时间状语从句的从属连词

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1、导时间状语从句的从属连词很多，如较基本的有before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, as soon as 等：Things were different when I was a child.我小时候情况与现在不同。We must strike while the iron is hot.我们要趁热打铁。Its a long time since I met you last.从上次见到你，已有很长时间了。He waited until she was about to leave.他等着一直到她准备离开。除以上基本的引导时间状语从

2、句的从属连词外，还有些本来不是从属连词却可用作从属连词的词：（1）表示“一就”的从属连词：the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no sooner.than, hardly.when 等。如：Immediately he came I told him the news.他一来我就把消息告诉了他。The moment I saw him I knew there was no hope.我一看到他就知道没希望了。We had no sooner set o

3、ut than it began to rain.我们刚出发就下雨了。Once he arrives, we can start.他一来我们就可以开始。 涉及 time 的几个从属连词：every time（每次），each time（每次），（the） next time（下次），any time（随 时），the last time（上次），the first time（第一次）。如：Every time I see her Ill think of it.每次我看到她，我就想起这事。He felt nervous each time she spoke to him.每次她和他讲话，他都

4、感到紧张。He didnt tell me the last time I saw him.我上次见到他时他没告诉我。与时间状语从句有关的时态问题关于这个问题有两点值得注意：（1）当主句为将来时态或具有将来意义时，时间状语从句通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能 直接使用将来时态：Turn off the lights before you leave. 走前关灯。I will tell him as soon as he arrives.他一来我就告诉他。（2）与since从句搭配的主句的时态通常是现在完成时态：He has lived here since 1999.自1999年以来，他

5、就一直住在这儿。Where have you been since I last saw you?自我上次见到你之后你到哪里去了 ？【注】在特定的语言环境中有时也可能用讨去完成时或一般现在时:It seems like years since we last met.我们似乎几年未见面了。Yesterday he told me that he hadnt eaten anything since Tuesday.他昨天告诉我自星期二以来他一直未 吃任何东西。时间状语从句when, while和as引导时间状语从句的用法这三个词的意思很简单，都有“当时候”的意思。但学生经常会问三个词的区别在哪

6、儿，特别是在 做选择题的时候。别说是学生，就我个人而言，做这样的选择题要保证百分之百的正确也是不可能的。现 根据大量的实例和个人的思考，做一点小结，供大家参考。一、when的用法如果只从现象来看，when从句用的最多的是一般过去时，而主句的时态没有限制,根据具体情况而定。1. When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas.他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想。2. When she came into my room, I was just reading a book.她走进我房间时，我正在看书。3. Were you writing

7、 when the teacher came in?老师进来的时候，你在写信吗？4. Sorry, I was out when you called me.对不起，你打电话来的时候我出去了。5. He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door.他正要走，这时有人敲门。6. I thought of it just when you opened your mouth.就在你要说话的时候，我也想到了。7. I had hardly scarcely closed my eyes when someone knock

8、ed at the door.我刚一闭上眼，就有人在敲门了。根据以上的例句，我们可以总结出一点：when从句的A事件，相当于另一个事件B发生的时间点。也就 是说，when从句的重点不在动作本身发生的状态，而只是把它作为一个时间点，所以when多数情况下用 的是一般过去时，则不用正在进行时。因为如果用正在进行时，它表示的就是一段时间而不是一个时间点 了。根据这一点，有的文章补充说：when从句的动词大多是瞬时动词。这种说法也可以参照。实际上，when从句也可以有其它的时态，但几乎也不用进行时，因为它也只是作为一个时间参照点。例 如：1. When I got to the airport, th

9、e guests had left.当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。2. When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest.当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。3. Why do you want a new job when you have got such a good one already?你已经找到如此好的工作，为何还想再找新的？4. You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it.在我读完这本书后，你可以借阅。5. When the manager c

10、omes here for a visit next week, I ll talk with him about this. 下周，经理来这参观时，我会和他谈谈此事。二、while的用法相比于when来说，while从句的侧重点就不一样了。while从句的侧重点在于描述动作正在发生的状 态，它的意思是：当while事件正在发生的时候，另一件事如何如何。所以，while从句一般用的是正在 进行时。而另一件事的状态没有硬性的要求，根据具体情况而定。例如：1. While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.当妻子正在看报纸的时

11、候，我正在看电视。2. While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him.正当吉姆修自行车时，林涛来看他。3. While they were talking, the bell rang.正在他们谈话的时候，上课铃响了。4. You can t do your homework while you re watching TV.你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业。5. While John was sitting biting his nails, I was working out a plan to get us home 约翰坐

12、在那里咬指甲时，我正在制定一个回家的计划。从时间的角度来看，while表示的是一段时间，是一个过程。这是while的侧重点。因此，如果含有“一 段时间”的含义的时候，就可以用while。6. Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。这句话中，是说趁着铁是热的这段时间，赶紧打铁。如果换成when意思就变了，相当于说铁只热了一 下，打一下，然后铁就冷了。这显然不符合文意。再例：一Im going to the post office.一While youre there, can you get me some stamps?三、as的用法as从句表示的也是一件事情正在

