财务管理之海运术语索引doc

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1、A A A AAAAAAAAAAlways Afloat(In some ports the ship aground when approaching,orat berth.)AARAARAARAARAbbreviation for:-Against All Risks(insurance clause).-AssociationofAmerican Railroads.AbaftAbaftAbaftAbaftApoint beyond the midpoint of a ships length,towards the rear orstern.AbandonAbandonAbandonA

2、bandonAproceeding wherein a shipper/consignee seeks authority to abandonall or parts of their cargo.AbatementAbatementAbatementAbatementAdiscount allowed for damage or overcharge in the payment of a bill.ABIABIABIABIU.S.Customs Automated Broker Interface,by which brokers fileimporters entries electr

3、onically.AboardAboardAboardAboardReferring to cargo being put,or laden,onto a means of conveyance.AbsorptionAbsorptionAbsorptionAbsorptionOne carrier assumes the charges of another without any increase incharges to the shipper.AcceptanceAcceptanceAcceptanceAcceptance-Atime draft(or bill of exchange)

4、that the drawee(payer)hasaccepted and is unconditionally obligated to pay at maturity.-Broadlyspeaking,any agreement to purchase goods under specified terms.AccessorialAccessorialAccessorialAccessorialCharges Charges that are applied to the base tariff rate or base contractrate,e.g.,bunkers,containe

5、r,currency,destination/delivery.AcquiescenceAcquiescenceAcquiescenceAcquiescenceWhen a bill of lading is accepted or signed by a shipper or shippersagent without protest,the shipper is said to acquiesce to the terms,giving a silent form of consent.AcquittanceAcquittanceAcquittanceAcquittanceAwritten

6、 receipt in full,in discharge from all claims.ACSACSACSACS(A.C.S.)(A.C.S.)(A.C.S.)(A.C.S.)U.S.Customs master computer system,Automated CommercialSystems.ActActActAct ofofofof GodGodGodGodAn act beyond human control,such as lightning,flood or earthquake.AdAdAdAdValoremValoremValoremValoremAterm from

7、Latin meaning,according to value.AdministrativeAdministrativeAdministrativeAdministrative LawLawLawLaw JudgeJudgeJudgeJudgeArepresentative of a government commission or agency vested withpower to administer oaths,examine witnesses,take testimony,andconduct hearings of cases submitted to,or initiated

8、 by,that agency.Also called Hearing Examiner.AdmiraltyAdmiraltyAdmiraltyAdmiralty(Adm.)(Adm.)(Adm.)(Adm.)Refers to marine matters such as anAdmiralty Court.AdvanceAdvanceAdvanceAdvanceTomove cargo up line to a vessel leaving sooner than the one booked.(See Roll.)AdvancedAdvancedAdvancedAdvanced Char

9、geChargeChargeChargeTransportation charge advanced by one carrier to another to becollected by the later carrier from the consignor or consignee.AdventureAdventureAdventureAdventureShipment of goods on shippers own account.Abill of adventure is adocument signed by the master of the ship that carries

10、 goods at ownerrisk.AdviceAdviceAdviceAdvice ofofofof ShipmentShipmentShipmentShipmentAnotice sent to a local or foreign buyer advising that shipment hasgone forward and containing details of packing,routing,etc.Acopy ofthe invoice is often enclosed and,if desired,a copy of the bill oflading.Advisin

11、gAdvisingAdvisingAdvising BankBankBankBankAbank operating in the sellers country,that handles letters of credit inbehalf of a foreign bank.Affreightment,Affreightment,Affreightment,Affreightment,ContractContractContractContract ofofofofAn agreement by an ocean carrier to provide cargo space on a ves

12、sel ata specified time and for a specified price to accommodate an exporteror importer.AftAftAftAftMovement toward the stern(back end)of a ship.AgencyAgencyAgencyAgencyTariffTariffTariffTariffAtariff published by an agent on behalf of several carriers.AgentAgentAgentAgent(Agt.)(Agt.)(Agt.)(Agt.)Aper

13、son authorized to transact business for and in the name of anotherperson or company.Types of agent are:(1)brokers,(2)commissionmerchants,(3)resident buyers,(4)sales agents,5)manufacturersrepresentatives.AggregateAggregateAggregateAggregate ShipmentShipmentShipmentShipmentNumerous shipments from diff

