高考作文之结构-记叙文

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1、高考作文之结构记叙文记叙文是英语作文中最常用、最基本的一种文体。也是高考英语书面表达中常考的文体。它以记叙和描写为主要手段，通过写人、记事、写景来表达作者思想或感情。常见的高考记叙文包括故事、人物介绍、游记、新闻报道等。常考题多以看图作文或根据故事情节写作文的形式出现。记叙文的写作要点1. 六要素：要交待清楚记叙文“六要素”，即时间、地点、人物、事件起因、经过、结果（when，where，who，why，what，how）。2. 叙述方式：事情的叙述通常有四种手法：顺叙、倒叙、插叙和夹叙夹议。最常用的是顺叙。3. 时态：时态通常使用与过去有关的时态，如一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将

2、来时。4. 人称：通常用第一人称或第三人称写作，第一人称主要写自己的经历，可增强文章的真实感和感染力；第三人称主要写他人的经历或事迹。高考记叙文的篇章结构开头 the beginning交待必要的背景。如：时间、地点、人物等。中间 the middle交待故事情节（事情的主体）。如：事件的发生、发展和前因后果。结尾 the ending事情的结果或感想、愿望等范例一 记事2008天津卷 假设2008年2月12日是你父亲的生日，下面三幅图描绘的是你给父亲买完礼物后乘坐地铁回家时经历的一件事。请根据图示，用英语写一篇日记记叙这件事，并谈谈自己的感受。注意： 1. 词数不少于100；1 / 212.

3、 可适当加入细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：地铁（列车）- subway trainFebruary 12th, 2008 One possible version:Februay 12 th, 2008 The day is my Dads birthday. This afternoon I went to the shopping center downtown, and bought a present for him. Then I took the subway train home. Sitting on the train, I thought my dad would be v

4、ery happy when he saw the present. At the next station, an old lady with two heavy bags got on the train and stood in front of me. She looked tired. I hesitated for a moment, and then offered my seat to her. The old lady thanked me a lot and sat down. Seeing her smile, I felt happy. I will always be

5、 ready to help others in the future. 记叙文之人物介绍人物介绍属于记叙文的写作范畴，写作时要围绕人物组织材料。所写短文中应包括人物、时间、地点、主要事件（who，when， where ，what）等内容。人物介绍的写作要点写作时，要做到主题鲜明，内容清楚，并注意结构的完整性。1. 仔细审题，明确写作目的和中心思想，每段都应始终围绕主题展开叙述。 2. 合理判断使用哪种人称，句子时态要在上下文中有相关性、连续性，要与表达内容一致。3. 合理安排短文的结构层次，组织好所提示内容表达的先后顺序，并用英语思维，整理写作要点。4. 审题后要先列出简明扼要的提纲，其次

6、写出草稿，经过修改之后，再正式成文。人物介绍的篇章结构名人篇姓名、童年及出生地 家庭及教育背景 成就 评价路人篇姓名、身份及外貌特征 要点提示中的人物特点 评价 范例二 写人马克吐温是美国著名作家。请根据下面提供的内容写一篇人物简介。马克吐温（18351910）生于美国Missouri。他是美国19世纪著名的作家之一。他的家乡位于密西西比河畔。成年后，他曾在密西西比河的船上当水手。马克吐温是他的笔名。他写过很多小说，其中最著名的是汤姆索耶历险记（Tom Sawyer）。他的作品被译成多国文字，深受世界读者喜爱。 词数：100-120。One possible version:Mark Twai

7、n(18351910), one of the best known American writers in the nineteenth century, was born in Missouri in the middle part of the United States.Mark Twains hometown lay on the banks of the Mississippi River, where he spent his childhood. When he grew up he worked as a sailor on a riverboat for some time

8、. Mark Twain was his pen name.Mark Twain wrote a lot of novels, one of which is The Adventure of Tom Sawyer, the masterpiece which brought him fame and honor. Some of his writings have been translated into many languages. He and his works are deeply loved by readers throughout the world.附录-人物简介英语写作常

9、用的词组及句子：1. Birthday and birth place:was / were born in onwas / were born in / into a poor / rich familyeg. He was born in Poland on Nov.13, 1987.2. Family backgroundHis / her family was so poor thathis / her father was very strict with himBorn in a poor family, he had to.When he was a small boy, he

10、showed a great interest in.when he was a small boy / youngas a child / as a boy of 15during his / her childhoodspend his childhood inlive a happy / hard lifeeg. Abraham Lincoln, the son of a poor family, was born in Kentucky on February 12, 1809.Born of a poor clerks family, Charles Dickens had litt

11、le schooling.3. Education backgroundbe admitted to collegegraduate fromdepartment of universitywhen at college, he majored inreceive a doctors degreego abroad for further studiesThanks to the help of ., he was able to continue his education.Between . and ., he studied at.From . to ., he first worked

12、 as ., and then he became.4. Big events in ones lifebe interested in / be fond ofwork hard atserve asdevote his lifetime / himself toconcentrate himself todo research about / intomade great contributions tomake up ones mind to do sth.do sth with great determination and perseverancebe strict in sth.h

