数字信号处理英文翻译

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1、英文原文ThesimulationandtherealizationofthedigitalfilterWiththeinformationageandtheadventofthedigitalworld,digitalsignalprocessinghasbecomeoneoftodaysmostimportantdisciplinesanddoortechnology.Digitalsignalprocessingincommunications,voice,images,automaticcontrol,radar,military,aerospace,medicalandhouseho

2、ldappliances,andmanyotherfieldswidelyapplied.Inthedigitalsignalprocessingapplications,thedigitalfilterisimportantandhasbeenwidelyapplied.1、figuresUniton:AnaloganddigitalfiltersInsignalprocessing,thefunctionofafilteristoremoveunwantedpartsofthesignal,suchasrandomnoise,ortoextractusefulpartsofthesigna

3、l,suchasthecomponentslyingwithinacertainfrequencyrange.Therearetwomainkindsoffilter,analoganddigital.Theyarequitedifferentintheirphysicalmakeupandinhowtheywork.Ananalogfilterusesanalogelectroniccircuitsmadeupfromcomponentssuchasresistors,capacitorsandopampstoproducetherequiredfilteringeffect.Suchfil

4、tercircuitsarewidelyusedinsuchapplicationsasnoisereduction,videosignalenhancement,graphicequalisersinhi-fisystems,andmanyotherareas.Therearewell-establishedstandardtechniquesfordesigningananalogfiltercircuitforagivenrequirement.Atallstages,thesignalbeingfilteredisanelectricalvoltageorcurrentwhichist

5、hedirectanalogueofthephysicalquantity(e.g.asoundorvideosignalortransduceroutput)involved.Adigitalfilterusesadigitalprocessortoperformnumericalcalculationsonsampledvaluesofthesignal.Theprocessormaybeageneral-purposecomputersuchasaPC,oraspecialisedDSP(DigitalSignalProcessor)chip.Theanaloginputsignalmu

6、stfirstbesampledanddigitisedusinganADC(analogtodigitalconverter).Theresultingbinarynumbers,representingsuccessivesampledvaluesoftheinputsignal,aretransferredtotheprocessor,whichcarriesoutnumericalcalculationsonthem.Thesecalculationstypicallyinvolvemultiplyingtheinputvaluesbyconstantsandaddingtheprod

7、uctstogether.Ifnecessary,theresultsofthesecalculations,whichnowrepresentsampledvaluesofthefilteredsignal,areoutputthroughaDAC(digitaltoanalogconverter)toconvertthesignalbacktoanalogform.Notethatinadigitalfilter,thesignalisrepresentedbyasequenceofnumbers,ratherthanavoltageorcurrent.Unitreferstotheinp

8、utsignalsusedtofilterhardwareorsoftware.Ifthefilterinput,outputsignalsareseparated,theyareboundtorespondtotheimpactoftheUnitisseparated,suchasdigitalfiltersfilterdefinition.Digitalfilterfunction,whichwastoimportsequencesXtransformationintoexportoperationsthroughaseriesY.Accordingtofiguresfilterfunct

9、ion24-hourliveresponsecharacteristics,digitalfilterscanbedividedintotwo,namely,unlimitedlonglivelonglivethecorrespondingIIRfilterandthelimitedresponsetoFIRfilters.IIRfiltershavetheadvantageofthedigitalfilterdesigncanusesimulationresults,andsimulationfilterdesignofalargenumberoftablesmayfacilitatesim

10、ple.Itistheshortcomingsofthenonlinearphase;Linearphaseifrequired,willusetheentirenetworkphase-correction.Imageprocessingandtransmissionofdatacollectionisrequiredwithlinearphasefiltersidentity.AndFIRlinearphasedigitalfiltertoachieve,butanarbitrarymargincharacteristics.Impactfromthedigitalfilterrespon

11、seoftheunitscanbedividedintotwobroadcategories:theimpactofthelimitedresponse(FIR)filters,andunlimitednumberofshocksto(IIR)digitalfilters.FIRfilterscanbestrictlylinearphase,butbecausethesystemFIRfilterfunctionextremityfixedattheoriginalpoint,itcanonlyusethehighernumberofbandstoachievetheirhighselecti