14、erent shippers to one consignee that areconsolidated and treated as a single consignment.AgreedAgreedAgreedAgreed valuationvaluationvaluationvaluationThe value of a shipment agreed upon in order to secure a specificfreight rate.AgreedAgreedAgreedAgreedWeightWeightWeightWeightThe weight prescribed by

15、 agreement between carrier and shipper forgoods shipped in certain packages or in a certain number.A.I.D.A.I.D.A.I.D.A.I.D.Agency for International Development.AirAirAirAirWaybillWaybillWaybillWaybillThe forwarding agreement or carrying agreement between shipper andair carrier and is issued only in

16、nonnegotiable form.AllAllAllAll InInInInThe total price to move cargo from origin to destination,inclusive ofall charges.AlongsideAlongsideAlongsideAlongsideAphrase referring to the side of a ship.Goods delivered alongsideare to be placed on the dock or barge within reach of the transportships tackl

17、e so that they can be loaded.AlternativeAlternativeAlternativeAlternative RatesRatesRatesRatesPrivilege to use the rate producing the lowest charge.AmbientAmbientAmbientAmbient TemperatureTemperatureTemperatureTemperatureThe temperature of a surrounding body.The ambient temperature of acontainer is

18、the atmospheric temperature to which it is exposed.AmericanAmericanAmericanAmerican BureauBureauBureauBureau ofofofof ShippingShippingShippingShippingU.S.classification society which certifies seagoing vessels forcompliancetostandardizedrulesregardingconstructionandmaintenance.AMSAMSAMSAMSThe U.S.Cu

19、stoms Automated Manifest System.Anti-DumpingAnti-DumpingAnti-DumpingAnti-Dumping DutyDutyDutyDutyAtariff imposed to discourage sale of foreign goods,subsidized to sellat low prices detrimental to local manufacturers.AnyAnyAnyAny QuantityQuantityQuantityQuantity(A.Q.)(A.Q.)(A.Q.)(A.Q.)Usually refers

20、to a rating that applies to an article regardless of size orquantity.ApparentApparentApparentApparent GoodGoodGoodGood OrderOrderOrderOrderWhen freight appears to be free of damage so far as a general surveycan determine.AppraisementAppraisementAppraisementAppraisementDetermination of the dutiable v

21、alue of imported merchandise by aCustoms official who follows procedures outlined in their countrystariff,such as the U.S.TariffAct of 1930.AppraisersAppraisersAppraisersAppraisers StoresStoresStoresStoresThe warehouse or public stores to which samples of imported goodsare taken to be inspected,anal

22、yzed,weighed,etc.by examiners orappraisers.ArbitraryArbitraryArbitraryArbitraryAstated amount over a fixed rate to one point to make a rate toanother point.AverageAverageAverageAverageSee insurance.ArrivalArrivalArrivalArrival NoticeNoticeNoticeNoticeAnotification by carrier of ships arrival to the

23、consignee,the NotifyParty,and-when applicable-the Also Notify Party.These partiesin interest are listed in blocks 3,4 and 10,respectively,of the Bill ofLading.ASCASCASCASC X12X12X12X12American Standards Committee X12 responsible for developing EDIstandards for the United States.AssignmentAssignmentA

24、ssignmentAssignmentAterm commonly used in connection with a bill of lading.It involvesthe transfer of rights,title and interest in order to assign goods byendorsing the bill of lading.AsternAsternAsternAstern-Behind a vessel-Move in a reverse direction.A.T.A.A.T.A.A.T.A.A.T.A.American TruckingAssoci

25、ation.ATDNSHINCATDNSHINCATDNSHINCATDNSHINCAny time Day or Night Sundays&Holidays Included.AthwartshipsAthwartshipsAthwartshipsAthwartshipsAdirection across the width of a vessel.AvoirdupoisAvoirdupoisAvoirdupoisAvoirdupois PoundPoundPoundPoundSame as 0.4535924277 kilograms.AWWLAWWLAWWLAWWLAlways wit

26、hin Institute Warranties Limits(Insurance purpose).The terms in this glossary have been carefully selected from themyriad of terms one can encounter in the shippingbusiness.Wehope you will find it useful.This information isdisseminatedunderthesponsorshipoftheDepartmentofTransportation in the interes

27、t of information exchange.The U.S.Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof nordoes it endorse products.B B B BBBBBBBBBBallast Bonus(Special payment above the Chartering price when theship has to sail a long way on ballast to reach the loading port.)BBBBBBBBBareboat(Method of c

