考研考博-英语-阿拉善职业技术学院考研模拟卷I【3套】含答案详解

《考研考博-英语-阿拉善职业技术学院考研模拟卷I【3套】含答案详解》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考研考博-英语-阿拉善职业技术学院考研模拟卷I【3套】含答案详解（174页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-阿拉善职业技术学院考研模拟卷【3套】含答案详解（图片大小可任意调节）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第一卷一.单项选择题(共100题)1.Happy people work differently.Theyre more productive,more creative,and willing to take greater risks.And new researchsuggeststhathappinessmightinfluence_1_firmswork,too.Companies located in places with hap

2、pier people invest more,according to a recent research paper._2_,firms in happyplacesspend more on R&D（researchand development）.Thats becausehappiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking_3_formakinginvestmentsforthefuture.The researchers wanted to know if the_4_and inclination for risk-tak

3、ing that come with happiness would_5_the way companies invested.So they compared U.S.citiesaverage happiness_6_by Gallup polling with the investment activityofpubliclytradedfirmsinthoseareas._7_enough,firmsinvestment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were

4、_8_.Butisitreallyhappinessthatslinkedtoinvestment,orcouldsomethingelseabouthappiercities_9_whyfirms there spend more on R&D?To find out,the researchers controlled for various_10_that might make firms more likely to investlikesize,industry,andsalesandforindicatorsthataplacewas_11_tolivein,likegrowthi

5、nwagesorpopulation.Thelinkbetweenhappinessandinvestmentgenerally_12_evenafteraccountingforthesethings.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms,which the authors_13_to“less codified decision making process”and the possible presence of“younger and less

6、_14_managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.”The relationship was_15_stronger in places where happiness was spread more_16_.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy,rather than in places with happinessinequality._17_thisdoesntprovethathappinesscau

7、sesfirmstoinvestmoreortotakealonger-termview,theauthorsbelieveit at least_18_at that possibility.Its not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help_19_how executives think about the future.“It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and_2

8、0_R&Dmorethantheaverage,”saidoneresearcher.12选？A.resumedB.heldC.emergedD.broke答案：B 本题解析：空格处所在段落说明幸福与投资相关，而空格所在句是该段的总结句，从even after可知，该句强调即便对上述情况做出了解释，快乐仍与投资相关，所以B为正确答案，表示“快乐与投资之间的关系还是不变”。2.Text 2 Internet service providers have realized that they are sitting on a treasure chest of data about your on

9、line activities that they could be selling to advertisers.Recognizing the privacy threat,the Federal Communications Commission adopted rules that would have stopped them from doing so without your consent,but Congress recently shot down the regulation.This is a big deal.Privacy doesnt merely benefit

10、 individuals;it fundamentally shapes how society functions.It is crucial for marginalized communities and for social movements.Privacy enables these groups to network,organize,and develop their ideas before challenging the status quo.But when people know theyre being tracked and monitored,they chang

11、e their behavior.This chilling effect hurts our intellectual freedoms and our capacity for social progress.The data that tracks our behavior feeds into machine-learning algorithms that make judgments about us.When used for advertising,they can reproduce our own prejudiced behavior.Marketers can use

12、machine learning to figure out your unique features-do you resDond better to words or to pictures?Do you make impulsive shopping decisions?-to target you with exactly the advertisement that will best persuade you.When consequential decisions about employment or loans are made using this kind of data

13、,the result can feel absurd and incomprehensible,because these systems arent programmed to explain their decisions.There arent yet effective ways for humans to hold algorithms accountable for how they categorize us.The good news is how effective technology can be in preventing tracking.We found that

14、 ad blockers and other browser-privacy tools can decrease tracking by 80 percent or more.More complex tools can be even more effective.In other worcls,the more technically savvy among us can enjoy dramatically better privacy and digital freedoms.But this has resulted in a technologicalarms race,whic

15、h is worrying by itself,but also because such technical skill correlates with historically advantaged groups.Meanwhile,publishers are caught in the ad-blocking crossfire,endangering the free press.One bright spot is that online privacy research has had a tremendous effect.It has helped regulators cu

16、rb the worst of the offenses,forced companies to roll back invasions because of public-relations pressure,spurred the development of privacy tools,and developed a healthy public debate about online tracking.The fight for privacy is now closely linked to the fight for digital civil liberties and demo