12、vityforthesamefilterdesignindicatorsFIRfiltercalledbandthanafewhigh-IIR5-10times,thecostishigher,Signaldelayisalsolarger.Butifthesamelinearphase,IIRfiltersmustbenetwork-widecalibrationphase,thesamesectionalsoincreasethenumberoffiltersandnetworkcomplexity.FIRfilterscanbeusedtoachievenon-Diguiway,noti

13、nalimitedprecisionofashock,andintothehomesandquantitativefactorsofuncertaintyarisingfromtheimpactoferrorsthanIIRfiltersmallnumber,andFIRfiltercanbeusedFFTalgorithms,thecomputationalspeed.ButunlikeIIRfiltercanfilterthroughthesimulationresults,thereisnoready-madeformulaFIRfiltermustusecomputer-aidedde

14、signsoftware(suchasMATLAB)tocalculate.So,abroaderapplicationofFIRfilters,andIIRfiltersarenotverystrictrequirementsonoccasions.2、MATLABintroducedMATLABisamatrixlaboratory(MatrixLaboratory)isintended.Inadditiontoanexcellentvaluecalculationcapability,italsoprovidesprofessionalsymbolsterms,wordprocessin

15、g,visualizationmodeling,simulationandreal-timecontrolfunctions.MATLABastheworldstopmathematicalsoftwareapplications,withastrongengineeringcomputing,algorithmsresearch,engineeringdrawings,applicationsdevelopment,dataanalysisanddynamicsimulation,andotherfunctions,inaerospace,mechanicalmanufacturingand

16、constructionfieldsplayinganincreasinglyimportantrole.AndtheClanguagefunctionrich,theuseofflexibility,high-efficiencygoalsprocedures.Highlanguagebothadvantagesaswellaslowlevellanguagefeatures.Therefore,Clanguageisthemostwidelyusedprogramminglanguage.AlthoughMATLABisacomplete,fullyfunctionalprogrammin

17、genvironment,butinsomecases,dataandprocedureswiththeexternalenvironmentoftheworldisverynecessaryanduseful.FilterdesignusingMatlab,couldbeadjustedwiththedesignrequirementsandfiltercharacteristicsoftheparameters,visualsimple,greatlyreducingtheworkloadforthefilterdesignoptimization.Intheelectricitysyst

18、emprotectionandsecondarycomputercontrol,manysignalprocessingandanalysisarebasedonarecertaintypesYeroskipouandthesecondharmonicsofthesystemvoltageandcurrentsignals(especiallyatDprocess),aremixedwithavarietyofcomplexcomponents,thefilterhasbeeninstalledpowersystemduringthecriticalcomponents.Currentcomp

19、uterprotectionandtheintroductionoftwodigitalsignalprocessingsoftwaremainfilter.Digitalfilterdesignusingtraditionalcumbersomeformula,theneedtochangetheparametersafterrecalculation,especiallyinhighfilters,filterdesignworkload.UsesMATLABsignalprocessingboxescanachieverapidandeffectivedigitalfilterdesig

20、nandsimulation.MATLABisthebasicunitofdatamatrix,withitsdirectivesBiaodashimathematics,engineering,commonlyusedformisverysimilar,itisusedtosolveaproblemthaninMATLABC,FortranandotherlanguagesEndprecisionmuchthesamething.ThepopularMATLAB5.3/Simulink3.0includinghundredsofinternalfunctionwiththemainpacka

21、nd30typesoftoolkits(Toolbox).kitscanbedividedintofunctionaltoolkitsanddisciplinestoolkit.MATLABtoolkitusedtoexpandthefunctionalsymbolsterms,visualizationsimulationmodelling,wordprocessingandreal-timecontrolfunctions.professionaldisciplinestoolkitisastrongertoolkits,toolkitscontrol,signalprocessingto

22、olkit,toolkits,etc.belongingtosuchcommunicationsMATLABuserstoopenwidelywelcomed.Inadditiontotheinternalfunction,allthepackagesMATLABtoolkitsarereadabledocumentandthedocumentcouldbeamended,modifiedorusersthroughYuanchengxutheconstructionofnewprocedurestopreparethemselvesforkits.3、DigitalfilterdesignD

