考研考博-英语-闽江学院考研模拟卷I【3套】含答案详解

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1、住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-闽江学院考研模拟卷【3套】含答案详解（图片大小可任意调节）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第一卷一.单项选择题(共100题)1.Text 4 In recent weeks media outlets in the U.S.have been fretting over what would ordinarily be considered good news-the roaring American economy,which has brought low unemployment and,in some places,a labour

2、shortage.Owners and managers have complained about their problems in finding people to fill low-wage positions.Nobody wants to do manual labour any more:as one trade association grandee told The Baltimore Sun,and so the manual labour simply goes undone.Company bosses talk about the things they have

3、done to fix the situation:the ads theyve published;the guest-worker visas for which theyve applied;how they are going into schools to encourage kids to learn construction skills or to drive trucks.But nothing seems to work.Blame for the labour shortage is sprayed all over the US map:opioids are said

4、 to be the problem.And welfare,and inadequate parking spaces,and a fallinp:birthrate.and mass incarceration.and-above all-the Trump administrations immigration policies.But no one really knows for sure.The textbook solution to the labour shortage problem-paying workers more-rarely merits more than a

5、 line or two,if its mentioned at all.So unwilling are business leaders to talk about or consider this obvious answer that Neel Kashkari,the president of the Minneapolis Federal Reserve Bank,scolded them last year:If youre not raising wages,then it just sounds like whining.If you study the Bureau of

6、Labor Statisticsnumbers on wages for nonsupervisory workers over the past few decades,you will notice that wage growth has been strangely slow to pick up.Hot economies usually drive wages up pretty promptly;this recovery has been running since 2009 and it has barely moved the needle.How could such a

7、 thing happen in this modern and enlightened age?Well,for starters,think of all that whining were hearing from the USs management,who will apparently blame anyone and do anything to avoid paying workers more.Every labour-management innovation seems to have been designed with this amazing goal in min

8、d.Every great bipartisan political initiative,from free trade to welfare reform,points the same way.The authors attitude toward the U.S.s management isA.dissatisfiedB.resentfulC.unclearD.cautious答案：A 本题解析：态度方向题。根据定位词定位到文章最后一段。该段指出，首先，想想我们从美国管理层那里听到的所有抱怨吧，他们显然会把问题归告于别人，并竭尽所能地避免给工人更多的报酬。每一次的劳资管理革新似乎都是

9、带着这样一个惊人的目的而设计的。由此可知，作者是表示不满的，故A项为正确选项。【干扰排除】由以上分析可知，B项“愤怒的”、C项“不明的”和D项“谨慎的”均不能正确表达出作者的态度观点，故均排除。2.Shortly after The Economist went to press,about 25,000 people were expected to tum up at the London An Fair.Your correspondent visited just before,as 128 white booths were being filled with modern pain

10、tings and sculptures.Dealers clutched mobile phones to their ears or gathered in small groups.They seemed nervous-as well ihey mighl be.I can eam a years living in one fair,said one harried dealer while slringing up a set of lights.Before 1999 London had just one regular contemporary art fair,rememb

11、ers Will Ramsay,boss of the expanding Affordable Art Fair.This year around 20 will be held in Britain,mostly in the cap-ital.Roughly 90 will iake place worldwide.The success of larger events such as Fneze,which star ted in London,has stimulated the growth of smaller fairs specialising in craft work,

12、ceramics and other things.Artl4,which started last year,specialises in less weU-known intemational galleries,showing art from Sub-Sahuan Africa,South Korea and Hong Kong.One explanation for the boom is the overall gromth of the modem-art market.Four-rifths of all art sold at auction worldwide last y

13、ear was from the 20th or 21st century,according to Artprice,a database.In November an auction in New York of modern and contemporary art made$691m,easily breaking the previous record.As older art becomes harder to buy-much of it is locked up in museums-demand for recent works js rising.Londons art m

14、arket in particular has been boosted by an influx of rich immigrants from Russia,China and the Middle East.When I sttuled 23 years ago I had not a single non-Westem foreign buyer,says Kenny Schachter,an art dealer.Its a different world now.And Londons new rich buy art differenLly.They often spend li

15、ttle time in the capital and do not know it well.Traipsing around individual galleries is inconvenient,particularly as galleries have moved out of central London.The mall-like set-up of a fair is much more suiLable.Commercial galleries used to rely on regular visits from rich Briions seeking to fumi