13、ave a way of doing sthtry ones best to do sth.encourage sb to dofight for, give up ones life for sb / sthwin a prize / the first prize in competitionreceive / obtain / win the Nobel Prize forbe good at do well inbe crazy about enjoy make rapid progress in set a new world record of equal the world re

14、cordwin(won) a gold / silver / bronze medalbe awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her scientific achievements.be selected to / become a member ofstudy hard train hardgo through hardshipovercome many difficultieshave a gift / talent for language, etc5. Evaluationone of the best / most important

15、set a good example fora model teacher / workerbe respected by everyonePeople speak / think highly ofbe honored as (an excellent athlete)his hard work brought him great successhe is the pride of China.His heroic story spread all over the citymake great contributions toConsistency / Perseverance is th

16、e key to success.be famous / known / regarded asbecome a world champion at Championshipsremember sb forevera new chapter of history has been turnedLei Feng has been praised for his communist spirit.an inspiring leadersb. is considered to be one of the greatest.Well known as., sb.人物外貌和性格特征描写词汇good-lo

17、oking funny-looking ugly-looking ordinary-looking white-haired tall short pretty wise naughty smart warm-hearted kind-hearted absent-minded bad-tempered near-sighted far-sighted a strong willbright diligent lazy healthy humorous charming attractive talkative confidence independent patience 附录过渡词句有关

18、“起” 的词语, 用语开篇或引出扩展句. 1. at first/ in the beginning 起初2. at present 现在；当今3. recently / lately 最近4. first/ firstly/ first of all 第一9.for one thing for another/ also首先，其次10.presently 此刻；现在11. to begin with/ to start with 首先；5. generally speaking 一般地说6. on the whole 总的说来7. It is well understood that 众所周

19、知，8. There goes a saying that . 俗话说，第一12. in general 一般来说13. on the one hand on the other hand 一方面，另一方面14. As the saying goes, . 俗话说，有关 “承” 的词语, 用来承接上下文.1.by this time 此时2. at the same time 同时3. after a while 过了一会儿4. after a few days 几天以后5. second/ secondly 第二；第二点6. in addition 另外7. besides/ whats m

20、ore 另外8. by the way 顺便提一句9. in other words 换句话说10. in particular/ particularly 特别地11. worse still 更糟的是11.in the same way 同样地12.obviously 明显地13. no doubt 无疑地14. for example/ for instance 例如15. therefore 因此16. indeed 的确17. unlike 不像18. certainly 当然19. for another 其次20. still 仍然21.similarly 同样地有关 “转” 的

21、词语, 用来表示不同或相反的意见1. in/ by contrast 对比之下2. unfortunately 不幸地3. though/ although 尽管4. even though 即使5. anyway 无论如何6. after all 毕竟7. all the same 依然；照样8. in fact/ as a matter of fact 事实上9. fortunately 幸运地10. however 然而11. in spite of 尽管；虽然12. at the same time 同时；然而13. otherwise 否则14. on the contrary 相反

22、15. especially 尤其16. There are two sides to everything. 任何事物都有两面性。有关 “合” 的词语, 用于小结上文或结束本段落的内容1. in a word/ all in all/ in conclusion 总之2. to conclude/ to summarize 总之3. in brief/ in short/ in summary 总之4. on the whole 总体来说5. above all 最重要的是6. as a result 结果7. obviously 显然10. accordingly 因此11. theref

23、ore/ thus 因此12. as has been noted 如前所述13. as I have said 如我所述14. by doing so 如此15. to speak frankly/ to be frank 坦白地说16. It is quite clear that 很明显8. As far as Im concerned, 就我而言9. Taking all these into consideration考虑到17. There is no denying that 无可否认18. Considering 考虑到根据衔接词本身的意思和文章连接所需要的逻辑意义，可分为以下

24、几类：一、表示因果关系as a result-He never studied hard, and as a result he failed in the last examination.as a result of -He is late for work as a result of traffic accident.accordingly-He wanted to buy a radio for study English, and accordingly her mother bought it for him.because（of）-We are delayed because

25、of a traffic jam.due to-His success is due to his excellent work.owing to-Owing to his absence, our meeting is not held.thanks to-Thanks to a good teacher, she passed the examination.now that-Now that you have grown up, you must earn for yourself.so long as-You could realize your dream so long as yo

26、u try it again and again.since-Since you are here now, youd better give a hand.in that-The policy is harmful in that it may encourage people to give up.so that-The office speaks at the top of his voice so that every soldier could hear him.therefore-There is a calculating mistakes there, therefore, t

27、he answer is wrong.二、表示解释关系as a matter of fact-I will go there this morning, as a matter of fact, I am only 10 minutes, drive from you.as well -I will go there. My friend will go with me as well.frankly speaking-Frankly speaking, I am not very satisfactory with your words.in this case-In this case,

28、I will go there as soon as possible.三、表示推理关系or else-Hurry up, or else youll be late.otherwise-You must carry this passport, otherwise you will be stopped by the guard.if so-If so, it will make a great difference.四、表示递进关系in addition-I need your help. In addition, I also need her support.besides-First

