考研考博-英语-重庆轻工职业学院考研模拟卷I【3套】含答案详解

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1、住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-重庆轻工职业学院考研模拟卷【3套】含答案详解（图片大小可任意调节）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第一卷一.单项选择题(共100题)1.The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11,2009.It is the first worldwide epidemic 1by the World Health Organization in 41 years.The heightened ale

2、rt_2 an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that convened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia,and rising 3_in Britain,Japan,Chile and elsewhere.But the epidemic is4in severity,according to Margaret Chan,the organizations director general,5 the overwhelming majority of patients experien

3、cing only mild symptoms and a full recovery,often in the 6 of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global_7 in late April 2009,when Mexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths 8 healthy adults.As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic,ca

4、ses began to 9 in New York City,the southwestern United States and around the world.In the United States,new cases seemed to fade 10 warmer weather arrived.But in late September 2009,officials reported there was 11 flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the 12 tested are the new s

5、wine flu,also known as（A）H1N1,not seasonal flu.In the U.S.,it has_13 more than one million people,and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials_14_Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began 15 orders from the states for the new swine fl

6、u vaccine.The new vaccine,which is different from the annual flu vaccine,is 16 ahead of expectations.More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009,though most of those 17 doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type,which is not 18 for pregnant women,people over 50 or t

7、hose with breathing difficulties,heart disease or several other 19.But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group:health care workers,people20_infants and healthy young people.9选？A.stay upB.crop upC.fill upD.cover up答案：B 本题解析：词义辨析【直击答案】本空格所在句是As much of Mexico City shut down

8、at the height of a panic,cases began to 9 in New York City,the southwestern United States and around the world.纽约，美国西南部和世界其他地区也出现了该疾病，故本题选B项crop up“突然出现”。【命题思路】本题考查动词和介词构成的短语的词义辨析。【干扰排除】本题所给四个选项都是动词和同一介词up构成的短语，有一定干扰性。In the United States,new cases seemed to fade 10 warmer weather arrived.But in lat

9、e September 2009,officials reported there was 11_flu activity in almost every state and that virtually allthe 12 tested are the new swine flu,also known as（A）H1N1,not seasonal flu.In the US.,it has 13 more than one million people,and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6，000 hospitalizations.【

10、译文】随着天气变暖，美国新增病例似乎开始减少。但是据官方报道，在2009年9月末，几乎在每个州，该流感病毒都异常活跃，实际上，所有送去检验的样本经检验得出都是新型猪流感病毒，也被称为H1N1，而不是季节性流感。美国有一百多万人感染了这种病毒，六百多人因此而死亡还有超过六千多人入院治疗。2.In the 20th century the planets populationdoubled twice.It will not double even once in the 1 century,because birth rates in much of the world have 2 steep

11、ly.But the number of people over 65 is set to 3 within just 25 years.This shift in the structure of the population is not as momentous as the 4 that came before.But it is more than enough to reshape the world economy.5 the UNs population 6,the standard source for demographic estimates,there are arou

12、nd 600m people aged 65 0r older 7 today.That is in itself remarkable;the author Fred Pearce claims it is 8 that half of all the humans who have ever been over 65 are alive today.But 9 a share of the total population,at 8%,it is not that 10 to what it was a few decades ago.By 2035,11,more than l.1 bi

13、llion people-13%of the population-will be above the age of 65.This is a 12 result of the dropping birth rates that are slowing overall population growth;they mean there are 13 fewer younS people around.Theold-age dependency ratio-the ratio of old people to those of working age-will 14 even faster.In

14、 2010 the world had 16 people aged 65 and over for every 100 aduILs between the ages of 25 and 64,15 the same raLio it had in 1980.By 2035 the UN 16 that number to have risen to 26.In rich countries it will be much higher.Japan will have 69 0ld people for every 100 0f working age by 2035,Germany 66.