16、sh their stately homes.Many were family friends.The new art buyers have no such loyalty.People now visit galleries mainly to go to evenLs and to be seen,says Alan Cristea,a gallery owner on Cork street in Mayfair.Fairs,and the parties thaL spring up around them,are much better places to be spotted.S

17、ome galleries are feeling squeezed.Bernard Jacobson runs a gallery opposite Mr Cristea.The changing art market reminds him of his father,a chemist,who was eclipsed by a pharmaceutical chain,in the 1960s.Seven galleries in Cork Street relocated this month to make way for a redevel-opment;five more ma

18、y follow later this year.Yet the rise of the fairs means galleries no longer require prime real estate,thinks Sarah Monk of the London Art Fair.With an inlernational clientele,many can work online or from home.Although some art fairs still require their exhibitors to have a gallery space,increasingl

19、y these are small places outside central London or beyond Lhe city altogether.One gallery owner says few rich customers ever visit his shop in south London.He makes all his contacts at the booths he sets up at fairs,which might be twice the size of his store.Its a little like fishing,he explains.You

20、 move to where the pike is.Kenny Schachter says thatA.gallery owners can make deals on the InternetB.many art buyers are trom non-westerm countries nowC.the change of art markel has exerted pressure on himD.dealers can make a great deal of money at the art fairE.many people visiting galleries are no

21、t potential customersF.rich Britons regularly pay a visit to the commercial galleriesG.very few art exhibitions were held al the end of the 20th century答案：B 本题解析：根据Kenny Schachter定位到第四段第二、三行：“When I started 23 years ago I had not a single non-Westem foreign buyer，”says Kenny Schachter,an art dealer.

22、“Its a different world now.”而该段首句还提到：Londons art market in particular has been boosted byan influx of rich immigrants from Russ18China and the Middle East.综合这几个句子可以得出结论：如今许多艺术品购买者来自非西方国家。故选项B为正确答案。3.Students ofmanagement theory have long l what constitutes the worst kind of book-the CEO autobiograph

23、y or the management tome that promises to 2 the secrets ofbusiness 3 0ne syllable.But inManagement in 10 WordsSir Terry Leahy,a former boss of Tesco,has performed a remarkable act of alchemy:combining two dismal forms to.4 an excellent book-a veritable management page-turner that has interesting thi

24、ngs to say about everything from the evolution of British society to the art of 5 huge organisations.Sir Terry is an example of a type of Briton that is becoming increasingly 6:a working-class boy made 7 by dint of quick wits and hard work.A scholarship to a local public school and a taste for the g

25、rocery business 8 him with a ladder up:he started his career stacking shelves at Tesco and ended 9 as CEO for 14 years.When Sir Terry was 10 to the top job,Tesco was struggling in third place in Britains supermarket hierarchy behind Sainsburys and Marks&Spencer.Rumour had it that a tobacco company h

26、ad toyed with buying the supermarket but 11 the idea believing it would be bad for the brand.Today Tesco is Britains largest private employer and the third-largest supermarket in the world,12 in 14 countries and offering banking and insurance 13 fruit and vegetables.Sir Terry argues that the secret

27、has been 14 innovation.Tesco introduced loyalty cards in order to 15 information on its customers and encourage them to keep coming back.And the trove of customer information provided by the loyalty card eased Tescos entry_16 banking and e-commerce.17,Sir Terry readily 18 that there is no science to

28、 management:he got the 19 for one of Tescos most successful innovations-small stores in town centres-from visiting a wholesaler and 20 how much business it was doing selling to small shops.1选？A.debatedB.quarrelledC.discussedD.argued答案：A 本题解析：动词辨析题。本句想表达的意思是：管理理论学界的学者们对于使得管理类的书籍变得如此糟糕的原因进行了长期的。A项deba

29、ted“讨论，辩论”，多指公开正式场合进行的辩论或严肃的争论，双方各自陈述理由，“交锋往返”的意味较强，更符合文章的表达，故A项为正确选项。【干扰排除】B项quarrelled“争吵，吵嘴”，含与人发生口角的意思，不符合文意，故排除；c项discussed“讨论，商量”，指为了达成一个决定、解决问题或弄清对方的观点而进行的讨论、磋商，不符合文意，故排除；D项argue“争论，争吵”，不符合文意，故排除。4.“Universal history,the history of what man has accomplished in this world,is at bottom the Hist