29、, we must work hard. Besides, we must work with a creative mind.and moreover-The hat is the right size for you, and moreover, it goes well with your skin.that is to say-The stock price is declining, that is to say, I am losing money.in other words-I am not hungry, in other words, I really dislike th

30、e food in this canteen.equally important-You should read more news from newspapers, and equally important, keep an eye on the news from the radio.whats more-It is harmful to my health, and whats more, it is no good to my work.last but not least-Last but not least, my thanks should go to every member

31、 of my class.五、表示比较关系equally-As a teacher, I should teach well, but equally, I should study well.in the same way-It is such a coincidence that we figure it out in the same way.in contrast to-In contrast to your belief, I quite disagree with you.instead-If you dont go, Ill go instead.on the contrary-

32、You thought I like it. On the contrary, I dislike it.in contrast-It is hot in the daytime, but in contrast its very cold at night.while-We are happy in China, while most Africans live unhappily.六、表示选择关系eitheror -Either you or I will go there.rather than-In this matter, the parents should be blamed r

33、ather than the children.instead of -You should be reading books instead of lying there in bed.not but-She is not an English teacher, but a German student.whetheror not-I wonder whether you will come or not this afternoon.neithernor-Neither you nor I will go there. He will come this afternoon.七、表示转折关

34、系although-Although he is old, he still work everyday.despite-I will visit him despite the heavy snow.at the same time-The little kid brings troubles, but at the same time you cant help liking him.even though-Even though she is late, she walks slow.however-I planned to go there, however, the incident

35、 suddenly interrupts my normal work.in spite of-In spite of the boys honesty, the teacher is still very angry.instead-It is too hot to go shopping, lets watch TV at home instead.on the contrary-I used to think that the result will be good. On the contrary, it turns out to be bad.stillIts raining cat

36、s and dogs outside; still, I will visit him.though-I will visit him though it is raining there.while-Sadness is beautiful while loneliness is tragically.yet-He is sentimental sometimes, yet I still like him.八、表示总结关系all in all-All in all, we must cope it wellbriefly-Briefly, I agree with you on the m

37、atter.in conclusion-In conclusion, the first opinion is much more reasonable than the latter idea.in summary-In summary, we cannot fully believe what we heard from others.to sum up-To sum up, teaching student is not an easy task to perform.on the whole-On the whole, the book is extremely valuable.in

38、 all-In all, its great to be a father.in short-In short, actions speak louder than words.in brief-In brief, to help others is to help yourself.in a word-In a word, we will win while they will lose.in terms-In practical terms, I believe it will work.in sum-In sum, it is great to be a teacher.to summa

39、rize-To summarize, spare the rod, spoil the children,九、表示次序关系above all-Above all, remember to call me when you arrive.afterwards-We played the whole day and afterwards walked home together in the evening.first/firstly/first of allFirst(ly) /first of all, Ill mention the history.second/secondly-Secon

40、d/secondly, I will mention the present.furthermore-Furthermore, it is not good enough in this respect.finally-Finally, I agree with you on this matter.last but not least-Last but not least, my personal effort also play a small role in the accomplishment of the task.to conclude-To conclude, life is n

41、ot a battle if you want to be a normal man.lastly-Lastly, I must say it will be remembered by people around the world.in the end-In the end, they parted each other at the cross road.十、表示强调关系above all-Above all, the good policy makes us dare to be rich.of course-Of course you will fall behind if you

42、dont study harder.indeed-I am indeed very glad to see you are well and sound.most important-Most important, it is a book for sale first.十一、表示过渡关系as to/as forShes very uncertain as to where he is now.by the way-By the way, there is a letter for you in the presidents office.with regard to -With regard

43、 to your score in last examination, I am afraid it is not a good news for you.talking of -Talking of philosophy, I know little about it.incidentally-Incidentally, your proposal has drawn most peoples attention.to get back to the point-To get back to the point, have you ever visited Mr. Johnson?十二、表示

44、举例关系as follows-The reasons are as follows.a case in point-A case in point, Qingdao is such a beautiful city.for example-For example, Chairman Mao is such a great hero.for instance-There are many advantages, for instance, it can make your book perfect.十三、表示同指关系that is-There are two persons there, tha

45、t is, Tom and Jack.in other words-In other words, we must finish it before he comes.that is to sayLets go back to the original plan, that is to say, you must go there.十四、表示时间关系after a while-After a while, he came back with smile on his face.afterwards-Tom came in for a cup of tea, then he went out s

46、oon afterwards.as long as-You may borrow this book as long as you return it.at last-At last, we succeed.at length-At length he told us the truth.at that time-At that time, all people are poor.eventually-We waited for her on and on, and eventually she came.finally-After a heated discussion, finally h

47、e gave up.in the past-In the past he was very naughty.meanwhile-Tom was listening to the radio, and meanwhile Adam was reading.presently-He is presently the president of the U.S.so far-So far hes been to China more than 3times.thereafter-Thereafter, they lived a happy life.until-I did not feel hungry until midnight.until now-He has not come until now.when-I used to listen to the radio when I was young. -温馨提示：如不慎侵犯了您的权益，可联系文库删除处理，感谢您的关注！