15、17 America,which has a relaLively high 18 rate,will see its old-age dependency rate rise by more than 70%,t0 44.Developing counLries,19 todays ratio is much lower,will not see absolute levels rise that high;20 the proportional growth will be higher.Over the same time period the old-age dependency ra

16、te in China will more than double from 15 t0 36.Latin America wiU see a shift from 14 to 27.15选？A.actuallyB.certainlyC.almostD.already答案：C 本题解析：剐词辨析题。Aactually实际上；Bcertainly肯定地；Calmost几乎；Dalready已经。原文说2010年老年人的比例与1980年几乎一样，仅从搭配上来看，almost the same是最合适的，故C为答案。3.Rats and other animals need to be highly

17、 at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.To find out if this extends to non-living beings,Loleh Quinn at the University of California,San Diego,and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals form robotic rats.They h

18、oused eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat-one social and one asocial一for 5 our days.The robots rats were quite minimalist,resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment,the social robot rat followed the living rats

19、around,played with the same toys,and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape.Meanwhile,the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side Next,the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.Across 18 trials

20、each,the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one.This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being.They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and p

21、laying.This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier,and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped,says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design.The robot was the same size as a regular rat but re

22、sembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“Wed assumed wed have to give it a moving head and tail,facial features,and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat,but that wasnt necessary,”says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia,who helped with the research.The finding shows

23、 how sensitive rats are to social cues,even when they come from basic robots.Similarly,children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings,even when they display only simple social signals.“We humans seem to be fascinated by robots,and it turns out other animals are too,”says Wiles.It can be

24、learned from the text that rats_A.appear to be adaptable to new surroundingsB.are more socially active than other animalsC.behave differently from children in socializingD.are more sensitive to social cues than expected答案：D 本题解析：本题目为推断题，考察基于全文主旨进行推断。题干并没有具体关键词，因此需要通过选项回到文中逐一对应。正确答案D are more sensiti

25、ve to social cues than expected对社交线索比预期更敏感，与原文尾段首句The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues,even when they come from basic robots.（这一发现显示了老鼠对社交暗示的敏感程度，即使是来自基本机器老鼠的社交暗示）属于类似表达。选项A的appear to be adaptable to new surroundings似乎能适应新环境，在文中并未提及，属于无中生有。选项B的are more socially active than other a

26、nimals比其他动物更活跃，文中只提到其他动物也一样会对机器人着迷，属于偷换概念。干扰项C的behave differently from children in socializing在社交活动中表现得与孩子不同，与原文内容相反，原文内容指的是孩子们倾向于把机器人当作人来对待，即使他们只显示简单的社会信号。这一点与老鼠是一样的，属于正反混淆。4.Text 2 Tropical rain pounds on the roof of a cavernous warehouse near Jakarta,Indonesias capital.Inside,youngsters in orange

27、 T-shirts haul around clothes,luggage and electrical goods for Lazada,an ecommerce finn,which has just moved in.The 12,000 square metre space is three times the size of the old one,but it already looks full.Three years ago Lazadas entire stock filled a storeroom the size of a studio flat,recalls Mag

28、nus Ekbom,its twenty-something boss in Indonesia.Internet shopping accounts for less than l%of all purchases in South-East Asia-a region twice as populous as America,where the proporlion is nearly 10%.But surging smartphone use and a broadening middle class mean the market is set to multiply:perhaps

29、 five fold by 2018,reckons Frost&Sullivan,a consulting firm.Since it launched in 2012 Lazada has laid claim to six South-East Asian countries,largely unchallenged by e-commerce giants such as Amazon of the United States,Alibaba of China and Rakuten of Japan.It may soon have to fight them for its ten

30、itory.Lazada was created by Rocket Internet,a Berlin-based investor that helps out startups designed to dominate emerging markets.Rocket still holds a 24%stake,though Lazada has now raised more than$600m from inveslors including Tesco,a Bntish grocer,and Temasek,a Singaporean sover-eign-wealth fund.

31、These deals appear to value it at about$1.3 billion,which could well make it South-East Asias dearesl technology firm.Like other Rocket companies,Lazada is run by a group of young European emigranLs,plucked from finance and consuhing.It seems ready to stomach years oflosses.In the first half of 2014

32、-Lhe only recent period for which results are available-it lost$50m before interest and tax,on revenues of$60m.Again like other Rocket comparues,its critics say it is just a copycat,in this case a mere clone of Amazon.Lazadas bosses say such charges underestimate the sophistication and ambition requ

33、ired to succeed in places such as Thailand,Indonesia,the Philippines and Vietnam.Online marketing is trickier there than in America or Europe,because locals use a much wider variety of search and social-media sites.The regions diversity means constant adjustment of online portals to suit local langu

34、ages and cultures.It also means batding a hotch potch of customs rules.We can learn from Paragraph I that_A.online shopping in Indonesia is flourishingB.the weather in Jakarta may influence shippingC.Lazada is the only e-commerce firm in JakartaD.the customers of Lazada are mostly youngsters答案：A 本题解

