考研考博-英语-宁夏幼儿师范高等专科学校考研模拟卷I【3套】含答案详解

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1、住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-宁夏幼儿师范高等专科学校考研模拟卷【3套】含答案详解（图片大小可任意调节）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第一卷一.单项选择题(共100题)1.Thinner isnt always better.A number of studies have 1_that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight.And there are health conditions for which

2、 being overweight is actually_2_.For example,heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women.3 among the elderly,being somewhat overweight is often an_4 of good health.Of even greater 5 is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define.It is often defined

3、6_body mass index,or BMI.BMI 7 body mass divided by the square of height.An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight.Between 25 and 30 is overweight.And over 30 is considered obese.Obesity,8,can be divided into moderately obese,severely obese,and very severely obese.While

4、 such numerical standards seem 9,they are not.Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat.Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit,10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11.For example,many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese,though their percentage b

5、ody fat is low.Conversely,someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a（an）_14_to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered.Stereotypes_16_with obesity include laziness,lack of will power,and lower prospects for

6、 success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese._17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight,and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes toward obesity,_18_in health concerns,have stimulated

7、 a number of anti-obesity_19_.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities.Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives.Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign_20_childhood obesity,even claiming that it represents our greatest national security

8、 threat.1选？A.deniedB.concludedC.doubledD.ensured答案：B 本题解析：词义辨析【直击答案】空格所在句意为“一系列的研究已经，事实上，正常体重的人患病风险要高于超重的人”。根据句义，后面的部分实际上是研究结论，因此B项concluded符合题意。【命题思路】本题根据上下文所给信息判断答案，同时也考查考生对相近含义的词汇辨析。【干扰排除】A项denied“否认”，与原文意义相反；C项doubled“翻倍”，与题意较远；D项ensured“确保”，不符合题意，因为研究不能确保后面的事实，只能得出后面的事实作为结论。2.Text 3 University

9、used to be for a privileged few.In some countries it is now almost a rite of passage.Although that is excellent news,rew countries have worked out how to pay for it.In some of continental Europe,where the state often foots the bill,the result has usually been under investment.In America,where studen

10、ts themselves pay,many have little choice but to take on huge debts.English policymakers thought they had struck the right balance,with a mix of student fees and generous state loans.But,nearly two decades after youngsters were first required to contribute to tuition costs,the system has dwindling s

11、upport at home.Jeremy Corbyn,Labours leader,speaks as though it were designed to keep the poor from spoiling the ivory towers.He has called for an end to thedebt burdenon students,and has claimed thatfewer working-class young people are applying to university,Labours showing at the recent election s

12、uggests many young voters agree.Mr Corbyns argument betrays a disregard for the facts and a poor understanding of student finance.Twenty years ago English students could go to university free,with the state covering the cost.The result was many struggling institutions and strict limits on the number

13、s of students universities were allowed to take.Annual tuition fees allowed an expansion of higher education,from around 30%of 18-year-olds to more than 40%-and the proportion of youngsters going to university from poor parts of the country has grown from one-in-ten to three-in-ten.That is because l

14、oans for tuition are combined with gentle repayment terms.Graduates only pay back based on their income above21,000 a year,meaning that their debts never become unmanageable.Outstanding loans are written off after 30 years.Critics argue that tuition fees aggravate inequality between generations（rich

15、 oldsters attended university free,after all）,but the alternative would be greater inequality within generations-as poorer students were once again frozen out when capacity fell,and relatively wealthy graduates were subsidised from general taxation.The real problem with the English system is not fai

16、rness,but that fees have not driven up standards.Almost all universities charge the maximum,whatever the course-not because they are acartel,but because no university wants to suggest that it offers a cut-price,second-rate degree.Nevertheless,surveys indicate that students have seen little improveme

17、nt in teaching.One answer would be to promote competition by giving students better information.The government has relaxed the rules for new institutions in the hope that they will develop new teaching methods and drive down prices.It could also encourage students to hold universities to account,wit

18、h devices such as learning contracts specifying what undergraduates should expect,and by helping them switch courses if they are dissatisfied.If students think they are not getting value for money,support for a scheme that is fair and progressive will dwindle.And that could lead to the most regressi

19、ve step of all:scrapping tuition fees.Which of the following contributes to higher teaching standards?A.Promoting competition among studentsB.Updating teaching devicesC.Empowering studentsD.Raising tuition fees答案：C 本题解析：信息锁定末段就如何提升大学教学给出建议，其中句指出：政府（It回指The government）还应采取一些手段来鼓励学生要求学校负责，比如要求学校与学生签订明

