of their way.ELE

28、GY WRITTEN INA COUNTRY CHURCH-YARDYet even these bones from insult to protectSome frail memorial still erected nigh,With uncouth rhymes and shapeless sculpture decked,Implores the passing tribute of a sigh.ELEGY WRITTEN INA COUNTRY CHURCH-YARDTheir name,their years,spelt by the unlettered MuseThe pl

29、ace of fame and elegy supply:And many a holy text around she strews,That teach the rustic moralist to die.ELEGY WRITTEN INA COUNTRY CHURCH-YARDFor who to dumb Forgetfulness a prey,This pleasing anxious being eer resigned,Left the warm precincts of the cheerful day,Nor cast one longing lingering look

30、 behind?ELEGY WRITTEN INA COUNTRY CHURCH-YARDOn some fond breast the parting soul relies,Some pious drops the closing eye requires;Even from the tomb the voice of Nature cries,Even in our ashes live their wonted fires.ELEGY WRITTEN INA COUNTRY CHURCH-YARDFor thee,who mindful of the unhonored deadDos

31、t in these lines their artless tale relate;If chance,by lonely contemplation led,Some kindred spirit shall inquire thy fate,ELEGY WRITTEN INA COUNTRY CHURCH-YARDHaply some hoary-headed swain may say,“Oft have we seen him at the peep of dawnBrushing with hasty steps the dews awayTo meet the sun upon

32、the unland lawn.ELEGY WRITTEN INA COUNTRY CHURCH-YARD“There at the foot of yonder nodding beechThat wreathes its old fantastic roots so high,His listless length at noontide would he stretch,And pore upon the brook that babbles by.ELEGY WRITTEN INA COUNTRY CHURCH-YARD“Hard by you wood,now smiling as

33、in scorn,Muttering his wayward fancies he would rove,Now drooping,woeful wan,like one forlorn,Or crazed with care,or crossed in hopeless love.ELEGY WRITTEN INA COUNTRY CHURCH-YARD“One morn I missed him on the customed hill,Along the heath and near his favorite tree;Another came;nor yet beside the ri

34、ll,Mor up the lawn,nor at the wood was he;ELEGY WRITTEN INA COUNTRY CHURCH-YARD“The next with dirges due in sad arraySlow through the churchway path we saw him borne.Approach and read(for thou canst read)the lay,Graved on the stone beneath yon aged thorn.”THE EPITAPHHere rests his head upon the lap

35、of EarthA youth to Fortune and to Fame unknown.Fair Science frowned not on his humble birth,And Melancholy marked him for her own.THE EPITAPHLarge was his bounty,and his soul sincere,Heaven did a recompense as largely send:He gave to Misery all he had,a tear,He gained from Heaven(twas all he wished)a friend.THE EPITAPHNo farther seek his merits to disclose,Or draw his frailties from their dread sbode.(There they alike in trembling hope repose),The bosom of his Father and his God.