35、析：推理题。Aonline shopping in Indonesia is flourishing“印尼网上购物正在兴起”；首段第三行提到e-commerce firm“电商企业”，该词提示online shopping“网上购物”；接着说电商来赞达12 000平米的仓库已满，而3年前其货物存储量仅为一室公寓大小，暗示印尼电商迅速发展，故该项正确。Bthe weather in Jakarta may influence shipping“雅加达的天气可能会影响货运”；首句提到雅加达大雨滂沱，一群年轻人正在搬运货物，但是没有提到货运会受影响，该项属于无中生有。CLazada is the o

36、nly e-commerce firm in Jakarta“来赞达是雅加达唯一的电商企业”；本项only-词过于绝对，而且文章首段也没有提到来赞达是否是雅加达唯一的电商，故该项错误。Dthe customers of Lazada are mostly youngsters“来赞达的顾客大多数是年轻人”；文章提到一群年轻人在搬运货物，并没有提到来赞达的顾客群体是什么人，故该项错误。综上，本题选择A5.Text 1The love of money,St Paul memorably wrote to his protege Timothy,is the root of all evil.Al

37、lmay be putting it a bit strongly,but dozens of psychological studies have indeed shown that people primed to think about money before an experiment are more likely to lie,cheat and steal during the course of that experiment.Another well-known aphorism,ascribed to Benjamin Franklin,istime is money.I

38、f true,that suggests a syllogism:that the love of time is a root of evil,too.But a paperjust published in Psychological Science by Francesca Gino of Harvard and Cassie Mogilner of the University of Pennsylvania suggests precisely the opposite.Dr Gino and Dr Mogilner asked a group of volunteers to do

39、 a scries of what appeared to be aptitude tests.As is ofien the case in such experiments,though,what the voiunteers were told.and what the truth was,were rather different things.In the first test they were asked to make,within three minutes,as many coherent sentences as they could out of a set ofwor

40、ds they had been presented with.What they were not told was that each of them had been assigned to one of three groups.Some volunteersword sets were seeded with ones associated with money,such asdollars,financingandspend.Some were seeded with words associated with time（eg,clock,/hours,moment）.And so

41、me were seeded with neither.Thus unknowingly primed,the volunteers were ready for the second test.This was mathematical.They were given a sheet of paper with 20 matrices which each contained 12 numbers.two of which added up to ten（for example,3.81 and 6.19）.They had to write down,on a separate answe

42、r sheet,how many of these pairs they could manage to find in five minutes.They were also given a packet ofmoney and told they could reward themselves with a dollar for each pair they discovered.This led Dr Gino and Dr Mogilner to suspect that self-reflection played a part in controlling uncthical be

43、haviour during the test.They therefore conducted a third test in which,for half the volunteers,there was a mirror in the cubicle they were sitting in when doing the experiment.Volunteers primed to think about money cheated 39%of the time when a mirror was present but 67%when it was not.Those primed

44、to think about time cheated 32%of the time in the presence of the mirror and 36%in its absence-results that are statistically indistinguishable.Finally,a fourth experiment asked primed volunteers to fill in a questionnaire before tackling the matrix.In amongfillerquestions intended to disguise what

45、was happening this asked them to rate how they felt about self-reflective statements like,Right now,1 am thinking about who I am as a person.As in the previous tests,those primed with money words cheated more ofien than those primed with neutral words and far more ofien than those primed with time w

46、ords.But whether someone cheated was also related to how strongly he felt about the self-reflective statements presented to him in the questionnaire.It seems,then,that thinking about time has the opposite effect on people from thinking about money.It makes them more honest than normal,rather than le

47、ss so.Moreover,the more reflective they are,the more honest they become.There must be an aphorism in that.It can be concluded from the text that.A.people primed with neutral words cheated more than those primed with money wordsB.self-refiection plays a significant role in peoples decision makingC.vo

48、lunteers cheated was also related with whether a mirror in the cubicle they were sittingD.people primed with time words cheated most among the subjects答案：B 本题解析：推理判断题。题目没有体现具体的对应段落，但是conclude泽为“结论”，按照出题顺序的原则对应文章的第五段，其中In among“fillerquestions intended to disguise what was happening this asked them t