20、确学生需求的合约、当学生不满意时帮助他们调整课程，言外之意即，政府应该赋予学生更多权力、学校应该承担更多责任来促使学校提高教学水平，因此C.正确。解题技巧A.将末段首句作者建议“通过给予学生更多信息来加强高校间的竞争”篡改为“加强学生之间的竞争”；B.根据部分信息develop new teaching methods、个别词汇devices以及常识“更新教学设施一定程度上有助于提升教学水平”设置于扰，但这并非作者建议，且文中devices也并非“教学设施”之意，而是意为“（赋予学生权力所采取的）方式、手段”；D.利用末段末句词汇tuition fees反向干扰，与第五段内容“高额学费并未促使

21、大学提升教学水平”明显相悖。3.Text 1The love of money,St Paul memorably wrote to his protege Timothy,is the root of all evil.Allmay be putting it a bit strongly,but dozens of psychological studies have indeed shown that people primed to think about money before an experiment are more likely to lie,cheat and steal

22、 during the course of that experiment.Another well-known aphorism,ascribed to Benjamin Franklin,istime is money.If true,that suggests a syllogism:that the love of time is a root of evil,too.But a paperjust published in Psychological Science by Francesca Gino of Harvard and Cassie Mogilner of the Uni

23、versity of Pennsylvania suggests precisely the opposite.Dr Gino and Dr Mogilner asked a group of volunteers to do a scries of what appeared to be aptitude tests.As is ofien the case in such experiments,though,what the voiunteers were told.and what the truth was,were rather different things.In the fi

24、rst test they were asked to make,within three minutes,as many coherent sentences as they could out of a set ofwords they had been presented with.What they were not told was that each of them had been assigned to one of three groups.Some volunteersword sets were seeded with ones associated with money

25、,such asdollars,financingandspend.Some were seeded with words associated with time（eg,clock,/hours,moment）.And some were seeded with neither.Thus unknowingly primed,the volunteers were ready for the second test.This was mathematical.They were given a sheet of paper with 20 matrices which each contai

26、ned 12 numbers.two of which added up to ten（for example,3.81 and 6.19）.They had to write down,on a separate answer sheet,how many of these pairs they could manage to find in five minutes.They were also given a packet ofmoney and told they could reward themselves with a dollar for each pair they disc

27、overed.This led Dr Gino and Dr Mogilner to suspect that self-reflection played a part in controlling uncthical behaviour during the test.They therefore conducted a third test in which,for half the volunteers,there was a mirror in the cubicle they were sitting in when doing the experiment.Volunteers

28、primed to think about money cheated 39%of the time when a mirror was present but 67%when it was not.Those primed to think about time cheated 32%of the time in the presence of the mirror and 36%in its absence-results that are statistically indistinguishable.Finally,a fourth experiment asked primed vo

29、lunteers to fill in a questionnaire before tackling the matrix.In amongfillerquestions intended to disguise what was happening this asked them to rate how they felt about self-reflective statements like,Right now,1 am thinking about who I am as a person.As in the previous tests,those primed with mon

30、ey words cheated more ofien than those primed with neutral words and far more ofien than those primed with time words.But whether someone cheated was also related to how strongly he felt about the self-reflective statements presented to him in the questionnaire.It seems,then,that thinking about time

31、 has the opposite effect on people from thinking about money.It makes them more honest than normal,rather than less so.Moreover,the more reflective they are,the more honest they become.There must be an aphorism in that.The wordunethical（Para.4）is closest in meaning to_A.informalB.nontraditionalC.non

32、-mainstreamD.immoral答案：D 本题解析：词汇理解题。解答此题目的关键是通读对应段落后仔细分析上下文，适当地找到同性词，该段落的上文是谈第一个测试的结果，都是与欺骗有关，而考查单词的段落则是进一步说明欺骗的内容，因此考查的词汇应当与欺骗有关，D项Immoral“不道德的”与此相对应，故D项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A项informal“非正式的”、B项“非传统的”和C项non-mainstream“非主流的”，都与欺骗无关，因此应当排除。4.If you arent happy with your full-time job,but the fear of losing a s