23、igitalfilterdesignofthebasicrequirementsDigitalfilterdesignmustgothroughthreesteps:(1) Identificationofindicators:Inthedesignofafilter,theremustbesomeindicators.Theseindicatorsshouldbedeterminedonthebasisoftheapplication.Inmanypracticalapplications,digitalfiltersareoftenusedtoachievethefrequencyoper

24、ation.Therefore,indicatorsintheformofgeneraljurisdictiongivenfrequencyrangeandphaseresponse.Marginskeyindicatorsgivenintwoways.Thefirstisabsoluteindicators.ItprovidesafunctiontorespondtothedemandsofthegeneralapplicationofFIRfilterdesign.Thesecondindicatoristherelativeindicators.Itsvalueintheformofan

25、swerstodecibels.Inengineeringpractice,themostpopularofsuchindicators.Forphaseresponseindicatorsforms,usuallyinthehopethatthesystemwithalinearphasefrequencybandshuman.Usinglinearphasefilterdesignwiththefollowingresponsetotheindicatorsstrengths:itonlycontainsafewalgorithms,nopluraloperations；thereisde

26、laydistortion,onlyafixedamountofdelay;thefilterlengthN(numberofbandsforN-1),thevolumecalculationforN/2magnitude.(2) Modelapproach:Onceidentifiedindicatorscanuseapreviousstudyofthebasicprinciplesandrelationships,afiltermodeltobeclosertothetargetsystem.(3) Achieved:theresultsoftheabovetwofilters,usual

27、lybydifferentialequations,systemfunctionorpulseresponsetodescribe.Accordingtothisdescriptionofhardwareorsoftwareusedtoachieveit.4、IntroducedFPGAProgrammablelogicdeviceisagenericlogiccanuseavarietyofchips,whichistoachieveASICASIC(ApplicationSpecificIntegratedCircuit)semi-customizeddevice,Itsemergence

28、anddevelopmentofelectronicsystemsdesignersuseCADtoolstodesigntheirownlaboratoryintheASICdevice.EspeciallyFPGA(FieldProgrammableGateArray)generatedanddevelopment,asamicroprocessor,memory,thefiguresforelectronicsystemdesignandsetanewindustrystandard(thatisbasedonstandardproductsalescatalogueinthemarke

29、ttobuy).Isadigitalsystemformicroprocessors,memories,FPGAorthreestandardbuildingblocksconstitutetheirintegrationdirection.DigitalcircuitdesignusingFPGAdevices,cannotonlysimplifythedesignprocessandcanreducethesizeandcostoftheentiresystem,increasingsystemreliability.Theydonotneedtospendthetraditionalse

30、nsealotoftimeandeffortrequiredtocreateintegratedcircuits,toavoidtheinvestmentriskandbecomethefastest-growingindustriesofelectronicdevicesgroup.DigitalcircuitdesignsystemFPGAdevicesusingthefollowingmainadvantages(1) DesignflexibleUseFPGAdevicesmaynotinthestandardseriesdevicelogicfunctionallimitations

31、.Andchangesinsystemdesignandtheuseoflogicinanyonestageoftheprocess,andonlythroughtheuseofre-programmingtheFPGAdevicecanbecompleted,thesystemdesignprovidesforgreatflexibility.(2) IncreasedfunctionaldensityFunctionaldensityinagivenspacereferstothenumberoffunctionalintegrationlogic.Programmablelogicchi

32、pcomponentsdoorsseveralhigh,aFPGAcanreplaceseveralfilms,filmscoresorevenhundredsofsmall-scaledigitalICchipillustratedinthefilm.FPGAdevicesusingthechiptousedigitalsystemsinsmallnumbers,thusreducingthenumberofchipsusedtoreducethenumberofprintedsizeandprinted,andwillultimatelyleadtoareductionintheovera

33、llsizeofthesystem.(3) ImprovereliabilityPrintingplatesandreducethenumberofchips,notonlycanreducesystemsize,butitgreatlyenhancedsystemreliability.Ahigherdegreeofintegrationthansystemsinmanylow-standardintegrationcomponentsforthedesignofthesamesystem,withmuchhigherreliability.FPGAdeviceusedtoreducethe

