高中英语定语从句汇总讲解及练习题

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1、定语从句 一、1.定语：跟主谓宾一样是一种句子成分。修饰某一中心名词或代词（可以是形容词、短语）a lovely boy a happy life ; a red appleThis is the garden near our school.2.从句：相对于主句而言的，跟从主句之后的一个句子（连接词加一个主谓宾的结构）连接词是以wh、th开头的引导词引导。之前学过一些从句。Fg: He said that he would go there next day.3. This is the man. The man helped me yesterday. This is the man _h

2、elped me yesterday.造句：正在打篮球的那个男孩是我弟弟。(1) 定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。(2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有: that, which, who, whom, whose,as等关系副词有: when, where, why关系词的作用：1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）常用的关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语常用

3、的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）: when、why、 whereThe student who answered the question was John. I know the reason why he was so angry.The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother. Id like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 定语从句三步：第一找出先行词，区分人和物。第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的关系词。The boy saw a butter

4、fly flying in the small garden just now.(分析句子成分). 几个关系代词的基本用法：that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who或 whom；指物时，相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如：1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. (主语)2. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?3. You can take anything (

5、 that) you like. （宾语）4. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about?5. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.6. Shes no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.（表语）7. Our hometown is no longer the one (that) it used to be.= Our hometown is not the same as it used to be

6、.= Our hometown is different from what it used to be。= Our hometown is not what it used to be.which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。如：1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主语）2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.（宾语）3. The factory in which his father works

7、 is far from here.4. He was proud, which his brother never was. （表语）5. Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French.（定语）6. He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him.who, whom, whose:who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，在口语或非正式用法中作宾语; 只可指人whom: 宾格，在从句中作宾语; 只可指人whose: 所属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也

8、可指物。I like the students who/that work hard. （主语）All who heard the story were amazed. (代词如he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用who.)Chaplin, for whom life had once been very hard, was a success as an actor. （宾语）Hes a man from whom we should learn. = Hes a man (whom/who/that) we should learn from.比较：He i

9、s the student whom you think to be worthy of your praise.He is the student who you think is worth praising.A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.（指人）Id like a room whose window faces south. （指物）=Id like a room of which the window faces south. =Id like a room the window of which faces so

10、uth.There is a teapot shaped like a Chinese duck, out of whose mouth tea is supposed to come 介词加关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。The school in which he once studied is very famous.This is the book for which you asked. =This is the book (that/which) you asked for.Do you know the person wi

11、th whom I shook hands？= Do you know the person (whom/who/that) I shook hands with?The beginning of agriculture was a big step in human progress with which nothing could compare until our information age.In the dark street, there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.Is this the facto

12、ry to which you paid a visit last week?Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week?This is the girl whom they are looking after. 介词after与look构成固定词组，不可前置。look at, look for, look after, take care of等). 关系副词引导的定语从句:When 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词（如：time, day, week, tear, month, etc.）He

13、 came last night when I was out.We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather would be better.注意：先行词为时间名词，可用when引导定语从句，when在定语从句中作状语；还可以用which或that 引导，which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。比较: I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army.（作状语）Next month, when you will be in your

14、hometown, is just around the corner.I still remember the days which/that we spent together. （作宾语） Next winter which/that youll spend in Harbin, Im sure, will be exciting.I shall never forget the day when Shen Zhou was launched, which has a great effect on my life.There are occasions when joking is n

15、ot permissible.I will never forget the days I spent in Tibet.I will never forget the days I studied in TibetWhere 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词，如：place, school, factory, room, etc. This is the place where I was born. I live in the room where /in which he used to live. 注意：先行词是地点名词，定语从句可用where引导，还可用whi

16、ch或that引导，which/that 在从句中作主语或宾语。 比较: This is the factory where /in which he worked last year. （作状语）The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point where he can walk correctly and safely. I think you have got to the point where a change is needed, or you would fail.Government reports,

17、 legal papers and most business letters are the main situations where English is used. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation where hes likely to lose control of the plane.The small mountain village where we spent our holiday last month lies in what /the place which is now part of Hubei.This is

18、the park which/that they visited last year. （作宾语）Not having been there before, he simply had no idea about the place, which everyone says is worth visiting.Why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。先行词为reason 时，可用for which指代；当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that 引导。如：The reason why / for which / (that) he didnt attend the meeting

19、 was that he was ill.I dont believe the reason (that/which) he gave me. （作宾语） Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success? （作主语）Ex.) He was late .Thats because he got up late. .He got up late. Thats why he was late.(表语从句) (the reason) why/for which he was late. (定语从句)当先行词为way时，定语从句常用t

