考研考博-英语-烟台大学文经学院考研模拟卷I【3套】含答案详解

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1、住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-烟台大学文经学院考研模拟卷【3套】含答案详解（图片大小可任意调节）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第一卷一.单项选择题(共100题)1.People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers.Some imagine that the comi

2、ng work-free world will be defined by 2.：A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their

3、lives 5，people will simply become lazy and depressed.6，todays unemployed dont seem to be having a great time.One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans.Also，some research suggests that the 8

4、 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting 9 poorly-educated，middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs.Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesnt 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled w

5、ith unease.Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment.In the 13 of work，a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure.Today，the 15 of work may be a bit overblown.“Ma

6、ny jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，”says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days，because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of thei

7、r jobs.“When I come home from a hard days work，I often feel 18，”Danaher says，adding，“In a world in which I dont have to work，I might feel rather different”perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.18选？A.ignoredB.tired

8、C.confusedD.starved答案：B 本题解析：语义衔接题。空格所在处的上文提到“辛苦地完成一天的工作回到家时”，由此可判断所填入的词应描述此时的感受，下文又提到了如果不用工作，有了更多时间，就能专注于个人爱好，由此可知，此处应该表示工作之后太过疲劳，故选B。其他选项均不符合题意，应排除。2.Intelligence makes for better leaders-from undergraduates to executives to presidents-according to multiple studies.It certainly l that handling a m

9、arket shift or legislative logjam requires high cognitive abilities.But new research on leadership suggests that,at a certain point,having a higher io can be viewed as 2.3 previous research has shown that groups with smarter leaders perform better by 4 measures,some studies have 5 that followers mig

10、ht subjectively view leaders with extremely high intellect as less effective.Decades ago Dean Simonton,a psychologist at the University of California,Davis,proposed that brilliant leaderswords may simply go 6 peoples heads,their solutions could be more complicated t0 7 and followers might find it ha

11、rder to relate to them.Now Simonton and two colleagues have finally 8 that idea.The researchers 9 379 male and female business leaders in 30 countries,10 fields that included banking,retail and technology.The managers took IQ tests,an imperfect but robust 11 0f performance in many areas,and each was

12、 rated on leadership style and effectiveness by an average of eight co-workers.10 12 correlated with ratings of leader effectiveness,strategy formation,vision and several other characteristics-up to a point.The ratings peaked at an io of around 120,which is higher than roughly 80 percent of office w

13、orkers.Beyond that,the ratings 13.The researchers suggest theidealio could be higher or lower in various fields,depending on 14 technical versus social skills are more valued in a（n）15 work culture.Its an interesting and thoughtful paper,says Paul Sackett,a psychology professor at the University of

14、Minnesota,who was not involved in the research.To me,the right interpretation of the work would be that it 16 a need to understand what high-IQ leaders do that 17 to lower perceptions by followers.The wrong interpretation would be,;Dont 18 high-io leaders.,The studys lead author,John Antonakis,a psy

15、chologist at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland,suggests leaders should use their intelligence t0 19 creative metaphors that will persuade and inspire others.I think the only way a smart person can signal their intelligence 20 and still connect with the people,Antonakis says,is to speak in ch

16、arming ways.18选？A.connectB.judgeC.hireD.replace答案：C 本题解析：本题考查动词辨析。空格句指出对上文研究的错误解读：不要高智商领导者。由研究发现“高智商领导者更低效”可推知人们对此的错溟解读很可能是，因为高智商领导者低效能、无法胜任因此不要雇用、招聃、提拔高智商领导者C.hire符合文意。3.No one can l Howard Schultz ofinaction since he returned as chief executive of Starbucks,the firm he built into a multinational 2

17、 to watch it stumble under his successor.Barely a month has gone by over the past year without the firm 3 some new initiative or other.The latest came on February 17th in New York,when Mr.Schultz 4 Via,an instant coffee which,he 5,tastes just as good as Java brewed in the shop by one of the firms ba

18、ristas.Don Valencia,the firms first head of research and development,who 6 the blended and frozen frappuccino drinks that earn Starbucks$2 billion a year,could never find a 7 to scale up an instant formula he had developed at home.When Mr.Schultz retumed as chief executive,he 8 that there had been s