33、teady income is holding you back from trying something new,read on.Weve asked personal finance and employment experts for tips on thriving in thegig economy.41.Instead of paying a pricey tuition at a local college to pick up a new skill,sign up for massive open online courses（MOOCs）,which are often

34、free or low-cost.Available to anyone with an Intemet connection,MOOCs offer high-quality virtual courses from some of the worlds best universities,reports Forbes.Youll find courses in computer programming,engineering,graphic design,leadership,and many other subjects.They even have integrated program

35、s that build to certificates or degrees which can help you demonstrate your knowledge to others.42.Dont be put off by job listings for full-time positions;you should still apply.Companies create job listings with intentions of hiring in-house people,but will ofien hire contractors because there is l

36、ess paperwork and regulation or because a contractor can provide more specialized work:Shudam says.Or they may hire you on a short-term position while theyre looking for the right person to fill the full-time job.43.Going above and beyond for a client will be your new standard,says Shudam.That may m

37、ean answering emails at all hours of the day and accepting that at times you may lose money,if a client needs a revise you hadnt budgeted for.Its part of the risk/reward with working on your own:Shudam says.44.It goes without saying that you need to build a stellar reputation.Make sure you are build

38、ing quality and meaningful relationships with your employers,shares EnLrepreneur.By becoming a hiring managers favorite,you might even get access to unadvertised opportunities that you never knew were a possibility.And having great relationships not only increases the chances you will be hired again

39、,it also increases the likelihood that managers will refer you to others.45.The hard truth is that youre not going to get every job you apply for,and thats part of the gig culture.Gettlng passed over on one job doesnt prevent you from consideration for the next,explains Entrepreneur Magazine.Keep an

40、 open mind,be persistent,and always maintain a positive outlook with your respective employers.You never know when the right opportunity will come along,and you want to make sure you are the one on their speed dial.43选？A.Know where to look forjobsB.Be prepared to work hardC.Let your name be your bes

41、t advertisementD.Build your skill set for lessE.Realize theres lots ofcompetitionF.Be creative when responding to job postingsG.Combine forces答案：B 本题解析：该段落讲到，为客户做更多的事情、一天中每时每刻都要回复电子邮件等，这都是努力工作的表现B项“做好努力工作的准备”符合该段大意，故B项为正确选项。5.Text 3 While there are rival contenders,the title of the worlds first depa

42、rtment store belongs,perhaps,to Harding,Howell&Cos Grand Fashionable Magazine at 89 Pall Mall in St Jamess,London.Opened in 1796,this handsome Georgian shop was divided into four departments,offering furs and fans,haberdashery,jewellery and clocks,and millinery,or hats.Harding,Howell&Co was focused

43、on the needs and desires of fashionable women.Here,at last women were free to browse and shop,safely and decorously,away from home and from the company of men.These,for the main part,were newly affiuent middle class women,their good fortune-and the department store itself-nurtured and shaped by the

44、Industrial Revolution.This was transforming life in London and the length and breadth of Britain at a dizzying pace on the back of energetic free trade,fecund invention,steam and sail,and a seemingly inexhaustible supply of expendable cheap labour.It is no coincidence that,from the mid 19th Century,

45、the department store adopted the look and feel of the way we have known it for more than 150 years with the opening,by Queen Victoria and Prince Albert,of the Great Exhibition in 1851.This was held in the Crystal Palace,a truly revolutionary structure,designed by Joseph Paxton and located in Hyde Pa

46、rk,not far from Harrods,which,from 1905,became Europes biggest department store.The threat of the shopping mall coincided with a global acceptance of the Internet,personal computers and smart phones-the rise of online shopping.Against the odds the department store has survived.People may choose to b

47、uy online,yet they also like to see whats on offer in person.Department stores present a good snapshot of current trends in fashion,design,household goods and gadgets.As a result,forward-looking department stores have re-imagined themselves as retail theatres.Intriguingly,internet-savvy customers in

48、 Britain still enjoy shopping in the fabric departments of John Lewis department stores much as their predecessors did 150 years ago.Think Crystal Palace 1851 with 21st Century marketing and communications technology and you can see just why the department store remains hard to beat,an endearing and

49、 enduring cultural and retail fixture on our busiest city streets and squares.Which of the following statements is true about the effect of the Industrial Revolution?A.People were too busy to shop in the deparrment stores in LondonB.Peoples life has changed a lot throughout LondonC.There were not en