20、hat, in which,或how引导，that常可以省略。way后的定语从句 的引导词不用时较多。但如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that 引导。如:This is the way (that) /in which I do such things.比较: Please do the experiment in the way （that/which）I have shown you. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：1. 形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。2. 语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用that.3. 语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作

21、用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。This is the book I like best. 这就是我最喜欢的那本书。Beijing, which has been Chinas capital for more than 800 years , is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。4. 翻译时，限制性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为的字结构）；而非限制性定语从句可译为两句。（见上句翻译）比较

22、: He has a sister, who is a musician. He has a sister who is a musician.引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用who, whom, whose , 指物时用which , whose; 关系副词when，where, why, etc.1. He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life.2. Toms father, who arrived just now, is a famous sc

23、ientist.3. They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.4. He was proud, which his brother never was. . 几个易混淆的关系代词的比较:that & which:在定语从句中，which 和that 在指代事物时，一般可以互换使用，但并非在任何情况下都是这样，这里介绍宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情况.先行词为不定代词,all,much,something,everything,anythi

24、ng,nothing,none,the one等, 1.We should do all that is useful to the people .2.Theres nothing that can be said about it .3.Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday?先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等词修饰时。1.The only thing that we could do was to wait.2.Thats the very word that is w

25、rongly used.The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works.You can take any (=whichever) seat that is free.I hope the little that I can will be of some help to them.比较 *This is one of the best novels that were published last year.*This is the only one of the best novels that was published l

26、ast year.先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。1.When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.2.This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。1.This is the best that can be done now.2.The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him fro

27、m going on.先行词既有人又有物，用which和who都不适合，这时宜用that. 如：1.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known .2.The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.被修饰词为数词时. 1.Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can se

28、e the two that are still alive .如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个关系代词宜用that，以避免语言的单调或重复。Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that，以避免重复。1. Which is the book that you like best?2. Who is the man that is standing at the gate?主句是There be 结构，修饰其主

29、句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词. 如：1. There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.被修饰成分为表语时，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that . 1. Thats a good book that will help you a lot.2. My home village is no longer the place ( that ) it used to be .定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情况:当关系代词的前面有介词时. 1.A zoo is a park in which

30、many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.2.Is this the room in which Mr. White lives?在非限制性定语从句中. 1.Crusoes dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .2.More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country. (which指代主句)在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从

31、句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which . 1. Let me show you the novel，that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us. 2. At the station I bought some magazines that might help me to pass the time on the train and which I could pass on to others when I finished them.当关系代词后面带有插入语时. 1. Heres the English

32、 grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.先行词本身是that, 宜用which . Whats that which she is looking at?先行词是those+复数名词. A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.(B) who & that:who 和 that 指代人时，有些情况宜用who, 而不宜用that 先行词为anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, h

33、e, people时. 如：1.The person I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works well.2.Anyone who (=Whoever) failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason .3.Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once4.I dont like the ones (= those ) who talk big.5.Persons

34、who are quarrelsome are despised.在There be 结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who 指代人. 如：1.There is a gentleman who wants to see you .2.There are several students in our class who are still not sure about the use of attributive clauses.当先行词有较长的后置定语时. 如：1. I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could

35、speak Chinese very well.一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that ,另一个则宜用who, 以免重复. 如：1. The student that was praised at yesterdays meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard .as & which: as & which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别：位置的不同：which 引导的定语从句只置于所限制的 句子后；as 位置较灵活，也就是说as可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。如：1. He

36、 was late again, which made his teacher very angry.2. Jack, as you know, is an honest man. 或Jack is an honest man , as you know. 或As you know, Jack is an honest man.先行词的不同：as引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子；which引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词，一个短语或一个句子。He was proud, which his brother never was. （先行词是一个词） She was very

37、 patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was. He was proud, which I dislike very much.（先行词是一个句子）He is an honest man, as is known to all. He was a foreigner, as I know from his accent.as 一般译为正如就像，这一点as we all know；as you know; as is known to all; as you see; as we can see; as has been

38、expected; as we have imagined.1.The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.A.until B.that C.when D.where3.Aften living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A.which B.where C.that D.when4.This is the hotel _ last

39、month.A.which they stayed B.at that they stayed C.where they stayed at D.where they stayed5.Do you known the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A.which B.that C.when D.on which6.That is the day _Ill never forget.A.which B.on which C.in which D.when 7.I have bought two ballpens, _writes we

40、ll.A.none of them B.neither of themC.neither of which D.none of which 8.Is _some German friends visited last week?A.this school B.this the schoolC.this school one D.this school where9.This is one of the best films_.A.that have been shown this year B.that have shown C.that has been shown this year D.

