考研考博-英语-山东工商学院考研模拟卷I【3套】含答案详解

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1、住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东工商学院考研模拟卷【3套】含答案详解（图片大小可任意调节）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第一卷一.单项选择题(共100题)1.People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers.Some imagine that the coming

2、 work-free world will be defined by 2.：A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their li

3、ves 5，people will simply become lazy and depressed.6，todays unemployed dont seem to be having a great time.One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans.Also，some research suggests that the 8 f

4、or rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting 9 poorly-educated，middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs.Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesnt 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled wit

5、h unease.Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment.In the 13 of work，a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure.Today，the 15 of work may be a bit overblown.“Many

6、 jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，”says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days，because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their

7、jobs.“When I come home from a hard days work，I often feel 18，”Danaher says，adding，“In a world in which I dont have to work，I might feel rather different”perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.14选？A.disturbB.restore

8、C.excludeD.yield答案：A 本题解析：语义衔接题。空格所在处为谓语动词部分，对应的宾语是circumstances“环境，境况，情境”，所填入的动词应能够与circumstances构成搭配。Disturb“打扰”不能跟circumstances连用，restore“恢复；修复”和exclude“排除；不包括”不符合文意，故均排除。因此D为正确答案。2.Recognizing when a friend or colleague feels sad,angry or surprised is key to getting along with orhers.1 a new stu

9、dy suggests that a skill for listening in on feelings may sometimes come with an extra dose of stress.This and other research 2 the prevailing view that emotional intelligence is uniformly 3 to its bearer.In a study published in the September 2016 issue of E7notion,psychologists Myriam Bechtoldt and

10、 Vanessa Schneider asked 166 male university students a series of questions to 4 their emotional smarts.5,they showed the students photographs of peoples faces ancl askecl them 6 what extent feelings such as happiness or disgust were being expressed.The students 7 had to give job talks in front of j

11、udges displaying stern facial expressions.The scientists measured concentrations of the stress hormone cortisol in the studentssaliva before and after the talk.In students who were 8 more emotionally intelligent,the stress measures increased more during the experiment and took 9 to go back to baseli

12、ne.The 10 suggest that some people may be too emotionally clever for their own good,says Hillary Anger Elfenbein,a professor of organizational behavior at Washington University in St.Louis.Sometimes you can be so good at something 11 it causes trouble,she notes.Indeed,the study adds to previous rese

13、arch hinting at a（n）12 side of emotional intelligence.A study published in 2002 in Personalr.t,y and Individual Di f ferences suggested that emotionally 13 people might be particularly 14 to feelings of depression and hopelessness.15,several studies,including one published in 2013 in PLOS ONE,have i

14、mplied that emotional intelligence can be used to manipulate others for personal 16.More research is needed to see how exactly the relation between emotional intelligence and stress woulcl 17 0ut in women anclin people 18 different ages and education levels.19,emotional intelligence is a useful skil

15、l to have,as long as you learn to also properly 20 emotions-both othersand your own.10选？A.problemsB.findingsC.investigationsD.experiments答案：B 本题解析：本题考查上下文语义。空格句意为，该表明一些人为了自身利益可能情感上过于敏锐。suggest（表明、证实）后是一个具体结论，而空格词由定冠词The限定，由此可判断组织行为学教授的话是由上文的研究结果而来13findings符合文意。C.investigations指（对犯罪、事故或科学问题等进行的证实的）调

16、查，强调“调查的动作”：D.experiments仍停留在介绍实验阶段，与本句语义不符。3.The Internet affords anonymity to its users,a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech.But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that

17、seems increasingly 3?Last month,Howard Schmidt,the nations cyber-czar,offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a“voluntary trusted identity”system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key,a fingerprint and a photo ID card,all rolled 6 one.The system might use a smart i

18、dentity card,or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer.and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems.User could 9 which system to join,and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigat

19、e those systems.The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet drivers license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these“single sign-on”systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12.the approach

20、would create a“walled garden”n cyberspace,with safe“neighborhoods”and bright“streetlights”to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr.Schmidt described it as a“voluntary ecosystem”in which“individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14,trusting the identities of each other and