17、cratic values,and it is a movement that includes activists,artists,journalists,researchers,and everyday users of technology.Theres tremendous power in your hands to take charge of your own privacy as well as foster these societal values.Which of the following statements about privacy is true?A.It af

18、fects individual activities more than social operationsB.It benefiis marginalized groups but hurts the mainstreamC.It conflicts with the pursuit of intellectual freedomsD.It contributes to the advancement of society答案：D 本题解析：信息锁定第二段句提出作者观点：隐私不仅有益于个体，还从根本上影响社会运作。至句具体解释：隐私保护有益于边缘群体和社会运动（往往是推动社会进步的力量），

19、隐私威胁损害知识自由以及我们推动社会进步的能力。可见D.正确。解题技巧A.将第二段句privacy doesnt merely.it（不仅仅而且）所含“递进逻辑”篡改为“对比逻辑（affec1morethan.）”。B.由第二段句“隐私有益于边缘群体”主观推出“隐私伤及主流群体”，却与末句“隐私助益知识自由和社会进步对整个社会有益”相悖。C.与第二段句“隐私受到威胁时人们会改变其行为，这危及知识自由（即：隐私有益于追求知识自由）”完全相悖。3.Being a good parent is,of course,what every parent would like to be.But defi

20、ning what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very_1_,particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting.A calm,rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than,_2_,a younger sibling._3_,theres another sort of parent thats a bit easi

21、er to_4_:a patient parent.Children of every age benefit from patient parenting.Still,_5_every parent would like to be patient,this is no easy_6_.Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a_7_and composed style with their kids.I understand this.Youre only human,and som

22、etimes your kids can_8_you just a little too far.And then the_9_happens:You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too_10_and does nobody any good.You wish that you could_11_the clock and start over.Weve all been there._12_,even though its common,its import

23、ant to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue,you can say something to your child that you may_13_for a long time.This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also_14_your childs self-esteem.If you consistently lose your_15_with your kids,then you are inadvertently m

24、odeling a lack of emotional control for your kids.We are all becoming increasingly aware of the_16_of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation.This is a skill that will help them all throughout life.In fact,the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when_17_b

25、y stress is one of the most important of all lifes skills.Certainly,its incredibly_18_to maintain patience at all times with your children.A more practical goal is to try,to the best of your ability,to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with_19_situations involving your children.I can

26、 promise you this:As a result of working toward this goal,you and your children will benefit and_20_from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.9选？A.mysteriousB.illogicalC.suspiciousD.inevitable答案：D 本题解析：此处考察形容词词意辨析+上下文语境。空格前一句指出：有时候孩子会把你逼的很紧。空格后一句指出你会失去耐心，对孩子大吼大叫。那么这是孩子把你逼的很紧的必

27、然结果，inevitable为无法避免的/必然的，故选D符合句意。4.Text 3 The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution,but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries.And yet,it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing t

28、he painful side of a boom and bust cycle.Certain jobs have gone away for good,outmoded by machines.Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs,this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways we cant immediately foresee.When there is rapid improvement in

29、 the price and performance of technology,jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened.This argument has attracted a lot of attention,via the success of the book Race Against the Machine,by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee,who both hail from MITs Center for D

30、igital Business.This is a powerful argument,and a scary one.And yet,John Hagel,author of The Power of Pull and other books,says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place.Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S.that tend to be“tightl

31、y scripted”and“highly standardized”ones that leave no room for“individual initiative or creativity.”In short,these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human beings.That is how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers,Hagel says.Its time to rein

32、vent the formula for how work is conducted,since we are still relying ona very 20th century notion of work,Hagel says.In our rapidly changing economy,we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their imagination“to respond to unexpected events.”Thats not somet

33、hing machines are good at.They are designed to perform very predictable activities.As Hagel notes,Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book.We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine.In other words,we need to look at the ways in which machines can a

34、ugment human labor rather than replace it.So then the problem is not really about technology,but rather,“how do we innovate our institutions and our work practices?”According to the last paragraph,Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed_A.the predictability of machine behavior in practiceB.the formula for

