名词代词不定代词

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1、名词 代词 不定代词教学内容一、知识结构 (3分钟) He is YaoMing. He is a basketball player. （老师讲解：通过图片，引出篮球运动员姚明，姚明和篮球分别是人和事物的名称，而这正是名词的概念，由此导入名词）二、典例精讲(25分钟)知识点一 名词的可数与不可数 1.news, bread, music, weather, paper(表示纸)，advice, tea, rice, water等均是不可数名词，可以借助表示数量的短语表示其数量关系。如 two pieces of news两则新闻。 2.有些可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，但意义不同：（1）f

2、ish意为“鱼的条数；鱼的种类”时是可数名词，表示条数时，单复数形式相同，指种类时，复数形式为fishes;指餐桌上的“鱼肉”时为不可数名词。（2）orange意为“橘子”，为可数名词；意为“橘子汁；橘黄色”，为不可数名词。（3）room意为“房间”时为可数名词；意为“地方，空间”时为不可数名词。（4）glass意为“玻璃杯”时为可数名词，其复数形式还可作“眼镜”讲；意为“玻璃”时为不可数名词。练习：1. My friend Dave helped me a lot by giving me _ on English learning. A. advices B. many advice C.

3、 some advice 2. -Do you like _ ? -No. I prefer rose, the colour of your dress. A. orange B. oranges C. carrot D. Carrots 3. Its so crowded here. Lets make some _ for the baby. A. ground B. room C.seats D.chairs 4. Come on, children. Help yourselves to some _ if you like. A. fish and chicken B.fishes

4、 and chicken C. fish and chickens D.fishes and chickens答案：CABA 知识点二 名词单数变复数的规则例1 规则变化 1. 一般是在名词词尾加-s. car-cars computer-computers girl-girls 2. 以-s, -x, -sh, -ch等结尾的名词,应在其后加-es构成复数形式,如果词尾为e,只加-s,stomach的复数形式为stomachs。 class-classes box-boxes dish-dishes watch-watches nose-noses 3. 以“辅音字母y”结尾的名词，应变y为

5、i,再加-es。以“元音字母y”结尾的名词,其复数形式是在后面直接加-s。 family-families baby-babies toy-toys holiday-holidays 4. 以-f或-fe结尾的名词，应将-f或-fe改为v，再加-es。 Knife-knives half-halves shelf-shelves 5. 以-o结尾的名词,有的加-s,有的加-es,其中，加-es的名词有potato,tomato,hero,可巧记：英雄爱吃土豆炖西红柿。 Zoo-zoos photo-photos kilo-kilos potato-potatoes hero-heroes 6.

6、 以-th结尾的名词,一般加-s构成复数形式。 Mouth-mouths month-months truth-truths 练习：British people eat _ a lot, and they are usually cooked in different ways. A.chicken B. beef C. Fish D. Potatoes 答案：D例2 不规则变化 1. 表示“某国人”的名词复数形式，中日不变，英法变，其它要把s添。Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese Englishman-EnglishmenFrechman-Frechmen A

7、merican-Americans German-Germans2. 有些名词改变元音构成复数形式。Man-men woman-women foot-feet mouse-mice ox-oxen3.复合名词的复数形式（1）由两个或两个以上的名词构成的复合名词，其复数一般只将主要的名词变为复数形式。Banana tree-banana trees boy student-boy students Sister-in-law-sisters-in-law(2) ”数词+名词+（形容词）”构成复合词时，其中的名词可用单数形式，但必须用连字符连接。A two-day holiday 一个两天的假期A

8、 two-metre-long ruler 一把两米长的尺子（3）由man或woman构成的复合名词，则两个名词需要同时变为复数形式。Man teacher-men teachers woman doctor-women doctors4.people表示“人”时，其本身便是一个复数名词，不可在其后加-s，而当其表示“民族”时，其复数为peoples. 练习：1.All the _ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th, because it was their own holiday. A.man B. men C.woman D.women 2.

9、They are from _. They are _. A. Germany;Germans B. Germans; Germany C.German;Germany D. Germany;Germen答案：DA三、巩固训练（8分钟） 选择题 1. There are a lot of _ down there but hardly any_ A.sheeps;people B. sheep;people C. sheeps;peoples D.sheep;peoples 2. Would you like some drinks,boys? Yes, _,please. A.some or

10、anges B.two boxes of chocolates C. Some cakes D.two bottles of orange 3. Father went to his doctor for _ . A. An advice B. Advices C. Some advice D. The advices 4.The young man was taken to the police station for killing some _ . A. Bird B. Deer C.panda D. Bear 5.To keep healthy, we should eat more

11、vegetables and less _ .A. meat B.food C.wine D.drink 6.There are few _ in the fridge. Lets go and buy some peas, carrots and cabbages. A.vegetables B.fruit C.meat D.eggs 7.There are a lot of _ in our school. They work very hard. A.woman teachers B.women teachers C. Womans teachers D.men teacher 答案：B

