从句与非谓语

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1、名词性从句与非谓语一、名词性从句与动名词名词从句是属于名词性的，而英语中的三大非谓语只有动名词和 不定式具有名词的特征，可以当成名词来使用。因此，名词类的从句 可以被化简成动名词和不定式。由陈述句变来的名词性从句，即由that引导的名词从句一般简 化成动名词来表达，通常采用动名词复合结构的形式；由疑问句变来 的，即由whether或what等引导的名词从句一般简化为不定式。1. that引导的主语从句与动名词直接用动名词的复合结构来替换主语从句，放在句首作主语。例：1 (1) It surprised us that John won the marathon.It作形式主语，真正的主语是th

2、at引导的从句。(约翰赢得了马拉松比赛，这真让我们吃惊)(2) That John won the marathon surprised us.That引导的从句作主语，谓语是surprised。(3) Johns winning the marathon surprised us.将(2)中的主语从句John won the marathon变为动名词的复全 结构Johns winning the marathon来充当句子的主语。即主语从句就 变成了动名词形式。例：2 (1)That he lost the game came as a surprised to everybody.Tha

3、t引导的主语从句that he lost the game作主语，谓语是came。(他在比赛中失利，这让每个人都很意外)(2)His losing the game came as a surprise to everybody.将that he lost the game变为动名词的复合结构his losing the game来充当句子的主语。2. that引导的同位语从句与动名词简化that引导的同位语从句时，也是变同位语从句为一个动名词 的复合结构。但是，因为英语中没有“名词+动名词”这样的结构， 所以要在同位语从句修饰的名词后面加上一个介词，来连接名词与动 名词，同时表达同位语关系。

4、能担当此任的介词通常是of，偶尔可 以用about等。于是句子由原来的同位语从句结构“名词+that同位 语从句”变成了一个动名词结构名词+of+动名词的复合结构”。例:1(1)There was no chance that Davy would come from the battle alive. that 引导的同位语从句 Davy would come from the battle alive 补充说 明先行词chance,以表明chance的具体内容。(大卫不可能从战场上生还)(2)There was no chance of Davy coming from the battl

5、e alive.将(1)中的同位语从句 that Davy would come from the battle alive变为动名词的复合结构Davy coming from the battle alive,放在介词of后面，来补充说明chance。这里的of表示同位说明关系。例：2(1)We were greatly encouraged by the news that china had launched another man-made satellite.that引导的同位语从句补充说明先行词news,以表明news的具体 内容。(2)We were greatly encour

6、aged by the news of china having launched another man-made satellite.把中的同位语从句变为动名词的复合结构China having launched another man-made satellite.放在介词 of 后面，来补充说明 news。这里的of表示同位说明关系。3. that引导的宾语从句与动名词由that引导的宾语从句的简化较为复杂，因为它可以转换成动 名词，也可以转换成不定式，这主要与主句谓语动词的用法密切相关。例：1(1) I consider that I will emigrate to America

7、 in the future.that引导的宾语从句充当动词consider的宾语。(2) I consider emigrating to America in the future.例句(1)中的宾语从句 I will emigrate to America in the future变为动 名词 emigrating to America in the future.这是因为 consider 的后面 要接动名词，不能接不定式，因此该从句要简化为动名词。例：2(1) Janes mother insisted that she should go swimming with her br

8、other.That引导的宾语从句充当动词insisted的宾语。(简的妈妈坚持要求她和她哥哥一起去游泳)(2) Janes mother insisted on her going swimming with her brother.例句(1)中的宾语从句 she should go swimming with her brother 变为 动名词的复合结构her going swimming with her brother,并且之前还添 加了介词on，这是因为insist的后面要接介词on之后才能接宾语。例：(1) I hope that I can drive to work in m