34、numberofchipsrequiredtoachievethesysteminthenumberprintedonthecordandjointsarereduced,thereliabilityofthesystemcanbeimproved.(4) ShorteningthedesigncycleAsFPGAdevicesandtheprogrammableflexibility,useittodesignasystemforlongerthantraditionalmethodsgreatlyshortened.FPGAdevicemasterdegreeshigh,useprint

35、edcircuitlayoutwiringsimple.Atthesametime,successintheprototypedesign,thedevelopmentofadvancedtools,ahighdegreeofautomation,theirlogicisverysimplechangesquickly.Therefore,theuseofFPGAdevicescansignificantlyshortenthedesigncyclesystem,andspeedupthepaceofproductintothemarket,improvingproductcompetitiv

36、eness.(5) WorkfastFPGA/CPLDdevicesworkfast,generallycanreachseveraloriginalHertz,farlargerthantheDSPdevice.Atthesametime,theuseofFPGAdevices,thesystemneededtoachievecircuitclassesandsmall,andthusthepaceofworkoftheentiresystemwillbeimproved.(6) IncreasedsystemperformanceconfidentialityManyFPGAdevices

37、haveencryptionfunctionsinthesystemwidelyusedFPGAdevicescaneffectivelypreventillegalcopyingproductswereothers(7) ToreducecostsFPGAdeviceusedtoachievedigitalsystemdesign,ifonlydeviceitselfintotheprice,sometimesyouwouldnotknowitadvantages,buttherearemanyfactorsaffectingthecostofthesystem,takentogether,

38、thecostadvantagesofusingFPGAisobvious.First,theuseofFPGAdevicesdesignedtofacilitatechange,shortendesigncycles,reducedevelopmentcostsforsystemdevelopment;Secondly,thesizeandFPGAdevicesallowautomationneedsplug-ins,reducingthemanufacturingsystemtolowercosts;Again,theuseofFPGAdevicescanenhancesystemreli

39、ability,reducedmaintenanceworkload,therebyloweringthecostofmaintenanceservicesforthesystem.Inshort,theuseofFPGAdevicesforsystemdesigntosavecosts.FPGAdesignprinciples:FPGAdesignanimportantguidingprinciples:thebalanceandsizeandspeedofexchange,theprinciplesbehindthedesignofthefilterexpressionofalargenu

40、mberofcertification.Here,areameansadesignexertionFPGA/CPLDlogicresourcesoftheFPGAcanbeusedtothetypicalconsumption(FF)andthesearchtable(IUT)tomeasuremoregeneralmeasurecanbeusedtodesignlogicequivalenceoccupiedbythedoorismeasured.pacemeansstabilityoperationsinthechipdesigncanachievethehighestfrequency,

41、thefrequencyofthetimeseriesdesignsituation,anddesigntomeettheclockcycle-PADtopad,ClockSetupTime,ClockHoldBeijing,Clock-to-OutputDelay,andothercharacteristicsofmanytimeseriescloselyrelated.Area(area)andspeed(speed)runsthroughthetwotargetsFPGAdesignalwaysistheultimatedesignqualityevaluationcriteria.On

42、thesizeandspeedofthetwobasicconcepts:balanceofsizeandspeedandsizeandspeedofswap.Onepairofsizeandspeedistheunityofoppositescontradictionsbody.Requirementsforthedesignofadesignwhilethesmallest,highestfrequencyofoperationisunrealistic.Morescientificgoalshouldbetomeetthedesignrequirementsofthedesigntime

43、series(includesrequirementsforthedesignfrequency)premise,thesmallestchipareaoccupied.Orinthespecifiedarea,thedesigntimeseriescushiongreaterfrequencyrunhigher.Thisfullyembodiesthegoalsofbothsizeandspeedbalancedthinking.Onthesizeandspeedrequirementsshouldnotbesimplyinterpretedasraisingthelevelanddesig

44、nengineersperfectsexualpursuit,andshouldrecognizethattheyareproductsandthequalityandcostofdirectrelevance.Iftimeseriescushionlargerdesign,runningrelativelyhighfrequency,thatthedesignJianzhuangxingstronger,morequalityassurancesystemasawhole;Ontheotherhand,thesmallersizeofconsumptiondesignismeanttoach