41、that you talked10.Can you lend me the book _the other day?A.about which you talked B.which you talkedC.about that you talked D.that you talked1.C 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.C 8. B 9.A 10.A1The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.A. for which B. at which C. in which

42、 D. on which2 Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _, of course, made the others envy him.A. who B. that C. what D. which3 If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.A. that B. which C. when D. where4Women _ drink more than two cu

43、ps of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont.A. who ; 不填 B. 不填 ; who C. who ; who D. 不填; 不填5The Beatles, _ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.A. what B. that C. how D. as6. Some pre-school children go to a day care center,_ they learn si

44、mple games and songs.A. then B. there C. while D. where7 The book was written in 1946, _ the education system has witnessed great charges. Awhen Bduring which Csince then Dsince when8. The Science Museum, _ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions. A. which B

45、. what C. that D. where9. Yesterday she sold her car, _ she bought a month ago. A. when B. where C. that D. which 10. By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _appeared a rare rainbow soon. A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which 1、The knife

46、 we used to cut the bread is very sharp.AwhichBwithCwith itDwith which2、The brave man, the tiger was shot, is a good hunter.Aof whomBby thatCby whomDby which3、The clever boy made a hole in the wall, he could see what it was going on inside the house.Aon whichBat whichCthrough whichDin which4、The bea

47、utiful dress Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers.Ain whichBworn byCthrough whichDon which5、During the days , he worked as a servant at the Browns.Athat followedBto followCfollowingDfollowed6、You may take anything useful .Awhich you wantByou want themCwhat you wantDyou want

48、7、My hometown is no longer the same it used to be.Alike BthatCasDwhich8、The old woman has two sons, one is a teacher.Aof whoBof whomCof whichDof them9、You can take any seat is free.Ain which BthatCwhereDwhich10、Is there anything to you?Athat belongBwhich belongsCthat belongsDthat is belonged11、We ho

49、pe to get such a tool he is using.AwhereBthatCasDwhich12、Finally came the day he had to begin his study for the next term.AtillBthatCsinceDwhich13、She hasnt got enough money she buys the rings.Afor whichBwith whichCthatDwhich14、Ive read all the books were borrowed from the library.AtheyBwhichC/Dthat

50、15、This is the best hotel in the city I know.AitBwhereCthatDwhich16、Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn?AitBwhichC/Dthat17、The Second World War millions of people were killed ended in 1945.Aon whichBwhereCin thatDduring which18、The train she was traveling was lateAon thatBfor whichCon whichDwhich

51、19、Winter is the time of year the days are short and nights are long.Aon whichBthatCwhenDwhere20、Ill show you a store you may buy all you need.Athat, thatBwhich, thatCwhere, whichDin which, /21、I still remember the day she first wore that pink dress.Aon whichBon thatCin which Dwhich22、Do you know th

52、e reason she got so angry yesterday ?AwhyBwhichCfor thatDfor why23、Is some German friends visited last week ?Athis school whereBthis school oneCthis the schoolDthis school24、Is there any one in your class family is in the city.AwhoseBwhichCwhosDwho25、Can you lend me the book the other day ?Awhich yo

53、u talkedBthat you talkedCabout that you talkedDyou talked about26、This is one of the best films this year.Awhich has been shownBthat have been shownCthat have shownDhave been shown27、Do you know the man ?Athat I spokeBI spoke toCto who I spokeDwhom I spoke28、There are two thousand students in our sc

54、hool, are girls.Atwo-thirds in whichBtwo-thirds in themCtwo-thirds of them Dof whom two thirds29、I have bought two ball-pens, writes well.Aneither of themBnone of themCneither of whichDnone of which30、He built a telescope he could study the skies.Aby itBthrough whichCwith thatDin which31、Do you know

55、 the reason he was late?Afor whichBfor whatCwhichDthat32、 has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules.AAsBThatCWhatDWhich33、John got beaten in the game, had been expected.AwhoBwhatCthatDas34、Theyre invented me to their party, is kind of them.AthisBthatCwhichDas35、Crusoes dog became ill and d

56、ied, made him very lonely.AthisBthatCwhichDas36、There isnt so much noise in the country in big cities.AasBwhereCwhichDthat37、I often thought of my childhood, I lived on a farm.AwhoBwhenCwhereDwhich38、Next month, youll be in your hometown, is coming.AwhereBwhenCthatDwhich39、The next thing must be done is to make a plan.AwhichBthatCwhenD/40、He talked happily about the men and books interested him greatly in the school.AthatBwhenCwhoDwhich