28、hartering of the ship leaving the charterer withalmost all the responsibilities of the owner.)B/LB/LB/LB/LAbbreviation for Bill of Lading.BackhaulBackhaulBackhaulBackhaulTohaul a shipment back over part of a route it has traveled.BAFBAFBAFBAFAbbreviation for Bunker Adjustment Factor.Used to compensa

29、testeamship lines for fluctuating fuel costs.Sometimes called FuelAdjustment Factor orFAF.BalloonBalloonBalloonBalloon FreightFreightFreightFreightLight,bulky articles.BankBankBankBank GuaranteeGuaranteeGuaranteeGuaranteeGuarantee issued by a bank to a carrier to be used in lieu of lost ormisplaced

30、original negotiable bill of lading.BarratryBarratryBarratryBarratryAn act committed by the master or mariners of a vessel,for someunlawful or fraudulent purpose,contrary to their duty to the owners,whereby the latter sustain injury.It may include negligence,if so grossas to evidence fraud.BarrelBarr

31、elBarrelBarrel(BBL)(BBL)(BBL)(BBL)Aterm of measure referring to 42 gallons of liquid at 60oF.BaseBaseBaseBase RateRateRateRateAtariff term referring to ocean rate less accessorial charges,or simplythe base tariff rate.BCOBCOBCOBCOAbbreviation for Beneficial Cargo Owner.Refers to the importer ofrecor

32、d,who physically takes possession of cargo at destination anddoes not act as a third party in the movement of such goods.BeamBeamBeamBeamThe width of a ship.BeltBeltBeltBelt LineLineLineLineAswitching railroad operating within a commercial area.BeneficiaryBeneficiaryBeneficiaryBeneficiary-Entity to

33、whom money is payable.-The entity for whom a letter of credit is issued.-The seller and the drawer of a draft.BerthBerthBerthBerthTermsTermsTermsTermsShipped under rate that includes cost from end of ships tackle at loadport to end of ships tackle at discharge port.BeyondBeyondBeyondBeyondUsed with

34、reference to charges assessed for cargo movement past aline-haul terminating point.BilateralBilateralBilateralBilateralAcontract term meaning both parties agree to provide something forthe other.BillBillBillBill ofofofof ExchangeExchangeExchangeExchangeIn the United States,commonly known as a Draft.

35、However,bill ofexchange is the correct term.BillBillBillBill ofofofof LadingLadingLadingLading(B/L)(B/L)(B/L)(B/L)Adocument that establishes the terms of a contract between a shipperand a transportation company.It serves as a document of title,acontract of carriage and a receipt for goods.-AmendedAm

36、endedAmendedAmended B/LB/LB/LB/L:B/L requiring updates that do not change financialstatus;this is slightly different from corrected B/L.-B/LB/LB/LB/L TermsTermsTermsTerms&ConditionsConditionsConditionsConditions:the fine print on B/L;defines what thecarrier can and cannot do,including the carriers l

37、iabilities andcontractual agreements.-B/LsB/LsB/LsB/Ls StatusStatusStatusStatus:represents whether the bill of lading has been input,rated,reconciled,printed,or released to the customer.-B/LsB/LsB/LsB/Ls TypeTypeTypeType:refers to the type of B/L being issued.Some examplesare:a Memo(ME),Original(OBL

38、),Non negotiable,Corrected(CBL)or Amended(AM)B/L.-CanceledCanceledCanceledCanceled B/LB/LB/LB/L:B/L status;used to cancel a processed B/L;usuallyper shippers request;different from voided B/L.-CleanCleanCleanClean B/LB/LB/LB/L:AB/L which bears no superimposed clause or notationwhich declares a defec

39、tive condition of the goods and/or thepackaging.-CombinedCombinedCombinedCombined B/LB/LB/LB/L:B/L that covers cargo moving over varioustransports.-ConsolidatedConsolidatedConsolidatedConsolidated B/LB/LB/LB/L:B/L combined or consolidated from two or moreB/Ls.-CorrectedCorrectedCorrectedCorrected B/

40、LB/LB/LB/L:B/L requiring any update which results in money orother financially related changes.-DomesticDomesticDomesticDomestic B/LB/LB/LB/L:Non-negotiable B/L primarily containing routingdetails;usually used by truckers and freight forwarders.-DuplicateDuplicateDuplicateDuplicate B/LB/LB/LB/L:Anot