35、 how work is conducted efficientlyC.the ways machines replace human labor in modern timesD.the necessity of human involvement in the workplace答案：B 本题解析：这是一道推理题，重点考查的是代词指代以及段落中心的归纳。【直击答案】根据题干可以定位到最后一段，其中touched on this point即为Brynjolfsson和McAfee的观点。而this point则回指第五段的内容，起到承上启下的作用。第五段指出需要调整现在的工作模式，需要人们

36、发挥主动性和创造性。第六段最后一句再次强调问题的核心是人类要革新工作方式。因此正确答案为选项D，强调人类的参与。【干扰排除】选项A偷换概念，第五段第四句指出机器只能完成“预先设定的（predictable）工作（activities）”，而非“机器行为”的可预测性。选项B中的“efficiently”在文中并未提及。选项C与原文信息相反，第六段第三句话指出，我们需要看到机器提高人力而非取代人力（rather than replace it）的方面。5.When Andrew Chadwick-Jones,a management consultant with Oliver Wyman in

37、London,went to pitch to a private-equity firm late last year,he l.the usual:about 20 minutes and a brisk attitude.He was surprised to find the private-equity people 2 explaining their strategy,3 introductions to senior staff and being more open and friendly.4 money and deals are scarce,theyve got to

38、 be nicer to all the people they 5 with,in case they might help bring business in future,he says.Rudeness is out,and civility is the new 6 in an uncertain world.On Wall Street,says a banker,its now all about charm and openness and taking time with people.Cocky young things StTaight 7 the best busine

39、ss schools have stopped skipping interview appointments,recruiters say,and there is much less 8 peoples shoulders at drinks parties,reporis one veteran.Many people,fearful for theirjobs,are trying to burnish their contacts at other firms.The change in tone also 9 an upheaval in the balance of 10 bet

40、ween companies.11 the crisis,says Michel Pretie,head of investment banking at Societe Generale in Paris,he would go and see a senior chief executive with a mergers-and-acquisitions 12,get in for a short 13 and,on the way out,walk past a line of all his competitors.Now,he says,Youre ushered 14,you ge

41、t an hour with the CEO and he walks you to your car.During this crisis,when there is so much uncertainty about who will end 15 having power,the best 16 is to be civil to everyone,says Adam Galinsky of the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestem University.People have more time to be衔endly when b

42、usiness is 17.Some 18 the new cordiality reflects a 19 that everyone is in the same boat:when some firms have to fire good performers as well as bad,no one is safe.20 ifpeople at different firms are being nicer to each other,things may not be getting any nicer inside companies.19选？A.experienceB.feel

43、ingC.instinctD.impression答案：B 本题解析：名词辨析题。根据原文Some reckon the new cordiality reflects a that everyone is in the same boat:when some firms have to fire good performers as well as bad，no one is safe（有人认为这种新的热诚反映m-种人人同舟共济的：当部分企业不得不不分良莠地裁员时，没有准是安全的。）可知B项feeling“感觉”更符合文章所要表达的意思，故B项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A项experience

44、“经验”、C项instinct“本能”和D项impression“印象”均不符合文意，故均排除。6.Text 4 Consuming high-quality plant foods such as whole grains,fruits,vegetables,nuts and legumes may substantially lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes,researchers including one of Indian-origin have claimed.This study highlights that even moder

45、ate dietary changes in the direction of a healthful plant-based diet can play a significant role in the prevention of type 2 diabetes,said Ambika Satija from Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health in the US.These findings provide further evidence to support current dietary recommendations for chro

46、nic disease prevention,she said.While previous studies have found links between vegetarian diets and improved health outcomes,including reduced risk of type 2 diabetes,this new study is the first to make distinctions between healthy plant-based diets and less healthy ones that include things like sw

47、eetened foods and beverages,which may be detrimental for health.The study also considered the effect of including some animal foods in the diet.Researchers followed more than 200,000 male and female health professionals in the US for more than 20 years who had regularly filled out questionnaires on

48、their diet,lifestyle,medical history,and ncw disease diagnoses as part of three large long-term studies.They evaluated participantsdiets using a plant-based diet index in which they assigned plant-derived foods higher scores and animal-derived foods lower scores.The study found that high adherence t

49、o a plant-based diet that was low in animal foods was associated with a 20 percent reduced risk of type 2 diabetes compared with low adherence to such a diet,researchers said.Eating a healthy version of a plant-based diet was linked with a 34 per cent lower diabetes risk,while a less healthy version

