考研考博-英语-陕西学前师范学院考研模拟卷I【3套】含答案详解

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1、住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-陕西学前师范学院考研模拟卷【3套】含答案详解（图片大小可任意调节）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第一卷一.单项选择题(共100题)1.Text 1The love of money,St Paul memorably wrote to his protege Timothy,is the root of all evil.Allmay be putting it a bit strongly,but dozens of psychological studies have indeed shown that people primed to

2、 think about money before an experiment are more likely to lie,cheat and steal during the course of that experiment.Another well-known aphorism,ascribed to Benjamin Franklin,istime is money.If true,that suggests a syllogism:that the love of time is a root of evil,too.But a paperjust published in Psy

3、chological Science by Francesca Gino of Harvard and Cassie Mogilner of the University of Pennsylvania suggests precisely the opposite.Dr Gino and Dr Mogilner asked a group of volunteers to do a scries of what appeared to be aptitude tests.As is ofien the case in such experiments,though,what the voiu

4、nteers were told.and what the truth was,were rather different things.In the first test they were asked to make,within three minutes,as many coherent sentences as they could out of a set ofwords they had been presented with.What they were not told was that each of them had been assigned to one of thr

5、ee groups.Some volunteersword sets were seeded with ones associated with money,such asdollars,financingandspend.Some were seeded with words associated with time（eg,clock,/hours,moment）.And some were seeded with neither.Thus unknowingly primed,the volunteers were ready for the second test.This was ma

6、thematical.They were given a sheet of paper with 20 matrices which each contained 12 numbers.two of which added up to ten（for example,3.81 and 6.19）.They had to write down,on a separate answer sheet,how many of these pairs they could manage to find in five minutes.They were also given a packet ofmon

7、ey and told they could reward themselves with a dollar for each pair they discovered.This led Dr Gino and Dr Mogilner to suspect that self-reflection played a part in controlling uncthical behaviour during the test.They therefore conducted a third test in which,for half the volunteers,there was a mi

8、rror in the cubicle they were sitting in when doing the experiment.Volunteers primed to think about money cheated 39%of the time when a mirror was present but 67%when it was not.Those primed to think about time cheated 32%of the time in the presence of the mirror and 36%in its absence-results that a

9、re statistically indistinguishable.Finally,a fourth experiment asked primed volunteers to fill in a questionnaire before tackling the matrix.In amongfillerquestions intended to disguise what was happening this asked them to rate how they felt about self-reflective statements like,Right now,1 am thin

10、king about who I am as a person.As in the previous tests,those primed with money words cheated more ofien than those primed with neutral words and far more ofien than those primed with time words.But whether someone cheated was also related to how strongly he felt about the self-reflective statement

11、s presented to him in the questionnaire.It seems,then,that thinking about time has the opposite effect on people from thinking about money.It makes them more honest than normal,rather than less so.Moreover,the more reflective they are,the more honest they become.There must be an aphorism in that.The

12、 wordunethical（Para.4）is closest in meaning to_A.informalB.nontraditionalC.non-mainstreamD.immoral答案：D 本题解析：词汇理解题。解答此题目的关键是通读对应段落后仔细分析上下文，适当地找到同性词，该段落的上文是谈第一个测试的结果，都是与欺骗有关，而考查单词的段落则是进一步说明欺骗的内容，因此考查的词汇应当与欺骗有关，D项Immoral“不道德的”与此相对应，故D项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A项informal“非正式的”、B项“非传统的”和C项non-mainstream“非主流的”，都与欺骗无关，

13、因此应当排除。2.Text 3 We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth,with soldiers returning home by the millions,going off to college on the G.I.Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.But when it came to their houses,it was a time of common sense

14、 and a belief that less could truly be more.During the Depression and the war,Americans had learned to live with less,and that restraint,in combination with the postwar confidence in the future,made small,efficient housing positively stylish.Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend towar

15、d efficient living.The phrase“less is more”was actually first popularized by a German,the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe,who like other people associated with the Bauhaus,a school of design,emigrated to the United States before World War II and took up posts at American architecture schools.Thes