12、DCBAAB四、小结回顾(3分钟)名词在每年的中考题中都会有涉及，常见的考点有不可数名词数量的表达法；名词单复数的用法及单数变复数的规则等，通过上面的学习，引导学生自主归纳上面的考点。一、专题知识梳理（5分钟）知识点1人称代词和it的用法知识点2物主代词和指示代词的用法知识点3反身代词的用法代词是用来代替名词的词。它是英语语法结构中的一个重要词类，也是中考测试的重点内容之一。常见考点有： 人称代词的主宾格及其句法功能 形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法和区别 指示代词的用法 反身代词的用法及其语法功能 不定代词的用法二、专题精讲 （20分钟） 例1：人称代词和it的用法 人称代词指表示“你

13、，我，他”等人称的代词，它有单复数，性别及主格与宾格的变化。人称代词主格在句中充当主语，人称代词宾格在句中应放在动词或介词后充当宾语人称 格 数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit1. 人称代词的主格在句子中作主语。（1） 单数人称并列作主语时，其顺序为：“你，她（他），我”。但承认错误的时候将I或We置于最前面。You, she and I all enjoy music. 我，你和她都喜欢音乐。I and he are wrong. 我和他都错了。（2）复数人称并列作主语时，其顺序为：“我们，你

14、们，他们”。We,you and they should return on time. 我们，你们和他们应该按时回来。2. 人称代词的宾格在句子中作及物动词的宾语或介词的宾语。My parents like her very much. 我父母非常喜欢她。Whats wrong with him? 他怎么了？ 练习：Look at the photo. The girl beside _ is Nancy.A.I B. my C.me D. mine 答案：CIt的用法1. 人称代词it通常指事物，也可指不知性别的人或婴儿。-Wheres tea grown? 什么地方种植茶？-Its gr

15、own in the southeast of China. 中国东南部种植。The baby is crying. It might be hungry. 那个婴儿在哭，它可能是饿了。2.it还可以指天气，时间，距离等。Its very cold today. 今天非常冷。Its ten oclock now. 现在是10点钟。3. It还有一些特别的用法（1） 用作形式主语，常用于“Its+形容词（+for/of sb.）+to do”句型中。Its very important for us to learn English well.(2) 用作形式宾语，用来代替动词不定式或从句，常用

16、在动词make, find等后。I found it hard to fly a kite.练习：_ is impolite to cut in line when you are waiting for a bus.A. This B. That C.It D. Which答案：C例2：物主代词和指示代词的用法物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。其各种形式如下表类别人称数单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词myyourHisHeritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyoursHisHersitsoursyourstheirs形容词性

17、物主代词后面要接名词，而名词性物主代词后面则不接名词.I like my pen. I dont like hers.练习： Is that _ dog? No, _ is white.A. his;His B. Her;Its C.he;his D.her;Her答案：A指示代词是用来指示人或事物的代词，主要有this, that, these, those等。在句中做主语，表语，宾语。1. this,these指时间或空间上较近的人或事物；that, those指较远的人或事物。This is a map of China and that is a map of the world.2.

18、 that,those指代上文提到的人或事物；this,these指代下文将要叙述的人或事物。Those are the books which may be useful to you.3. 用来询问敲门的人是谁。Whos that/it?练习：She had a cold yesterday._ is why she didnt come to work.A. This B. Those C.These D. That答案：D例3：反身代词的用法反身代词是一种表示反身或强调的代词。它由第一人称，第二人称的形容词性物主代词和第三人称宾格，加上-self或-selves构成。人称数单数复数第一

19、人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称HimselfHerselfitselfthemselves 1.反身代词在句中一般用作宾语，同位语，不可单独做主语，也可作并列主语的后一部分。反身代词作宾语时常用在enjoy,teach, help, buy, wash, look after等动词及一些介词后。 The children teach themselves English. 2.常用于固定搭配中Enjoy oneself 玩的愉快 learn.by oneself 自学Dress oneself 穿衣 help oneself to 随便吃

20、By oneself 独自 for oneself 亲自练习：1.Each of the students is going to have_ examined before graduation. A.he B.him C.himself D. His 2. I guess Tom and his sister Celia enjoyed _ at the party.A. myself B.himself C. herself D. Themselves答案：CD三、专题过关（10分钟） 1. My parents cant go to see the film tonight becau

21、se _ are busy.A. him B. them C. they D. he 2. Sally is a cute and lovely girl.We all like _. A. she B. her C. hers 3. Most young people find _ exciting to watch a football match. A. it B. this C. that D. one 4.-Mom,I want to ask my grandpa a question. -Oh!_is reading a newspaper upstairs. A.He B.His