50、ough supply of cheap labour in LondonD.Free trade was discouraged by the fast-paced life in London答案：B 本题解析：事实细节题。根据the Industrial Revolution定位到文章第二段。第三句提到their good forlune-and the department stop itself-nurtured and shaped by the Industrial Revolution（工业革命不仅为她们带来了财富，也使百货商店得以诞生。）第四句提到This was trans

51、forming life in London and the length and breadth of Britain（工业革命正在改变伦敦的生活，扩大英国的管辖范围），故B项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A项“人们太忙了以至于没有时间在伦敦的百货商店里购物”本段未提及；C项“伦敦的廉价劳动力供应不足”，而第二段第四句说到on the back or.a seemingly inexhausLible supply of expendable cheap labour（依靠似乎是取之不尽的可消费廉价劳动力供应），所以C项错误；D项“伦敦快节奏的生活抑制了自由贸易”，而第二段第四句说到at a di

52、zzying pace on the back of energetic free trade（依靠积极有力的自由贸易以惊人的速度）说明自由贸易并没有受挫，所以D项错误。6.Happy people work differently.Theyre more productive,more creative,and willing to take greater risks.And new researchsuggeststhathappinessmightinfluence_1_firmswork,too.Companies located in places with happier peo

53、ple invest more,according to a recent research paper._2_,firms in happyplacesspend more on R&D（researchand development）.Thats becausehappiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking_3_formakinginvestmentsforthefuture.The researchers wanted to know if the_4_and inclination for risk-taking that

54、 come with happiness would_5_the way companies invested.So they compared U.S.citiesaverage happiness_6_by Gallup polling with the investment activityofpubliclytradedfirmsinthoseareas._7_enough,firmsinvestment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were_8_.Buti

55、sitreallyhappinessthatslinkedtoinvestment,orcouldsomethingelseabouthappiercities_9_whyfirms there spend more on R&D?To find out,the researchers controlled for various_10_that might make firms more likely to investlikesize,industry,andsalesandforindicatorsthataplacewas_11_tolivein,likegrowthinwagesor

56、population.Thelinkbetweenhappinessandinvestmentgenerally_12_evenafteraccountingforthesethings.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms,which the authors_13_to“less codified decision making process”and the possible presence of“younger and less_14_mana

57、gers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.”The relationship was_15_stronger in places where happiness was spread more_16_.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy,rather than in places with happinessinequality._17_thisdoesntprovethathappinesscausesfirms

58、toinvestmoreortotakealonger-termview,theauthorsbelieveit at least_18_at that possibility.Its not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help_19_how executives think about the future.“It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and_20_R&Dmor

59、ethantheaverage,”saidoneresearcher.12选？A.resumedB.heldC.emergedD.broke答案：B 本题解析：空格处所在段落说明幸福与投资相关，而空格所在句是该段的总结句，从even after可知，该句强调即便对上述情况做出了解释，快乐仍与投资相关，所以B为正确答案，表示“快乐与投资之间的关系还是不变”。7.When we meet people for the first time,we often make decisions about them based entirely on how they look.And,of course

60、 its something that works both ways,for we too are being judged on our appearance.When we look good,we feel good,which in turn leads to a more confident and self-assured manner.People then pick up on this confldence and respond positively towards us.Undoubtedly,its whats inside thats important,but s

61、ometimes we can send out the wrong signals simply by wearing inappropriate clothing or not spending enough time thinking about how others see us.41.For example,people often make the mistake of trying to look like someone else theyve seen in a magazine,but this is usually a disaster as we all have ou

62、r own characteristics.Stand in front of a full-length mirror and be honest with yourself about what you see.There is no need to dwell on your faults-we all have good points and bad points-but think instead about the best way to emphasize the good ones.42.When selecting your clothes each day,think ab

63、out who youre likely to meet,where youre going to be spending most ofyour time and what tasks you are likely to perform.Clearly,some ouffits will be more appropriate to different sorts of activity and this will dictate your choice to an extent.However,theres no need to abandon your individual taste

64、completely.After all,if you dress to please somebody elses idea of what looks good,you may end up feeling uncomfortable and not quite yourself.43.But to know your own mind,you have to get to know yourself.What do you truly feel good in?There are probably a few favourite items that you wear a lot-most people wear 20 per cent of their wardrobe 80 per cent of the time.Look at these clothes and ask yourself what they have in common.Are they neat and tidy,loose and flowing?Then look at the things hanging in your wardrobe that you dont wear and ask y