19、ome technological advances,allowing finer grinding,9.So he asked the R&D team to repeat the recently deceased Valencias experiments,and found thatwe had broken the 10.The name Via is a hat-tip to Valencia-though during development it was known as Jaws（just add water,stir）.Starbucks says it has paten

20、ts that should 11 competitors from quickly replicating Via,which will go on sale in some American stores next month.The opportunity may,12,be biggest in other countries:in Britain over 80%of coffee sold is instant,13 with just 10%in America.14 Starbucks drinkers decide that Via tastes good,the compa

21、ny will have to get the price 15.The riskis that the firms existing customers may 16 counter service and start making their own cup of instant.To keep customers coming to remaining outlets,he might experiment with discounts such as cheap 17 meals ofa drink and food.He also wants a visit to a Starbuc

22、ks shop to bc a18 uplifiing experience.Improving the smellin stores by changing the cheese used in breakfast sandwiches was a start.But 19 that staff are enthusiastic will be especially difficult whenjobs are 20.13选？A.paralleledB.opposedC.contrastedD.compared答案：D 本题解析：动词辨析题。根据文章The opportunity may，h

23、owever,be biggest in other countries:in Britain over 80%of coffee sold is instant，with just 10%in America（然而该产品在其他国家可能会获得更大的发展机会：在英国，销售的80%的咖啡是速溶的，美国仅占10%。）而D项compared经常和with搭配，指把人与人或物与物之间的相同点或异同点进行“比较对照”或“相比”。将同类进行比较只能选择D项，故D项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A项paralleled“与相似”。B项opposed“反对”，常用结构为as opposed to sth表示“与截然相

24、反；对照”。C项contrasted“对比”经常和to/with搭配，指为了明确其相异之处，将一物与另一物“比较”或“对照”。4.Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science.The new research reveals that t

25、he need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.In a series of four experiments,behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested Students willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli

26、 in an effort to satisfy curiosity.For one 5,each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment.The twist?Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified,another twenty-seven were to

27、ld only that some were electrified.7 left alone in the room.The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 subsequent experiments reproduced,this effect with other stimuli 9 the sound of fingernails on a ch

28、alkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans.Much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago Curiosity is often considered a good instinctit can 12 New Scientific advances,for instancebut sometimes su

29、ch 13 can backfire,the insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15,however.in a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image

30、.These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on ones curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor.Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity.Hsee says.“in other words,dont read online comments”8选？A.continue

31、B.happenC.disappearD.change答案：A 本题解析：动词辨析。结合原文语境，由who引导的定语从句修饰前面的学生，而在定语从句中，又出现由what引导的宾语从句。结合宾语从句的含义，“知道接下来会发生什么”更符合语境。5.Recognizing when a friend or colleague feels sad,angry or surprised is key to getting along with orhers.1 a new study suggests that a skill for listening in on feelings may somet

32、imes come with an extra dose of stress.This and other research 2 the prevailing view that emotional intelligence is uniformly 3 to its bearer.In a study published in the September 2016 issue of E7notion,psychologists Myriam Bechtoldt and Vanessa Schneider asked 166 male university students a series

33、of questions to 4 their emotional smarts.5,they showed the students photographs of peoples faces ancl askecl them 6 what extent feelings such as happiness or disgust were being expressed.The students 7 had to give job talks in front of judges displaying stern facial expressions.The scientists measur

34、ed concentrations of the stress hormone cortisol in the studentssaliva before and after the talk.In students who were 8 more emotionally intelligent,the stress measures increased more during the experiment and took 9 to go back to baseline.The 10 suggest that some people may be too emotionally cleve

35、r for their own good,says Hillary Anger Elfenbein,a professor of organizational behavior at Washington University in St.Louis.Sometimes you can be so good at something 11 it causes trouble,she notes.Indeed,the study adds to previous research hinting at a（n）12 side of emotional intelligence.A study p

36、ublished in 2002 in Personalr.t,y and Individual Di f ferences suggested that emotionally 13 people might be particularly 14 to feelings of depression and hopelessness.15,several studies,including one published in 2013 in PLOS ONE,have implied that emotional intelligence can be used to manipulate ot

37、hers for personal 16.More research is needed to see how exactly the relation between emotional intelligence and stress woulcl 17 0ut in women anclin people 18 different ages and education levels.19,emotional intelligence is a useful skill to have,as long as you learn to also properly 20 emotions-bot