22、C.Him D.Himself 5.-Is this Sams bike or yours? -Its my bike, not_. A.yours B.himC.his 6. Sorry. _ made you angry. A.John and I B. I and John C.Me and John D.John and we 7.we like Mr Green because he often tells _ funny stories in class.A.we B.us C. our D. ours 8.Im go skating. Would you like to go w

23、ith _ ?A. me B. I C. my D. mine 9.-I havent got a digital camera. -I think you should buy_.Its useful for you. A.one B.thisC.that D.it 10.This isnt my dictionary. I left _ at home.A. my B. mine C. I D. Me答案：CBAAC BBAAB 四、小结回顾 回顾几种主要代词的用法一、能力引入 （3分钟） 请学生举出几种不定代词的例子二、能力培养（20分钟） few, a few, little 和a l

24、ittle(1) few和a few 用来修饰或代替可数名词，其中a few 表示肯定，“有一点”，few表示否定，“几乎没有”。 A few people can live to 100, but few can live to 150.（2） little和a little则用来修饰或代替不可数名词，其中a little 表示肯定，“有一点”；little表示否定，“几乎没有”。There is a little time left. Hurry up!Bob couldnt buy the dictionary because he had little money on him.(3)

25、 a little 可修饰形容词或副词的原级和比较级。That is a little expensive.Your work is a little more than mine. another, other(s)和the other(s)(1) another可单独使用，泛指三者或三者以上的“另一个”，也可修饰单数可数名词，还可后接“大于一的基数词+复数名词”。There are three pens on the desk. One is red, another is yellow, the third is black.Some players will stay in Canad

26、a for another seven days.(2) other可单独使用但必须与the连用，表示”两者或部分中的另一个或部分”，也可修饰名词。The other可用来表示“两个人或物中的另一个”，含有特指的意味。One of my brothers is named Tony, the other is John(3) others相当于“other+名词复数”，表示“另外的一些.（并非全部）”，单独使用；the others相当于“the other+名词复数”，单独使用，特指另外的全部人或物。Some of them are red; others are brown.Twenty

27、of the class are boys, the others are girls.三、能力检测（10分钟） 1. _ police officers in the UK carry guns, but most of them dont. A. No B. Some C.Many D.All 2.This is a very old song, so _young people know it.A. Few B.little C. a few D. a little3.There arent many oranges here, but you can take _ if you wan

28、t to.A. few B. a few C. a little D.little4. Shanghai Waihuan Tunnel is already open to traffic, so it will take us _ time to go to Pudong International Airport.A. a few B.fewer C. a little D. Less5.In order to keep healthy, you should eat_ fast food, _ fresh vegetables and take enough exercise.A. fe

29、wer/fewer B. less/more C. fewer/more D. less/ less6.Can we do our work better with _money and _ people?A. less/few B. less/fewer C. little/fewer D. few/ less7.Theres no _ way to do it.A.other B.the other C.another D others8.Some people like to rest in their freetime._ like to travel.A.Other B.The ot

30、hers C.Others D.Another9.This cake is delicious! Can I have_ piece, please?A.other B.another C.others D.the other10.There were three books on my table.One is here. Where are _?A.others B.the others C.the other D.another答案：BABDB BACBB四、能力点评名词和代词是英语语法结构中的重要词类，也是中考测试的重点内容之一，尤其是代词，纵观历年中考真题，出现频率最高的是不定代词，

31、其次是疑问代词，反身代词以及人称代词等。学生需要勤加练习，熟练掌握这些考点，中考才能做到心中有数，从容不迫。学法升华一、知识收获1可数名词与不可数名词 2人称代词和it的用法 3物主代词和指示代词的用法 4反身代词的用法5. 不定代词的部分用法课后作业作业1：选择题1They come from different _ A. country B. countries C. a country D. countrys2. How many _ do you see in the picture?A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato D. the tomato3. Th

32、ere are_ birds in that big tree. A. hundreds of B. five hundreds of C. five hundred of D. hundred of4. I like to eat cake with _. A. cherries B. cherry C.cherrys5. Though it rained heavily, _ were still playing on the playground.A. they B. them C. their D. Themselves6. Tom and _ will go to see our t

33、eacher, for _ is ill.A. I; she. B. me; she C. I; her D. me; her7. Students are usually interested in sports: some like running, some like swimming,and _ like ball games.A.the others B.others C.the other D.other8. There are twenty-eight students in the class.Ten of them are girls and _ are boys.A.the

34、 other B.the others C.others D.other参考答案：BBAAA ABB作业2：用所给词的正确形式填空1. The _ are playing football now. (child)2. There are some _(goose)in the river. 3. I have two pens. One is red, _ is black.(other)4. There are a lot of people in the park. Some are walking, some are looking at the flowers, some are boating, _ are running.(other)5.Those shoes are_ big for me.(less)参考答案 1 children 2 geese 3 the other 4 others 5 a little11