16、e designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture,but none more so than Mies.Miess signature phrase means that less decoration,properly organized,has more impact than a lot.Elegance,he believed,did not derive from abundance.Like other modern architects,he employed m

17、etal,glass and laminated woodmaterials that we take for granted today but that in the 1940s symbolized the future.Miess sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient,rather than big and often empty.The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on C

18、hicagos Lake Shore Drive,for example,were smallertwobedroom units under 1，000 square feetthan those in their older neighbors along the citys Gold Coast.But they were popular because of their airy glass walls,the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildingsdetails and proportions,the archite

19、ctural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.The trend toward“less”was not entirely foreign.In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient housesusually around 1，200 square feetthan the spreading twostory ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20t

20、h century.The“Case Study Houses”commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts&Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the“less is more”trend.Aesthetic effect came from the landscape,new materials and forthright detailing.In his Case Study

21、 House,Ralph Rapson may have mispredicted just how the mechanical revolution would impact everyday lifefew American families acquired helicopters,though most eventually got clothes dryersbut his belief that selfsufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.Mies held that elegance o

22、f architectural design_A.was related to large spaceB.was identified with emptinessC.was not reliant on abundant decorationD.was not associated with efficiency答案：C 本题解析：细节题【命题思路】这是一道局部细节题。需要对文章第四段的信息进行锁定，从而推理判断得出答案。【直击答案】根据题干信息定位到第四段第二句“Elegance,he believed,did not derive from abundance.”这句话中“he beli

23、eved”是题干中“Mies held”的同义置换。“derive from”为固定搭配，意为“源于”，C项中“reliant on”意为“依靠”，因此C项中的was not reliant on和原文中的did not derive from是同义置换。原文中的abundance就是指abundant decoration，故C项正确。3.People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once

24、 again 1 that technology is replacing human workers.Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2.：A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wast

25、eland of a different sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5，people will simply become lazy and depressed.6，todays unemployed dont seem to be having a great time.One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having dep

26、ression，double the rate for 7 Americans.Also，some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting 9 poorly-educated，middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs.Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesnt

27、11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease.Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment.In the 13 of work，a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for t

28、he future of labor and leisure.Today，the 15 of work may be a bit overblown.“Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，”says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days，because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，people u

29、se their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs.“When I come home from a hard days work，I often feel 18，”Danaher says，adding，“In a world in which I dont have to work，I might feel rather different”perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion p

30、roject with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.12选？A.chancesB.downsidesC.benefitsD.principles答案：B 本题解析：名词辨析题。空格所在句位于第三段中，整段都是对两种悲观假设所做的反思。本段首先提出之前的推论未必完全正确，接着给出理由。由上文可知，推论是建立在失业的“种种缺点”之上的，故选B。备选项中principles“原理，原则”一词过于宽泛，chances“机会”为无关选项，benefits“益处”与文意相反，故均排除。4.For months Twitter.the micr

31、o-blogging service,has received the kind of free attention of which most companies can only dream.Politicians,corporate bosses,activists and citizens l the plat-form to calch every tweet of Americas new president,who has become the services 2.The whole world is watching Twitter,3 Jack Dorsey,the com

32、panys chief executive,4 he presented its results on February 9th.He has litde else to brag about.But Donald Trump has not provided the kind of boost the 5 firm really needs.It reported 6 revenue growth and a loss of$167m.User growth has been sluggish,too:it added just 2m users in that period.Faceboo

33、k added 72m.The day of the results,shares in Twitter dropped by 12qo.7 news oudeLs around the world already report 8 Mr Trumps most sensationaJ tweets,many do not feel compelled to join the platform t0 9 them.OLhers are 10 by mobs of trolls and large amounts of misinformation.And not 11 Mr Trvmp cou

34、ld change the cold,hard truth about Twitter:that it can never be Facebook.True,it has become one of the most important 12 for public and political 13 among its 319m monthly users.It played an important role in the Arab spring and 14 such as Black Lives MaUer.BuL the platforms freewheeling nature mak