38、h othersand your own.1选？A.OnlyB.HenceC.EvenD.But答案：D 本题解析：本题考查句间逻辑关系。上文指出惯常看法：察觉到他人情绪是与人相处的关键即强调察言观色的好处：空格句介绍新研究发现：察言观色可能会带来压力，暗示察言观色的不利一面。故两句之问为转折逻辑D.But正确。B.I-Ience、C.Even均体现顺承逻辑。“只有一项新研究”暗示”情商有不利面”的研究结论不可靠，与文意不符，故排除A.。6.Text 4 Alphabet Inc.s most successful product-the Google search engine-may no

39、w be its most problematic.On Tuesday,the European Commissions top antitrust regulator levied a$2.7-billion fine against Alphabet and Google for the way the search engine handles requests for information about products.Specifically,Commissioner Margrethe Vestager said that Google twisted its results

40、to bury links to rival companiescomparison shopping sites while prominently featuring its own service,Google Shopping.Google responded that its simply trying to give users what they want and deniedfavoring ourselves,or any particular site or seller.It has a lot at stake:Google has integrated many di

41、fferent offerings into its search engine,including its mapping and travel services.The principle advanced by Vestager,however,is a good one:Giant online companies shoulcl not be able to take advantage of their dominance in one field to hurt competitors in another.Googles argument is:It integrated Go

42、ogle Shopping,which offers links to products at sites that advertise on Google.into its search engine because that gave users quicker access to the information they were seeking.And in the United States,the key question in antitrust!aw is whether a companys behavior hurts users,not whether it hurts

43、the companys competitors.European regulators focus more on competitors,but they really are two sides of the same coin.If competitors are unfairly closed out,the public can miss out on the very real benefits that vigorous competition provides.At the same time,its undeniable that the public has welcom

44、ed virtual monopolies in search,social media and other services in the Internet era.A large part of the appeal of sites like Facebook and Twitter is that so many people use them.Theres a network effect for social media apps in particular-the more people who use the service,the more valuable it becom

45、es to them.Meanwhile,start-ups come out of nowhere to create whole new categories of must-have apps and proclucts online.That means dominant companies have to innovate too,or else they can easily change from todays thing to yesterdays.And often,that innovation involves finding a better way to do som

46、ething that a competitor is doing.The challenge for regulators is to provide the big companies space to try new things without grossly disrupting the market,closing out other companies and reducing consumer choice,which will ultimately lead to less innovation.A good place to start is by focusing on

47、cases where there is evidence of intentional undermining of competitors-where a dominant company alters the platform it provides not just to feature its own services,but to make it harder to find or use its rivals.The European Commission fined Google for_A.providing false informationB.integrating mu

48、ltiple offeringsC.manipulating search resultsD.defaming rival companies答案：C 本题解析：信息锁定第一段句指出，欧盟对谷歌处以罚款是针对它“处理产品相关信息请求的方式”。第二段句明确谷歌不当方式：扭曲搜索结果，掩藏竞争公司比较购物网站的链接，大力推广自己的服务“谷歌购物”。由此可知，谷歌被罚是因为”操纵搜索结果”C.正确。解题技巧A.由第一段句“处理产品信息请求方式不当”主观得出“谷歌提供虚假信息”，但由第二段句可知谷歌不是“提供虚假信息”，而是“隐藏对手信息”。B.源于第二段句“谷歌将许多不同产品整合进搜索引擎（has

49、integrated many different offerings）”，但这并非其受罚的直接原因。D.利用第二段句rival companies捏造干扰，文中并未提到谷歌诋毁（defame）竞争对手。7.Any sufficiently advanced technology,noLed Arthur C.Clarke,a British science-fiction writer,is indistinguishable from magic.The fast-emerging technology of voice computing proves his 1.Using it is

50、 just like casting a spell:say a few words inLo the air,and a nearby device can 2 your wish.The Amazon Echo,a voice-driven cylindrical computer that sits on a table top and answers to the name Alexa,can 3 music tracks and radio stations,tell jokes,answer trivia questions and control smart 4;even bef