30、ory of the Great Men who have worked here,”wrote the Victorian Thomas Carlyle.Well,not any more it is not.Suddenly,Britain looks to have fallen out with its favorite historical form.This could be no more than a passing literary craze,but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach th

31、e past:less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain.Today,we want empathy,not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance,the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men.In 1337,Petrarch began work on his rambling writing

32、De Viris IllustribusOn Famous Men,highlighting the virtus（or virtue）of classical heroes.Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top.This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head.InThe Prince,he championed cunning,ruthlessness,and

33、 boldness,rather than virtue,mercy and justice,as the skills of successful leaders.Over time,the attributes of greatness shifted.The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day,stressing the uniqueness of the artists personal experience rather than public glory.By contrast,t

34、he Victorian author Samuel Smiles wrote Self-Helpas a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers,industrialists and explorers.“The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help,of patient purpose,resolute working and steadfast integrity,issuing in the formation of truly noble and ma

35、nly character,exhibit,”wrote Smiles,“what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself.”His biographies of James Watt,Richard Arkwright and Josian Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle,who focused

36、his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther,Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte.These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate,but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.Not everyone was convinced by such bombast.“The history of all hitherto ex

37、isting society is the history of class struggles,”wrote Marx and Engels in The Communist Manifesto.For them,history did nothing,it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles:“It is man,real,living man who does all that.”And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle,As

38、 such,it needed to appreciate the economic realities,the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood.For:“Men make their own history,but they do not make it just as they please;they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves,but under circumstances directly found,given

39、 and transmitted from the past.”This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past.In place of Thomas Carlyle,Britain nurtured Christopher Hill,EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm.History from below stood alongside biographies of great men.Whole new realms of understandingfrom gender

40、 to race to cultural studieswere opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies.And it transformed public history too:downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.Thomas Carlyle_A.emphasized the virtue of classical heroesB.highlighted the public glory of the leadingC.focused

41、on epochal figures whose lives wereD.opened up new realms of understanding theE.held that history sh答案：C 本题解析：特征词比对通过题干关键词Thomas Carlyle可定位至第五段。第一句是托马斯卡莱尔对他观点和他的书的简略描述，通过“This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle”判断出托马斯卡莱尔的观点和塞缪尔斯迈尔斯的观点是不同的。另外，通过修饰Thomas Carlyle的定语从句“who focused his biographie

42、s on the truly heroic lives of”看出Thomas Carlyle研究的是真正英雄的生活。第二句对他的观点进一步描述“These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate,but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals”，指出英雄人物是难以被仿效的。比对选项后发现C项“focused on epochal figures whose lives were hard to imitate.”与原文一致，综合了第一句中

43、的“focused”和第二句中的“epochal figures”以及“lives hard to intimate”，因此是正确答案。5.Text l Cycling in London is less pleasant than in many European cities.Main roads teem with lorries;winding back streets are hard Lo navigate.The number of bicycle journeys has nonetheless doubled since 2000.Nationally,just 2qo pe

44、dal to work.In Hackney,in Londons East End,fully 9%do.But only 2%of women cycle to work in London,compared with 5%of men.Blacks and other ethnic minorities are reluctant to do it,too.Bori6 Johnson,Londons mayor,oversaw the introduction of a bike-hiring scheme,which was started by his predecessor but

45、 quickly became known as theBoris bike.He pushed for bright blue cycle paths on some busy roads.But the new cycle highways are far more ambitious and permanent.One will run east-west through the City and the West End.Another will run two miles from Elephant and Castle in the south to Farringdon in n

46、orth London.Four existinE;routes will also be improved,while around 30 0f the citys busiest junctions wiU be made a bit less dangerous.The new superhighways ought io be much safer than Londons existing cycle lanes.A raised pavement will keep cyclists away from cars and lorries.Junctions will be rede

47、signed and some parking bays-including a rew for the disabled-will be removed.Cars will be prevented from turning down certain streets.Similar schemes exist elsewhere:since 2007 around 30 miles of protected cycle lanes have been created in New York.In Amsterdam,where lanes have existed for decades,o

48、ld people and women are far more inclined to cycle.Greens have long lobbied for cycle paths on the grounds that movin8 people out of cars cuts air poUution.A series of highly publicised accidents,including one involving a newspaper journalist,and several deaths in the city have also put pressure on