50、-including foods such as refrned grains,potatoes,and sugar-sweetened beverages-was linked with a 16 per cent increased risk,they said.Even modestly lowering animal food consumption-for example,from 5-6 servings per day to about 4 servings per day-was linked with lower diabetes incidence,the study fo

51、und.A shift to a dietary pattern higher in healthful plant-based foods,such as vegetables,fruits,whole grains,legumes,nuts,and seeds,and lower in animal-based foods,especially red and processed meats,can confer substantial health benefits in reducing risk of type 2 diabetes,said Frank Hu from Harvar

52、d Chan School.Researchers suggest that healthful plant-based diets could be lowering type 2 diabetes risk because such diets are high in fiber,antioxidants,unsaturated fatty acids,and micronutrients such as magnesium,and are low in saturated fat.Healthy plant foods may also be contributing to a heal

53、thy gut microbiome,they said.The best title for the text should be_A.Plant-Based Diet May Lower Risk ofType 2 DiabetesB.Better Not to Eat Too Many Animal FoodsC.We Should Eat Vegetable Foods to Prevent Chronic DiseasesD.Plant-Based Diet with High Fiber and Low Fat Is Beneficial答案：A 本题解析：主旨大意题。全文主要讨论

54、的是素食能降低患2型糖尿病的风险，所以A项是最佳标题。【干扰排除】B项“最好不要吃太多的动物性食物”不是文章主要的研究内容；C项中的“预防慢性疾病”不是文章研究的内容，文中主要讨论的是对2型糖尿病的预防；D项描述得太笼统，没有指出降低糖尿病的风险。7.For centuries,philosophers and theologians have almost unanimously held that civilization as we know it depends on a widespread beliefin free will-and that losing this belief

55、could be calamitous.Our codes of ethics,for example,assume that we can freely choose between right and wrong.In the Christian tradition,this is known asmoral liberty-the capacity to discern and pursue the good,instead of merely being compelled by appetites and desires.The great Enlightenment philoso

56、pher Immanuel Kant reaffirmed this link between freedom and goodness.Ifwe are not free to choose,he argued,then it would make no sense to say we ought to choose the path of righteousness.The sciences have grown steadily bolder in their claim that all human behavior can be explained through the clock

57、work laws of cause and effect.This shift in perception is the continuation of an intellectual revolution that began about 150 years ago,when Charles Darwin first published On the Origin of Species.Shortly after Darwin put forth his theory of evolution,his cousin Sir Francis Gakon began to draw out t

58、he implications:If we have evolved,then mental faculties like intelligence must be hereditary.But we use those faculties-which some people have to a greater degree than others-to make decisions.So our ability to choose our fate is not free,but depends on our biological inheritance.Many scientists sa

59、y that the American physiologist Benjamin Libet demonstrated in the 1980s that we have no free will.It was already known that electrical activity builds up in a persons brain before she,for example,moves her hand;Libet showed that this buildup occurs before the person consciously makes a decision to

60、 move.The conscious experience of deciding to act,which we usually associate with free will,appears to be an add-on,a post hoc reconstruction of events that occurs after the brain has already set the act in motion.In 2002,two psychologists had a simple but brilliant idea:Instead of speculating about

61、 what might happen if people lost belief in their capacity to choose,they could run an experiment to find out.Kathleen Vohs,then at the University of Utah,and Jonathan Schooler,of the University of Pittsburgh,asked one group of participants to read a passage arguing that free will was an illusion,an

62、d another group to read a passage that was neutral on the topic.Then they subjected the members ofeach group to a variety of temptations and observed their behavior.Would differences in abstract philosophical beliefs influence peoples decisions?Yes,indeed.When asked to take a math test,with cheating

63、 made easy,the group primed to see free will as illusory proved more likely to take an illicit peek at the answers.When given an opportunity to steal-to take more money than they were due from an envelope of$1 coins-those whose beliefin free will had been undermined pilfered more.On a range of measu

64、res,Vohs told me,she and Schooler found thatpeople who are induced to believe less in free will are more likely to behave immorally.Another pioneer of research into the psychology of free will,Roy Baumeister of Florida State University,has extended these findings.For example,he and colleagues found that students with a weaker belief in free will were less likely to volunteer their time to help a classmate than were those whose belief in free will was stronger.Likewise,those primed to hold a deterministic view by reading statements likeScience ha