45、ieveinchipunitmorefunctionalmodules,thechipneedsfewer,theentiresystemhasbeensignificantlyreducedcost.Asacontradictionofthetwocomponents,thesizeandspeedisnotthesamestatus.Incontrast,meetthetimetablesandworkismoreimportantforsomefrequencywhenbothconflicts,theuseofpriorityguidelines.Areaandtheexchanger

46、ateisanimportantFPGAdesignideas.Theoretically,ifadesigntimeseriescushionlarger,canrunmuchhigherthanthefrequencydesignrequirements,thenwecanthroughtheuseoffunctionalmodulestoreducetheconsumptionoftheentirechipdesignarea,whichisusedforspacesavingsadvantagesofspeed;Conversely,ifthedesignofatimeseriesde

47、manding,lessthanordinarymethodsofdesignfrequencythengenerallyflowthroughthestringanddataconversion,parallelreproductionofoperationalmodule,designedtotakeonthewholestringandconversionandoperateintheexportmoduletochipinthedataandstringconversionfromthemacropointofviewthewholechipmeetstherequirementsof

48、processingspeed,whichisequivalenttotheareaofreproduction-rateincrease.Forexample.Assumingthatthedigitalsignalprocessingsystemis350Mb/sinputdataflowrate,andinFPGAdesign,dataprocessingmodulesformaximumprocessingspeedof150Mb/s,becausethedatathroughputprocessingmodulefailedtomeetrequirements,itisimpossi

49、bletoachievedirectlyintheFPGA.Suchcircumstances,theyshouldusearea-velocitythinking,atleastthreeprocessingmodulesfromthefirstdatasetswillbeimportedandconverted,andthenusethesethreemodulesparallelprocessingofdatadistribution,thentheresultsandstringconversion,wehavecompletedataraterequirements.Welookat

50、bothendsoftheprocessingmodules,datarateis350Mb/s,andinviewoftheinternalFPGA,eachsub-modulehandlesthedatarateis150Mb/s,infact,allthedatathroughputisdependentonthreesecuritymodulesparallelprocessingsubsidiarycompleted,thatisusedbymorechipareaachievehigh-speedprocessingthroughtheareaofreproductionforpr

51、ocessingspeedenhancementandachieveddesign.FPGAistheEnglishabbreviationFieldofProgrammableGateArrayforthesiteprogrammablegatearray,whichisinPal,Gal,Epld,programmabledevicebasistofurtherdeveloptheproduct.ItisasASIC(ASIC)inthefieldofasemi-customizedcircuitandtheemergenceofbothacustomizedsolutiontothesh

52、ortagecircuit,butovercometheoriginalprogrammabledevicesdoorscircuitfewlimitedshortcomings.FPGAlogicmodulearrayadoptedhome(LogicCellArray),anewconceptofinternallogicmodulesmayincludeCLB(ConfigurableLogicBlock),exportimportmoduleIOB(InputOutputBlock)andinternallinks(Interconnect)3.FPGAbasicfeaturesare

53、:(1)UsingFPGAASICdesignASICusingFPGAcircuits,thechipcanbeused,whileusersdonotneedtovotefilmsproduction.(2)FPGAdoothercustomizedorsemi-customizedASICcircuitsthroughouttheChinesespecimenfilms.3) FPGAinternalcapabilityandrichI/OYinjue.4) FPGAistheASICdesigncycle,theshortestcircuit,thelowestdevelopmentc

54、osts,risksamongthesmallestdevice5) FPGAusinghigh-speedChmoscrafts,lowconsumption,withCMOS,TTLlow-powercompatibleItcanbesaidthattheFPGAchipisforsmall-scalesystemstoimprovesystemintegration,reliabilityoneofthebestCurrentlyFPGAmanyvarieties,theRevenuesoftwareseries,TIcompaniesTPCseries,thefiexALTERAcom

55、panyseriesFPGAisstoredinfilmsfromtheinternalRAMproceduresfortheestablishmentofthestateofitswork,therefore,needtoprogrammedtheinternalRam.Dependingonthedifferentconfiguration,userscanuseadifferentprogrammingmethodsPluselectricity,FPGA,EPROMchipswillbereadintothefilm,programmingRAM中data,configurationi