49、the mayor to make London safer.And the social transformation of the capital has encouraged officials to smile on cyclists.The population of inner London is rebounding as affluenL folk move in.The new inhabitants want cleaner streets and fewer cars,which are viewed as suburban.Cycling was once a mean

50、s of transport for the poor.But it has become an imporlant marker of an affluent world city,argues Isabel Dedring,the deputy mayor for transport.Theres more pressure on cities to be nice places to live,she says.The Green Partys aLtitude towards cycling isA.optimisticB.impartialC.criticalD.favorable答

51、案：D 本题解析：态度题。根据Green Party定位到第四段首句Greens，该词指的就是Green Party“绿党”。该句的cycle paths“自行车道”指题干的cycling，故确定该句为本题答案句：Greens have long lobbied for cycle paths on Lhe grounds that moving people out of cars cuLs air pollution.”绿党基于人们不开汽车可以减少空气污染的观点，很早就在游说要建设自行车道。”其中，lobbied for cycle paths可以说明绿党的态度，该党派为建设自行车道而lo

52、bby“游说”，可见该党派支持骑自行车。选项AopLirrustic“乐观的”；Bimpartial“不偏不倚的”；Ccntical“批判的”；Dfavorable“支持的”。显然D为正确答案。6.Google is not a conventional company.We do not I to become one,wrote Larry Page and Sergey Brin,the search firms founders,in a letter to investors ahead ofits stockmarket flotation in 2004.Since then,G

53、oogle has bumished its reputation 2 0ne ofthe quirkiest companies on the planet.This year alone it has 3 eyebrows by taking a stake in a wind-energy project off the east coast ofAmerica and by testing self-driving cars,which have already_4 0ver 140,000 miles（225,OOOkm）on the countrys roads.Google ha

54、s been able to 5 such flights of fancy 6 its amazingly successful online-search business.This has 7 handsome returns for the firms investors,who have seen the company 8 itselfin the space ofa mere 12 years from a tiny start-up into a behemoth with a$180 billion market capitalisation that sprawls 9 a

55、 vast headquarters in Silicon Valley known as the Googleplex.Google 10 stretches across the web like a giant spider,with a leg in everything from online search and e-mail to social networking and web-based software applications,or apps.All this has turned Google into a force to be reckoned with.11 n

56、ow the champion of the unorthodox is faced with two conventional business challenges.The first 12 placating regulators,who fret that it may be abusing its considerable 13.On November 30th the European Union 14 a formal investigation into claims that Google has been 15 search results to give an unfai

57、r advantage to its own services-a charge the firm vigorously 16.The other challenge facing Google is how to find new sources of growth.17 all the experiments it has launched,the firm is still heavily dependent on search-related advertising.Ironically,investorsbiggest worry is that Google will end 18

58、 like Microsoft,which has 19 to find big new sources of 20 and profit to replace those from its two ageing ponies,the Windows operating system and the Omce suite of business software.That explains why Googles share price has stagnated.10选？A.eitherB.alsoC.as wellD.too答案：B 本题解析：副词辨析题。原文是说，谷歌像一只巨型蜘蛛一样延

59、伸至整个网络，从无所不及。either、also、as well、too作“也”讲，为副词。also、as well、too都用于肯定句，表示前者怎样后者也怎样。also大多放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前；as well-般放在句尾；too一般放在句尾，可用逗号和前面的句子隔开，也可不用。根据它们的位置并结合句意，只能选择also，故B项为正确选项。【干扰排除】综合以上分析，A、C、D项均可排除。7.Five ways to make conversation with anyone Conversations are links,which means when you h

60、ave a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day:the grocery worker,the cab driver,new people at work or the security guard at the door.Simply starting a conversation with them will form a

61、 link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.41._Suppose you are in a room with someone you dont know and something within you says“I want to talk with this person”this is something the mostly happens with all of us.You wanted to say someth

62、ingthe first wordbut it just wont come out.It feels like it is stuck somewhere,I know the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.Just think:that is the worst that could happen?They wont talk with you?Well,they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out

63、everything else will just flow.So keep it simple:“Hi”,“Hey”or“Hello”do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can,put on a big smile and say“Hi”。42._Its a problem all of us face:you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk m

64、emorable.Honestly,if we got stuck in the rut of“hi”,“hello”,“how are you?”and“whats going on?”you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation thats can make it so memorable.So dont be afraid to ask more personal questions.Trust me,youll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43._When you meet a person for the first time,make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point.When you start conversation from there and then move outwards,you