51、ore Christmas it was already resident in about 4qo of American house holds.Voice assistants are 5 in smartphones,too:Apples Siri 6 0ver2 billion commands a week,and 20%of Google 7 0n Android powered handsets in America are input by voice.Dictating e-mails and text messages now works 8 enough to be u

52、seful.Why type when you can talk?This is a huge shift.Simple 9 it may seem,voice has the power to transform computing,by providing a natural means of interaction.Windows,icons and menus,and then touchscreens,were welcomed as more 10 ways to deal with computers than entering complex keyboard 11.But b

53、eing able to talk to computers.12 the need for the abstraction of auser interfaceat aLI.13 mobile phones were more than exisLing phones without wires,and cars were more than carriages without horses,so computers without screens and keyboards have the 14 to be more useful and powerful than people can

54、 imagine today.Voice will not wholly 15 other forms of input and output.SomeLimes it will remain more 16 to converse with a machine by Lyping rather than talking.But voice is destined to 17 a growing share of peoples interactions with the technology around them,from washing machines that tell you ho

55、w much of the cycle they have left to virtual assisLants in corporate call-centres.18,to reach its full potential,the technology requires 19.breakthroughs-and a resolution of the 20 questions it raises around the trade-off between convenience and privacy.4选？A.implementsB.appliancesC.complementD.assi

56、stance答案：B 本题解析：词义辨析题。Aimplements工具；Bappliances家用电器；Ccomplement补足物；Dassislance援助。原文smart表示“智能的”，四个选项中，与smart形成搭配的只有appliances构成smart appliances“智能家电”一词，故本题选择B。8.Students ofmanagement theory have long l what constitutes the worst kind of book-the CEO autobiography or the management tome that promises

57、 to 2 the secrets ofbusiness 3 0ne syllable.But inManagement in 10 WordsSir Terry Leahy,a former boss of Tesco,has performed a remarkable act of alchemy:combining two dismal forms to.4 an excellent book-a veritable management page-turner that has interesting things to say about everything from the e

58、volution of British society to the art of 5 huge organisations.Sir Terry is an example of a type of Briton that is becoming increasingly 6:a working-class boy made 7 by dint of quick wits and hard work.A scholarship to a local public school and a taste for the grocery business 8 him with a ladder up

59、:he started his career stacking shelves at Tesco and ended 9 as CEO for 14 years.When Sir Terry was 10 to the top job,Tesco was struggling in third place in Britains supermarket hierarchy behind Sainsburys and Marks&Spencer.Rumour had it that a tobacco company had toyed with buying the supermarket b

60、ut 11 the idea believing it would be bad for the brand.Today Tesco is Britains largest private employer and the third-largest supermarket in the world,12 in 14 countries and offering banking and insurance 13 fruit and vegetables.Sir Terry argues that the secret has been 14 innovation.Tesco introduce

61、d loyalty cards in order to 15 information on its customers and encourage them to keep coming back.And the trove of customer information provided by the loyalty card eased Tescos entry_16 banking and e-commerce.17,Sir Terry readily 18 that there is no science to management:he got the 19 for one of T

62、escos most successful innovations-small stores in town centres-from visiting a wholesaler and 20 how much business it was doing selling to small shops.11选？A.ignoredB.droppedC.neglectedD.disregarded答案：B 本题解析：动词辨析题。根据原文Rumor had it that a tobacco company had toyed with buying the supermarket but_the i

63、dea believing it would be bad for the brand（有谣言指明一家烟草公司考虑过要买下乐购，但最后了这个想法，他们觉得这样会有损自己的品牌。）所以B项dropped“放弃”更符合文中的意思，故B项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A项ignored本意是“不理睬”，表示“忽视”时语气比disregarded强，指故意不予理睬，根本不当一回事。注意名词ignorance没有“忽视”的意思，而是“无知”；c项neglected指有意或无意地疏忽了理应做到的事，名词仍是neglect故排除；D项disregarded常指明明看见、明明知道，或经考虑后却不重视，含“不理不顾”

64、之意，故排除。9.Higher cognitive abilities may come with a pitfall-a susceptibility to judging people based on stereotypes.A new study from New York University l that highly intelligent people are quicker to learn stereotypes and base decisions off them.It may come down 2 someones ability to detect and encode patterns.Its not all bad news 3,as these high-intelligence people are likely to quickly update and 4 their ideas on stereotypes when introduced to new information.For the study,1