9、y own car.( 我希望能开着 自己的车去上班)that引导的宾语从句充当动词hope的宾语。(2) I hope to drive to work in my own car.例句(1)中的宾语从句I can drive to work in my own car变为不定 式to drive to work in my own car,这是因为hope的后面要接不定式， 不能接动名词，因此该从句要简化为不定式。由以上例子可知：宾语从句是简化成动名词还是不定式形式，完全 取决于主句的谓语动词。二、名词性从句与不定式由疑问句变来的名词性从句，即由whether或what等引导的名 词从句一

10、般简化为不定式，主要是宾语从句简化为不定式。此时的宾语从句中往往含有情态动词，比较多见的是should或cancould。例：1(1) She cant decide whether she should go with him or stay home.(2) She cant decide whether to go with him or (to) stay home.由 whether 引导的宾语从句 whether she should go with him or stay home 变为不定式 whether to go with him or stay home, 这里的不 定

11、式具有“应该”的情态意义。她还没有决定，应该和他一起去还是就呆在家里。例：2(1) I havent decided whether I should vote for Clint.(2) I havent decided whether to vote for Clint.我还没有决定是否应该给克林特投标。例：3(1) I dont know what I should do.(2) I dont know what to do .由what引导的宾语从句what I should do变为不定式what to do,这里 的不定式具有“应该”的情态意义。例：4(1) Please tell

12、 me how I can get to the bus station.(2) Please tell me how to get to the bus station.由how引导的宾语从句变为不定式how to get to the bus station,这里 的不定式具有“能够”的情态意义。本节练习：简化下列名词从句1. The student denied that he had cheated on the exam.2. That the president was involved in the fraud is obvious.3. I consider that this

13、 is a far-reaching event.4. That he lost the game came as a surprise to everybody.5. That he worked all night in the rain caused him to catch a bad cold.6. The boy is worried about the possibility that he will fail in the exam.7. That he tries sending her girlfriend flowers every day is the only way

14、 he can think of to gain her favor.8. I remember that he once offered to help us if we ever got into trouble.9. You must tell me the truth. I insist that you should tell the truth.10. Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to the fact that it is always combined with other elements,most comm

15、only with oxygen.11. That children object to their parents remarrying has become a prevalent social problem.12. The teacher said that he wouldnt tolerate that I arrived late every day.13. That the girl was educated in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.14. The plumber tol

16、d me how I could fix the leak in the sink.15. Please tell me where I should meet you.16.I dont know whether I should believe him or not.17.Sam is getting dressed to go to a party, but is having trouble deciding on what clothes he should wear.18. He found two shirts he liked, but he had trouble decid

17、ing which one he should buy.19.I was tongue-tied. I didnt know what I should say.20. Going to the school dance is a lot of fun, But sometimes, deciding who I can go with isnt easy.21. A: I dont know what I should buy for her birthday.Got any suggestions?B: How about a book?答案. .1. The student denied

18、 having cheated on the exam.2. The presidents being involved in the fraud is obvious. Or the presidents involvement in the fraud is obvious.3. I consider this a far-reaching event. Or I consider this event far-reaching.4. His losing the game came as a surprise to everybody.5. His working all night i

19、n the rain caused him to catch a bad cold.6. The boy is worried about the possibility of failing in the exam.7. Trying sending her girlfriend flowers every day is the only way he can think of to gain her favor.8. I remember his once offering to help us if we ever got into trouble.9. You must tell me

20、 the truth, I insist on your telling the truth.10. Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements,most commonly with oxygen.11. Childrens objecting to their parents remarrying has become a prevalent social problem.12. The teacher said that he wouldnt

21、 tolerate my arriving late every day.13. The girls being educated in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.14. The plumber told me how to fix the leak in the sink.15. Please tell me where to meet you.16.I dont know whether to believe him or not.17.Sam is getting dressed to g

22、o to a party, but is having trouble deciding on what clothes to wear.18. He found two shirts he liked, but he had trouble deciding which one to buy.19. I was tongue-tied. I didnt what to say.20. Going to the school dance is a lot of fun.But sometimes,deciding who to go with isnt easy.21. A:I dont know what to buy for her birthday.Got any suggestions?