41、her original Bill of Lading set if first set is lost.also known as reissued B/L.-ExpressExpressExpressExpress B/LB/LB/LB/L:Non-negotiable B/L where there are no hard copies oforiginals printed.-FreightFreightFreightFreight B/LB/LB/LB/L:Acontract of carriage between a shipper and forwarder(who is usu

42、ally a NVOCC);a non-negotiable document.-GovernmentGovernmentGovernmentGovernment B/LB/LB/LB/L(GBL)(GBL)(GBL)(GBL):Abill of lading issued by the U.S.government.-HitchmentHitchmentHitchmentHitchment B/LB/LB/LB/L:B/L covering parts of a shipment which are loadedat more than one location.Hitchment B/L

43、usually consists of twoparts,hitchment and hitchment memo.The hitchment portion usuallycovers the majority of a divided shipment and carries the entirerevenue.-HouseHouseHouseHouse B/LB/LB/LB/L:B/L issued by a freight forwarder or consolidatorcovering a single shipment containing the names,addresses

44、 andspecific description of the goods shipped.-IntermodalIntermodalIntermodalIntermodal B/LB/LB/LB/L:B/L covering cargo moving via multimodal means.Also known as Combined Transport B/L,or Multimodal B/L.-LongLongLongLong FormFormFormForm B/LB/LB/LB/L:B/L form with all Terms&Conditions written onit.M

45、ost B/Ls are short form which incorporate the long form clausesby reference.-MemoMemoMemoMemo B/LB/LB/LB/L:Unfreighted B/L with no charges listed.-Military B/L:B/L issued by the U.S.military;also known as GBL,orForm DD1252.-B/LB/LB/LB/L NumbersNumbersNumbersNumbers:U.S.Customs standardized B/L numbe

46、ring format tofacilitate electronic communications and to make each B/L numberunique.-NegotiableNegotiableNegotiableNegotiable B/LB/LB/LB/L:The B/L is a title document to the goods,issued tothe order of a party,usually the shipper,whose endorsement isrequired to effect is negotiation.Thus,a shippers

47、 order(negotiable)B/L can be bought,sold,or traded while goods are in transit and iscommonly used for letter-of-credit transactions.The buyer mustsubmit the original B/L to the carrier in order to take possession of thegoods.-Non-NegotiableNon-NegotiableNon-NegotiableNon-Negotiable B/LB/LB/LB/L:See

48、Straight B/L.Sometimes means a filecopy of a B/L.-OnboardOnboardOnboardOnboard B/LB/LB/LB/L:B/L validated at the time of loading to transport.Onboard Air,Boxcar,Container,Rail,Truck and Vessel are the mostcommon types.-OptionalOptionalOptionalOptional DischargeDischargeDischargeDischarge B/LB/LB/LB/

49、L:B/L covering cargo with more than onedischarge point option possibility.-OrderOrderOrderOrder B/LB/LB/LB/L:See Negotiable B/L.-OriginalOriginalOriginalOriginal B/LB/LB/LB/L:The part of the B/L set that has value,especially whennegotiable;rest of set are only informational file copies.Abbreviatedas

50、 OBL.-ReceivedReceivedReceivedReceived forforforfor ShipmentShipmentShipmentShipment B/LB/LB/LB/L:Validated at time cargo is received byocean carrier to commence movement but before being validated asOnboard.-ReconciledReconciledReconciledReconciled B/LB/LB/LB/L:B/L set which has completed a prescri

51、bed numberof edits between the shippers instructions and the actual shipmentreceived.This produces a very accurate B/L.-ShortShortShortShort TermTermTermTerm B/LB/LB/LB/L:Opposite of Long Form B/L,a B/L without the Terms&Conditionswritten on it.Also known as a Short Form B/L.The terms areincorporate

52、d by reference to the long form B/L.-SplitSplitSplitSplit B/LB/LB/LB/L:One of two or more B/Ls which have been split from asingle B/L.-StaleStaleStaleStale B/LB/LB/LB/L:Alate B/L;in banking,a B/L which has passed the timedeadline of the L/C and is void.-StraightStraightStraightStraight(Consignment)(

53、Consignment)(Consignment)(Consignment)B/LB/LB/LB/L:Indicates the shipper will deliver thegoods to the consignee.It does not convey title(non-negotiable).Mostoften used when the goods have been pre-paid.-ToToToTo OrderOrderOrderOrder B/LB/LB/LB/L:See Negotiable B/L.-UniqueUniqueUniqueUnique B/LB/LB/L