21、the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”.Still,the administrations plan has 16 privacy rights activists.Some applaud the approach;others are concerned.It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet“drives license”menta

22、lity.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts,who worry that the“voluntary ecosystem”envisioned by Mr.Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19.They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves,in the same way that drivers mus

23、t be licensed to drive on public roads.17选？A.frequentlyB.incidentallyC.occasionallyD.eventually答案：D 本题解析：词义辨析【直击答案】本空格所在句是It seems clear that such a scheme isan initiative push toward what would_17 be a compulsory Internet“drivers license”mentality.本句含义为：似乎很清楚，这样的一个计划有力推动了强制性网络“驾照”思维模式。解答本题compulsor

24、y一词是重点，意为“被强制的”，联系文章信息即可推断出，为了维护网络安全保障隐私，网络“驾照”最终会强制要求用户拥有。故本题答案为D项eventually“最终地”。【命题思路】该题考查副词的使用。【干扰排除】根据解析可知，此处表达一种最终如何的结果，其他选项不具备此意，故排除。4.Text 3 The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution,but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic dow

25、nturns and fragile recoveries.And yet,it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painful side of a boom and bust cycle.Certain jobs have gone away for good,outmoded by machines.Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs,this phenomenon will

26、 continue to restructure our economy in ways we cant immediately foresee.When there is rapid improvement in the price and performance of technology,jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened.This argument has attracted a lot of attention,via the success of th

27、e book Race Against the Machine,by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee,who both hail from MITs Center for Digital Business.This is a powerful argument,and a scary one.And yet,John Hagel,author of The Power of Pull and other books,says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason why these jobs are so vul

28、nerable to technology in the first place.Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S.that tend to be“tightly scripted”and“highly standardized”ones that leave no room for“individual initiative or creativity.”In short,these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human bein

29、gs.That is how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers,Hagel says.Its time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted,since we are still relying ona very 20th century notion of work,Hagel says.In our rapidly changing economy,we more than ever need people in the workpl

30、ace who can take initiative and exercise their imagination“to respond to unexpected events.”Thats not something machines are good at.They are designed to perform very predictable activities.As Hagel notes,Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book.We need to reframe race agai

31、nst the machine as race with the machine.In other words,we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it.So then the problem is not really about technology,but rather,“how do we innovate our institutions and our work practices?”Hagel argues that jobs in th

32、e U.S.are often_A.performed by innovative mindsB.scripted with an individual styleC.standardized without a clear targetD.designed against human creativity答案：D 本题解析：细节题【命题思路】这是一道人物观点细节题，重点考查考生对长难句的理解。【直击答案】根据题干中的关键词“Hagel”以及“jobs in the US.”可以回文定位到第四段第一句话。该句表达了Hagel对美国岗位设计（designed jobs in the US.）的观

33、点。选项D的内容符合其观点。其中，“against”是原文“leave no room”的同义替换，且“human creativity”是原文“individual initiative or creativity”的同义替换。【干扰排除】选项A与原文表述相反。选项B属于无中生有，是将文中所含scripted和individual两词的错误搭配。选项C中的“without a clear target”与原文语义相反。该段最后一句指出“我们给美国工人贴上了巨大的目标标签”，即美国的工作岗位有着明确的目标（照本宣科）。5.Text 2 An article in Scientific Amer

34、ica has pointed out that empirical research says that,actually,you think youre more beautiful than you are.We have a deepseated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of selfenhancing strategies to research into what they call the“above average effect”,or“illusory superio

35、rity”,and shown that,for example,70%of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership,93%in driving and 85%at getting on well with othersall obviously statistical impossibilities.We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into selfaffirming situations.We become defensive when criticized,and apply

36、 negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem,we stalk around thinking were hot stuff.Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying into selfenhancement and attractiveness.Rather that have people simply rate their beauty compress with others,he asked them to i

37、dentify an original photograph of themselvesfrom a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive.Visual recognition,reads the study,is“an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation”.If the s

38、ubjects quickly chose a falsely flattering imagewhich must didthey genuinely believed it was really how they looked.Epley found no significant gender difference in responses.Nor was there any evidence that,those who selfenhance the must（that is,the participants who thought the most positively doctor