13、发生，另一件事也正在进行当中。但与while从句不同的是，as从句 用的一般不用正在进行时，而只是一般过去时。as从句一般可以翻译成“边边”。例如：1. As my mother sang those old songs, tears ran down her cheeks. 当我妈妈唱起那些老歌时，眼泪顺着她的脸颊流了下来。2. The students took notes as they listened.学生们边听课边做笔记。3. As we talked on, he got more and more excited.我们继续往下谈的时候，他越来越兴奋。4. The little

14、girls sang as they went.小姑娘们一边走，一边唱。5. Just as he caught the ball, there was a tearing sound.当他抓住球的时候，有一种撕裂的声音。as表达的事件，往往只是主句动作发生的背景或条件时，as只是一个次要的时间说明，不像while从 句有强调while动作本身的意思。因此，as常常翻译成“随着”之意。例如：1. As the time went on， the weather got worse.随着时间的推移，气候更加糟糕。2. The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner

15、 as the height increases.随着高度的增加，大气越来越稀薄。3. As years go by， China is getting stronger and richer.随着时间一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强了。少数情况下，如果强调动作正在发生，as从句也可以用正在进行时。这只能算是特例了。1. The sad mother sat on the roadside, shouting as she was crying. 伤心的妈妈坐在路边，边哭边叫喊。2. As we were going out, it began to snow.正当我们出门时，雪开始下起来。3

16、. He came in as I was going to bed.我正要上床睡觉，他进来了。四、when, while, as 的互换如果从句动作和主句动作同时发生，并且从句动作为延续性动词时，when，while，as可以互换使用。 这种情况下，它们的细微区别恐怕连英、美人自己也说不清了。1. When / While /As we were dancing, a stranger came in. 当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。dance为延续性动词2. When /While /As she was making a phone call, I was writing a let

17、ter.当她在打电话时，我正在写信。make为延续性动词3. While/When/ As I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the bank.我顺着马路往前走时，发现银行门前停着一辆警车。五、比较 while, when, as1）as, when引导短暂性动作的动词。例如： Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 我刹车后，有一个人向我走来。2）当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when引导这个从句

18、，不可用as或while。 例如：When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.干完活后，你可以休息一下。3）从句表示“随时间推移”连词能用as，不用when或while。例如：As the day went on, the weather got worse.日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。2）比较 until 和 till此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时”，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表 达的意思是“直至某时才做某事”。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就 在于判断句中的动词该用肯定

19、式还是否定式。肯定句：I slept until midnight.我一直睡到半夜时醒了。Wait till I call you.等着我叫你。（在肯定句中可用 before 代替。例如：Lets get in the wheat before the sun sets.）否定句：She didnt arrive until 6 oclock.她直到6点才到。Dont get off the bus unt il it has stopped.公共汽车停稳后再下车。I didnt manage to do it until you had explained how.直到你教我后，我才会做。区

20、别：1） until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。例如：Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。3）until when疑问句中，until要放在句首。例如：Until when are you staying?你呆到什么时候？Unt il next Monday.呆到下周一。 注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。4）Not until在句首，主句用倒装。例如：Not until the early years of the 19th century did man kno

21、w what heat is. 直到19世纪初，人类才知道热为何物。Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.直到工作，才认识到我已蹉跎了许多岁月。5）It is not until that.例如：It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.6）表示一就”的结构hardly/scarcelywhen/before, no soonerthan 和 as soon as都可以表示“一一就”的意思。

22、例如：I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.冈U回家，就下起雨来了。I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.As soon as I got home, it began to rain.注意：如果hardly, scarcely或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构。例如：Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.No sooner had I got home than it began

23、to rain.六、练习：在下列各句的空格中填入适当的连词1. he comes tomorrow, I shall ask where he has bee n.2. he was speaking, everybody listened carefully.3. I saw her justshe was getting off the train.4- Have a good look at that man you pass him5- It was already eight oclockwe got there6. I was about to go outa visitor ca

24、me 7- Well go to the country at the beginning of June, the summer harvest will start.8. He learned to speak Germanhe was in Berli n.9. Henry is in charge of the officeMr. Smith is awa y.10. I listen to the recorderI have time 11. He had learned Chinesehe came to China 12. the work was done, we sat d

25、own to sum up experience 13. I havent seen himhe moved to the other side of the tow n14. I waitedhe came back 15. It was not he took off his eyeglasses that I recognized him16. She likes everything to be in place she starts to work17. The thieves ran away they caught sight of the police18. They deci

26、ded to go back home their money ran out19. We played outside till sunset, it began to rain。20 I get to the airport, I will phone you to pick me up.21They were about to leave itbegan to rain22He always stay in bed lunchtime23I like playing tennis myyounger sisterprefers watching ball games24.I unders

27、tand yourviewpoint, I don t agreewithyou.25.she grew older, shebecame more responsibleKey:1.When2.While / When3as4. when/as5. when6.when7.when8. while9.while10.whenever 11before12. After13 since14.till/until15.until 16.before17.as soon as 18.before19. when 20.As soon as21w hen22. until23. while24. While 25. As