49、o raic how they feh about self-reflective statements like（问卷上设有掩饰之前不光彩行为的“补充”问题，调查他们在看到门我反思表述语句时的感受）可以体现结论，B项self-refiection plays a significant roleIn peoples decision making“自我反省在人们的决策中扮演着重要的角色”与此相对应。故B项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A项巾的比较与原文刚好相反，因此应当排除；c项在定位的段落中并没有体现，因此应当排除；D项在结论的段落中有体现，但是段落中说被灌输金钱词语的志愿者作弊倾向最大，因此该

50、选项排除。6.Retrofitting houses to use less energy should be a no-brainer for homeowners.1 time,money spent on ways to reduce heat loss from drauShty houses should produce a 2 return in lower fuel bills.In practice,many are cauLious.Some improvements,such as solid-wall insulation and solar panels,can tak

51、e over 25 years to 3 their initial cost.Few owners are willing to wait that long:by then many are likely to have.4 and moved on.Several governments have started finance schemes designed t0 5 this problem.Since 2008 PACE programmes have offered American homeowners loans to 6.improvements,repaid throu

52、gh higher local taxes on the property,7 it belongs to.In Brit.ain,Lhe Green Deal offers loans over a 25-year period,with repayments added to energy bills.Countnes including France and Canada have similar 8.In theory,these schemes should boost investment in common energy-saving measures,such as extra

53、 insulation and new boilers,9 the first owner does not have to pay all the costs in advance.But enrolment rates have 10,according to Sean Kidney at the Climate Bonds Initiative,a thinktank.In Britain,just 1%of those assessed for the Creen Deal have signed up.In Berkeley,California,home of the first

54、PACE scheme,the 11 rate is similarly low.Homeowners are 12 chiefly because the interest raLes on the loans look high.The Green Deal charges 7%;some PACE schemes a hefty 8%.As these rates are fixed for decades,they will 13 look unattractive when（as now）short-term interest rates are low.Many people al

55、s0 14 they will save enough on their energy biUs to cover the repayments.For instance,15 in Britain that installing loft insulation can cut energy bills by 20%have been dented by a government study that found it 16 gas consumption by only l.7%on average.Others fear that green loans may reduce the va

56、lue of their home.In America,firms that undewrite mortgages are 17 PACE loans.Green loans have not been a failure everywhere.Around 250,000 households in Germany 18 for them each year.They do so 19 they need pay only 1%interest on them each yeu,thanks to an annual public subsidy of 1.5 billion.Wheth

57、er that is a（an）20 use of taxpayersmoney is another question.10选？A.appointedB.worriedC.disappoinLedD.surprised答案：C 本题解析：动词辨析题。Aappointed任命，委派；Bworried担心；Cdisappointed使失望；Dsurprised使惊讶。文中enrolment rate表示“使用率”；下文提到just l%，low等词都是明显的负面词汇，故该空理应填人负面词汇，选项AD偏向中性，BC偏负面，故排除A】D。而Bworry的主语一般都是人，故可以排除。文中enrolme

58、nt rates have disappointed意思为“使用率低到令人失望”。故C正确。7.Thinner isnt always better.A number of studies have 1_that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight.And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually_2_.For example,heavi

59、er women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women.3 among the elderly,being somewhat overweight is often an_4 of good health.Of even greater 5 is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define.It is often defined 6_body mass index,or BMI.BMI 7 body mass divided b

60、y the square of height.An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight.Between 25 and 30 is overweight.And over 30 is considered obese.Obesity,8,can be divided into moderately obese,severely obese,and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9,they are not.Obes

61、ity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat.Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit,10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11.For example,many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese,though their percentage body fat is low.Conversely,someone with a small fra

62、me may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a（an）_14_to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered.Stereotypes_16_with obesity include laziness,lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professiona

63、ls have been shown to harbor biases against the obese._17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight,and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes toward obesity,_18_in health concerns,have stimulated a number of anti-obesity_19_.My own hospital syst

64、em has banned sugary drinks from its facilities.Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives.Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign_20_childhood obesity,even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.19选？A.discussionsB.businessesC.policiesD.studies答案：D 本题解析：词义辨析【直击答案】解答此题需要联系空格后面紧跟着的句子。空后的句子出现了一系列表示同一个语义场的词汇，如hospital system，ban，many employers institute,指向的意思是一个系统中所出台的政策的问题。浏览四个选项，D项policies符合题意，直接入选。【命题思路】本题考查对上下文的语义的理解。【干扰排除】D项是强干扰项，代入原文与空格部分形成“对抗肥胖的研究”，但此含义与下文出现的语义场不吻合，因为“研究”一般多出自于机构，科研院所等