35、es it hard to spin gold from.15,really trying to do so-by packing Twitter feeds 16 advertising,say-would drive away users.Twitters latest results are likely to encourage those who think it should never have become a 17 listed company,and want it to consider alternate models of ownership,such as a co

36、-operative.They 18 Twitter as a kind of public utility-apeoples platform-the management of which should concem public 19 rather more than commercial ones.If the company were coop-eratively owned by users,it would be 20 from short-term pressure to please its investors and meet earrungs targets.14选？A.

37、movementsB.activitiesC.migrationsD.actions答案：A 本题解析：名词辨析题。本题关键提示为后文的such as Black Lives Matter，后文举例是为了说明上文，文中的Black Lives Matter“黑人生命不容忽视”显然是一项movement“运动”。activity“活动”，一般不指政治运动；migration强调“迁徙，移动，移民”；action则泛指“行动”，也与政治运动无关，故本题选择A。5.Text 3 We tend to think of the decades immediately following World W

38、ar II as a time of prosperity and growth,with soldiers returning home by the millions,going off to college on the G.I.Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.But when it came to their houses,it was a time of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more.During the Depression and the war

39、,Americans had learned to live with less,and that restraint,in combination with the postwar confidence in the future,made small,efficient housing positively stylish.Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living.The phrase“less is more”was actually first popularized by

40、a German,the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe,who like other people associated with the Bauhaus,a school of design,emigrated to the United States before World War II and took up posts at American architecture schools.These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American archit

41、ecture,but none more so than Mies.Miess signature phrase means that less decoration,properly organized,has more impact than a lot.Elegance,he believed,did not derive from abundance.Like other modern architects,he employed metal,glass and laminated woodmaterials that we take for granted today but tha

42、t in the 1940s symbolized the future.Miess sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient,rather than big and often empty.The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicagos Lake Shore Drive,for example,were smallertwobedroom units under 1，000

43、 square feetthan those in their older neighbors along the citys Gold Coast.But they were popular because of their airy glass walls,the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildingsdetails and proportions,the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.The trend toward

44、“less”was not entirely foreign.In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient housesusually around 1，200 square feetthan the spreading twostory ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.The“Case Study Houses”commissioned from talented modern architects

45、by California Arts&Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the“less is more”trend.Aesthetic effect came from the landscape,new materials and forthright detailing.In his Case Study House,Ralph Rapson may have mispredicted just how the mechanical revolution

46、would impact everyday lifefew American families acquired helicopters,though most eventually got clothes dryersbut his belief that selfsufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about the Bauhaus?A.It was founded by Ludwig M

47、ies van der RoheB.Its designing concept was affected by World War IIC.Most American architects used to be associated with itD.It had a great influence upon American architecture答案：D 本题解析：推理题【命题思路】这是一道封闭式推理题，需要对文章第三段的信息进行锁定，从而推理判断得出答案。【直击答案】根据题干信息“Bauhaus”定位到第三段。该段最后一句“These designers came to exert e

48、normous influence on the course of American architecture,but none more so than Mies.”可知These designers，即Ludwig Mies van der Rohe以及other people associated with the Bauhaus，对美国建筑有很大影响，故D项正确。【干扰排除】第三段第二句中who引导的定语从句只是说Ludwing Mies van der Rohe和Bauhaus有关联而非创建者，故排除A项。与Bauhaus有关联的Ludwig Mies van der Rohe是在

49、二战前移民美国的，但文中并未提及它的设计理念受二战影响，故B项不选。原文中只提到Bauhaus与其他人有关联，但并未说明这些人大部分是美国人，因此C项属于过度推理。6.Text 3 Drones,originally developed for military purposes,werent approved for commercial use in the United States until 2013.When that happened,it was immediately clear that they could be hugely useful to a whole host