56、scompleted,FPGAintoworkingorder.Diaodian,FPGAresumeintowhitefilms,theinternallogicofrelationsdisappear,FPGAtorepeateduse.FPGAsprogrammingisdedicatedFPGAprogrammingtool,usinggenericEPROM,promprogrammingdevicecan.WhentheneedtomodifyfunctionalFPGA,EPROMcanonlychangeis.Thus,withaFPGA,differentprogrammin

57、gdatatoproducedifferentcircuitfunctions.Therefore,theuseofFPGAveryflexible.ThereareavarietyofFPGAmodel:themainmodelforaparallelFPGAplusaEPROMmanner;FromthemodelcansupportanumberoffilmsFPGA;serialpromprogrammingmodelcouldbeusedserialpromFPGAprogrammingFPGA;Theexternalmodelcanbeengineeredasmicroproces

58、sorsfromitsprogrammingmicroprocessors.VerilogHDLisahardwaredescriptionlanguageforthealgorithmlevel,doorsatthelevelofabstractleveltoswitch-leveldigitalsystemdesignmodelling.Modellingofthetargetfigurebythecomplexityofthesystemcanbesomethingsimpledoorsandintegrityofelectronicdigitalsystems.Digitalsyste

59、mtothelevelsdescribed,andinthesamemannerdescribedinHin-timeseriesmodelling.VerilogHDLlanguagewiththefollowingdescriptionofcapacity:designbehaviourcharacteristics,designdataflowcharacteristics,compositionandstructuredesignedtocontrolandcontainthetransmissionandwaveformdesignacertificationmechanism.Al

60、lthiswiththeuseofamodellinglanguage.Inaddition,VerilogHDLlanguageprogramminglanguageinterfaceprovidedbytheinterfaceinsimulation,designcertificationfromtheexternaldesignofthevisit,includingspecificsimulationcontrolandoperation.VerilogHDLlanguagegrammarisnotonlyadefinition,butthedefinitionofeachgramma

61、rstructureareclearsimulation,simulationexercises.Therefore,theuseofsuchlanguagetouseVerilogsimulationmodelspreparedbyacertification.FromtheCprogramminglanguage,thelanguageinheritedmultipleoperatingsitesandstructures.VerilogHDLprovidesmodellingcapacityexpansion,manyoftheinitialexpansionwouldbedifficu

62、lttounderstand.However,thecoresubsetsofVerilogHDLlanguageveryeasytolearnanduse,whichissufficientformostmodellingapplications.Ofcourse,theintegrityofthehardwaredescriptionlanguageisthemostcomplexchipsfromtheintegrityoftheelectronicsystemsdescribed.historyVerilogHDLlanguageinitiallyin1983byGatewayDesi

63、gnAutomationcompaniesforproductdevelopmentsimulatorhardwaremodellinglanguage.Thenitisonlyadedicatedlanguage.Sincetheirsimulation,simulationdeviceswidelyusedproducts,VerilogHDLasauser-friendlyandpracticallanguageformanydesignersgraduallyaccepted.Inanefforttoincreasethepopularityofthelanguageactivitie

64、s,VerilogHDLlanguagein1990wasapublicarea.OpenVerilogInternational(OVI)istopromotethedevelopmentofVeriloginternationalorganizations.1992,decidedtopromoteOVIOVIstandardsasIEEEVerilogstandards.Theeffortwillultimatelysucceed,aIEEE1995Veriloglanguagestandard,knownasIEEEStd1364-1995.IntegritystandardsinVe

65、riloghardwaredescriptionlanguagereferencemanualcontainsadetaileddescription.5、IntroductionofDSPToday,DSPiswidelyusedinthemoderntechnologyandithasbeenthekeypartofmanyproductsandplayedmoreandmoreimportantroleinourdailylife.Recently,NorthwesternPolytechnicalUniversityAviationMicroelectronicCenterhascom

66、pletedthedesignofdigitalsignalsignalprocessorcoreNDSP25,whichisaimingatTMS320C25digitalsignalprocessorofTexasInstrumentTMS320series.Byusingtop2downdesignflow,NDSP25iscompatiblewithinstructionandinterfacetimingofTMS320C25.Digitalsignalprocessors(DSP)isafitforreal-timedigitalsignalprocessingforhigh-speeddedicatedprocessors,themainvarietyusedfo