39、ed picture were real）were doing so to make up for profound insecurities.In fact those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higher selfesteem.“I dont think the findings that we having have are any

40、evidence of personal delusion”,says Epley.“Its a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves.If you are depressed,you wont be selfenhancing.Knowing the results of Epleys study,it makes sense that why people heat photographs of themselves viscerallyon one level,they dont even re

41、cognize the person in the picture as themselves.Facebook therefore,is a selfenhancers paradise,where people can share only the most flattering photos,the cream of their wit,style,beauty,intellect and lifestyles.“Its not that peoples profiles are dishonest”,says Catalina Toma of WisconMadison univers

42、ity,”but they portray an idealized version of themselves.According to the first paragraph,social psychologists have found that_A.our selfratings are unrealistically highB.illusory superiority is a baseless effectC.our need for leadership is unnaturalD.selfenhancing strategies are ineffective答案：A 本题解

43、析：推理题【命题思路】这是一道封闭式推理题。考生要明确判断出研究结果，也就是论点。【直击答案】根据题干定位到第一段。该段第一句提到，实证研究表明人们总是认为自己比自己的实际面貌更漂亮，即人们对自己的评价过高。此外，最后一句提到所有的这些数据都不可能实现，其中“impossibilities”对应A项中“unrealistically high”，因此正确答案为A项。【干扰排除】第一段第二句提到了“illusory superiority”这一概念，但在第二句中表明这种自我感觉良好（illusory superiority）是源于人们的心理需求，而非毫无根据（baseless），B项与原文相反。

44、领导能力（leadership）方面的评价作为一个论据出现在该句，而题干考查的是论点，因此排除C项。该句还提到我们使用了一些“selfenhancing strategies”来做研究，并得到了结果，这说明自我提高策略是有效的，而并非D项所描述的“ineffective”（无效的），故排除。6.Text 1 Smartphones have by now been implicated in so many crummy outcomes-car fatalities,sleep disturbances,empathy loss,relationship problems,failure t

45、o notice a clown on a unicycle-that it almost seems easier to list the things they dont mess up than the things they do.Our society may be reaching peak criticism of digital devices.Even so.emerging research suggests that a kev Droblem remains underaDDreciated.It involves kidsdevelopment,but its pro

46、bably not what you think.More than screen-obsessed young children,we should be concerned about tuned-out parents.Yes,parents now have more face time with their children than did almost any parents in history.Despite a dramatic increase in the percentage of women in the workforce,mothers today astoun

47、dingly spend morc time caring for their children than mothers did in the 1960s.But the engagement between parent and child is increasingly Iow-quality,even ersatz.Parents are constantly present in their childrens lives physically,but they are less emotionally attuned.To be clear,Im not unsympathetic

48、 to parents in this predicament.My own adult children like to joke that they wouldnt have survived infancy ifld had a smartphone in my clutches 25 years ago.To argue that parentsuse of screens is an underappreciated problem isnt to discount the direct risks screens pose to children:Substantial evide

49、nce suggests that many types of screen time（especially those involving fast-paced or violent imagery）are damaging to young brains.Todays preschoolers spend more than four hours a day facing a screen.And,since 1970,the average age of onset ofregularscreen use has gone from 4 years to just four months

50、.Some of the newer interactive games kids play on phones or tablets may be more benign than watching TV or YouTube,in that they better mimic childrens natural play behaviors.And,of course,many well-functioning adults survived a mind-numbing childhood spent watching a lot of cognitive garbage.（My mot

51、her-unusually for her time-prohibited Speed Racer and Gilligans Island on the grounds of insipidness.That I somehow managed to watch every single episode of each show scores of times has never been explained.）Still,no one really disputes the tremendous opportunity costs to young children who are plu

52、gged in to a screen:Time spent on devices is time not spent actively exploring the world and relating to other human beings.According to Paragraph 4,we can learn that risks of use of screen_A.should be viewed correctlyB.need more credible evidenceC.are higher among parentsD.are overestimated among c