50、 of industries-and almost as quickly,it became clear that regulation would be a problem.The new technology raised multiple safety and security issues,there was no consensus on who should write rules to mitigate those concems,and the knowledge needed to develop the rules didnt yet exist in many cases

51、.In addition,the little flying robots made a lot of people nervous.Such regulatory,logistical,and social barriers to adopting novel products and services are very common.In fact,technology routinely surpasses societys ability to deal with it.Thats partly because tech entrepreneurs are often insoucia

52、nt about the legal and social issues their innovations birth.Although electric cars are subsidized by the federal govemment,Tesla has run afoul of state and local regulations because it bypasses conventional dealers to sell directly to consumers.Facebook is only now facing up to major regulatory con

53、cerns about its use of data,despite being massively successful with users and advertisers.Its clear that even as innovations bring unprecedented comfort and convenience,they also threaten old ways of regulating industries,running a business,and making a living.This has always been true.Thus early ca

54、rs werent allowed to go faster than horses,and some 19th-century textile workers used sledgehammers to attack the industrial machinery they feared would displace them.New technology can even upend social norms:Consider how dating apps have transformed the way people meet.Interestingly,the same insti

55、tutional disorder that pervades nascent industries such as drones and driverless cars is something Ive also seen in developing countries.And strange though this may sound,I believe that tech entrepreneurs can leam a lot from business people who have succeeded in the worlds emerging markets.Entrepren

56、eurs in Brazil or Nigeria know that its pointless to wait for the govemment to provide the institutional and market infrastructure their businesses need,because that will simply take too long.They themselves must build support structures to compensate for what Krishna Palepu and I have referred to i

57、n earlier writrngs asinstitutional voids.They must create the conditions that will allow them to create successful products or services.The wordinsouciant（Para.2）most probably means_A.indifferentB.impartialC.incapableD.insensible答案：A 本题解析：词汇理解题。根据定位词定位到文章第二段。原文指出，在采用新产品和服务方面，这种监管、物流和社会障碍是非常普遍的。事实上，技

58、术的发展通常超过了社会的应对能力。这在一定程度上是因为科技企业家往往他们的创新所引发的法律和社会问题。该句说明，科技企业家只注重了创新的诞生，而不关心自己所创造出的新的产物所涉及的法律和社会问题，故A项为正确选项。【干扰排除】由以上分析可知B、C、D项与原文不符，故均排除。7.In our contemporary culture,the prospect of communicating with-or even looking at-a stranger is virtually unbearable.Everyone around us seems to agree by the way

59、 they fiddle with their phones,even without a 1 underground.Its a sad reality-our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings-because theres 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you.But you wouldnt know it,3 into your phone.This universal armor sends the 4:Please dont appr

60、oach me.What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?One answer is fear,according to Jon Wortmann,executive mental coach.We fear rejection,or that our innocent social advances will be 6 ascreepy,.We fear well be 7.We fear well be disruptive.Strangers are inherently 8 to us,so we are m

61、ore likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances.To avoid this anxiety,we 10 to our phones.Phones become our security blanket,Wortmann says.They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11.”But once we rip off the ba

62、ndaid,tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up,it doesnt 12 so bad.In one 2011 experiment,behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable:Start a 13.They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14.When Dr.Epley and Ms.Schroeder asked o

63、ther people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger,the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,the New York Times summarizes.Though the participants didnt expect a positive experience,after they 17 with the experiment,not a

64、single person reported having been snubbed.18,these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication,which makes absolute sense,19 human beings thrive off of social connections.Its that 20:Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.6选？A.misinterpretB.misappliedC.misadjustedD.mismatched答案：A 本题解析：词义辨析【直击答案】本段传递的是一种担忧，句中的innocent和weird是表示相反意思的形容词，另结合句子的谓语fear可知A项符合，be misinterpreted as意思是“被误解为”。【命题思路】四个选项都是由否定前缀mis构成的否定意义的词，主要考查对动词词义的辨析。【干扰排除】C项和D项通常作为表语，用法为sth.is/are misadjusted/mismatched，不与介词as搭配。B项满足要求