54、B/L IdentifierIdentifierIdentifierIdentifier:U.S.Customs standardization:four-alphacode unique to each carrier placed in front of nine digit B/L number;APLs unique B/L Identifier is APLU.Sea-land uses SEAU.Theseprefixes are also used as the container identification.-VoidedVoidedVoidedVoided B/LB/LB/

55、LB/L:Related to Consolidated B/L;those B/Ls absorbed inthe combining process.Different from Canceled B/L.BillBillBillBill ofofofof LadingLadingLadingLading PortPortPortPort ofofofof DischargeDischargeDischargeDischargePort where cargo is discharged from means of transport.BillBillBillBill ofofofof S

56、aleSaleSaleSaleConfirms the transfer of ownership of certain goods to another personin return for money paid or loaned.BillBillBillBill totototo PartyPartyPartyPartyCustomer designated as party paying for services.BilledBilledBilledBilledWeightWeightWeightWeightThe weight shown in a waybill and frei

57、ght bill,i.e,the invoicedweight.BlanketBlanketBlanketBlanket BondBondBondBondAbond covering a group of persons,articles or properties.BlanketBlanketBlanketBlanket RateRateRateRate-Arate applicable to or from a group of points.-Aspecial rate applicable to several different articles in a singleshipmen

58、t.BlanketBlanketBlanketBlanketWaybillWaybillWaybillWaybillAwaybill covering two or more consignments of freight.BlindBlindBlindBlind ShipmentShipmentShipmentShipmentAB/L wherein the paying customer has contracted with the carrier thatshipper or consignee information is not given.BlockBlockBlockBlock

59、 StowageStowageStowageStowageStowing cargo destined for a specific location close together to avoidunnecessary cargo movement.BlockedBlockedBlockedBlocked TrainsTrainsTrainsTrainsRailcars grouped in a train by destination so that segments(blocks)can be uncoupled and routed to different destinations

60、as the trainmoves through various junctions.Eliminates the need to break up atrain and sort individual railcars at each junction.BlockingBlockingBlockingBlocking orororor BracingBracingBracingBracingWood or metal supports(Dunnage)to keep shipments in place toprevent cargo shifting.Bls.Bls.Bls.Bls.Ab

61、breviation for Bales.BoardBoardBoardBoardTogain access to a vessel.BoardBoardBoardBoard FeetFeetFeetFeetThe basic unit of measurement for lumber.One board foot is equal to aone inch board,12 inches wide and one foot long.Thus,a board tenfeet long,12 inches wide,and one inch thick contains ten board

62、feet.BobtailBobtailBobtailBobtailMovement of a tractor,without trailer,over the highway.BogieBogieBogieBogieAset of wheels built specifically as rear wheels under the container.BolsterBolsterBolsterBolsterAdevice fitted on a chassis or railcar to hold and secure the container.BondBondBondBond PortPo

63、rtPortPortPort of initial Customs entry of a vessel to any country.Also known asFirst Port of Call.BondedBondedBondedBonded FreightFreightFreightFreightFreight moving under a bond to U.S.Customs or to the InternalRevenue Service,and to be delivered only under stated conditions.BondedBondedBondedBond

64、edWarehouseWarehouseWarehouseWarehouseAwarehouse authorized by Customs authorities for storage of goodson which payment of duties is deferred until the goods are removed.BookingBookingBookingBookingArrangements with a carrier for the acceptance and carriage of freight;i.e.,a space reservation.Bookin

65、gBookingBookingBooking NumberNumberNumberNumberReservation number used to secure equipment and act as a controlnumber prior to completion of a B/L.BottomBottomBottomBottom SideSideSideSide RailsRailsRailsRailsStructural members on the longitudinal sides of the base of thecontainer.Bottom-AirBottom-A

66、irBottom-AirBottom-Air DeliveryDeliveryDeliveryDeliveryAtype of air circulation in a temperature control container.Air ispulled by a fan from the top of the container,passed through theevaporator coil for cooling,and then forced through the space underthe load and up through the cargo.This type of airflow provides eventemperatures.BowBowBowBowThe front of a vessel.BoxcarBoxcarBoxcarBoxcarAclosed rail freight car.BreakBreakBreakBreak BulkBulkBulkBulk-Tounload and distribute a portion or all of th