53、hildren答案：A 本题解析：推理判断题。根据定位词定位到文章第四段，原文提到，父母使用电子设备的影响未引起重视的这种想法，并不是要低估电子设备对孩子们的直接危害，可知电子设备对父母及孩子的影响应该同样得到正视，故A项为正确选项。【干扰排除】原文并没有说证据不足，B项与原文不符，故排除；C、D项原文未提及，属于无中生有，故均排除。7.Text 3 Even before economist Howard Davies thinking where to put extra airport capacity in Britain,rejecting the idea of building

54、a big new hub in the Thames Estuary,the backlash had begun.Boris Johnson,the mayor of London and an enthusiastic supporter of the Thames plan,spluttered in advance,then branded the decisionshortsighted.NIMBYs opposing the expansion of Heathrow and Catwick groaned,knowing that the remaining options a

55、ll involve building or extending ninways at one of those airports.Sir Howards final recommendation is sure to run into heavy rire.To make mat-ters worse,he and his team must hazard a guess about the future of air travel,Heathrow and Gatwick are both full,or close to it,and want to expand.But the two

56、 airports presently serve quite different parts of the market.Some 37%of passengers at Heathrow transfer between flights.Nearly a third of its customers are on business.By contrast,only 13%of Gatwicks cusiomers are business travellers.Most are going on holiday.Just 7%transfer there-a proportion that

57、 has fallen by half over the past decade.Heathrows shiny new Terminal 2,which opened in June,is full of expensive shops and restaurants run by Michelin-starred cooks lo entice rich passengers.At CaLwick,recenL improvements reflect its popularity with holiday goers:a wider lane at security gate has b

58、een set aside for families,while an area in ihe southern terminal is now reserved for elderly passengers,with comfortable seats and a small duty-free shop.The airportsmanagers also hold entirely different views about the way the airline industry will develop,and its place in the broader economy.Much

59、 of the argument for expanding Heathrow rests on the idea that hub airporls are,and will remain,vital.Without further expansion,boosters argue,fewer flights to distant places such as Wuhan and Xiamen will be available to businessmen.If the capaciiy plight persists,domestic flights are more likely to

60、 be delayed or canceUed.European airports will pick up those passengers inslead.Thats our CDP leaking out,says Jon Proudlove,Lhe general manager of air-traffic control at Heathrow.Not surpnsingly,Calwick takes a different view.Over the past ten years the growth of low-cost airlines has been explosiv

61、e.poinls out Sir Roy McNulty,chairman of the Gatwick group.People are travelling in different ways,with moreself-connectingto keep costs down.AIthough connections with emerging markets are important.Europe and North America will remain Bricains largesl trading partners,he argues.London will be a des

62、linalion in its own right.it can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_A.Michelin restaurants are popular around the worldB.Heathrws Terminal 2 aims at high-end customersC.Gatwick airport is designed to attract all passengersD.both Heathrow and Gatwick cater to public demand答案：B 本题解析：推理题。定位到第三段。选项AMiche

63、lin restaurants are popular around the world“米其林餐厅在全世界大受欢迎”：文章提到米其林星级厨师，并没有提到米其林餐厅受欢迎，该项无法从原文推断出来，故不选。选项BHeathrows Terminal 2 aims at high-endcustomers“希思罗机场2号航站楼瞄准高端客户”；本段首句提到：Heathrows shiny new Terminal 2.which opened in June,isfull of expensive shops and restauranLs run by Michelin starred cooks

64、 to entice rich passengers.其中entice nch passengers“吸引富有乘客”=aims at high-end customers“瞄准高端客户”；故该项正确。选项CGatwick airport is designed to attract all passengers“盖特威克机场旨在吸引所有乘客”；首先all-词过于绝对；其次，原文提到盖特威克机场受度假者的欢迎，并没有提到“all passengers”，故该项错误。选项Dboth Heathrow and Gatwick cater to public demand”希思罗机场和盖特威克机场都能够迎合大众需求”：该段首句提到希思罗机场2号航站楼旨在吸引有钱的乘客，并没有迎合大众需求，故该项表述错误。综上，本题答案为B。8.Text3 Mention price cartels and many people will think of big,overt ones like the one OPEC runs for oil and the now-extinct one for diamonds.But at least as damaging are the many secret c