考研考博-英语-山东中医药大学考研模拟卷I【3套】含答案详解

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1、住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东中医药大学考研模拟卷【3套】含答案详解（图片大小可任意调节）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第一卷一.单项选择题(共100题)1.Any sufficiently advanced technology,noLed Arthur C.Clarke,a British science-fiction writer,is indistinguishable from magic.The fast-emerging technology of voice computing proves his 1.Using it is just like

2、casting a spell:say a few words inLo the air,and a nearby device can 2 your wish.The Amazon Echo,a voice-driven cylindrical computer that sits on a table top and answers to the name Alexa,can 3 music tracks and radio stations,tell jokes,answer trivia questions and control smart 4;even before Christm

3、as it was already resident in about 4qo of American house holds.Voice assistants are 5 in smartphones,too:Apples Siri 6 0ver2 billion commands a week,and 20%of Google 7 0n Android powered handsets in America are input by voice.Dictating e-mails and text messages now works 8 enough to be useful.Why t

4、ype when you can talk?This is a huge shift.Simple 9 it may seem,voice has the power to transform computing,by providing a natural means of interaction.Windows,icons and menus,and then touchscreens,were welcomed as more 10 ways to deal with computers than entering complex keyboard 11.But being able t

5、o talk to computers.12 the need for the abstraction of auser interfaceat aLI.13 mobile phones were more than exisLing phones without wires,and cars were more than carriages without horses,so computers without screens and keyboards have the 14 to be more useful and powerful than people can imagine to

6、day.Voice will not wholly 15 other forms of input and output.SomeLimes it will remain more 16 to converse with a machine by Lyping rather than talking.But voice is destined to 17 a growing share of peoples interactions with the technology around them,from washing machines that tell you how much of t

7、he cycle they have left to virtual assisLants in corporate call-centres.18,to reach its full potential,the technology requires 19.breakthroughs-and a resolution of the 20 questions it raises around the trade-off between convenience and privacy.16选？A.complicatedB.conventionalC.consistentD.convenient答

8、案：D 本题解析：形容词辨析题。Acomplicated复杂的；Bconventional传统的；Cconsistent一致的；Dconvenient方便的。上句提到“语音不会完全取代其他形式的输人和输出”。紧接着，本句肯定要说其他输入形式（文中指typing“打字”）的优点，该句指出“和机器交流，有时打字仍然会比说话更_”。显然，该句应该填入优点，即正向词汇。四个选项中，A偏负面；BC偏向中性；只有D偏向正向肯定，故D为正确答案。2.Text 4 The EUs faltering progress towards a common system of taxing the huge rev

9、enues of the new digital giants lurched forward this morning as Margrethe Vestager,the EU commissioner in charge of competition,declared that Amazon had received unfair state aid from Luxembourg through its tax arrangements,and demanded that it pay250m in back taxes.At the same time,Ms Vestager anno

10、unced that the European commission would haul Ireland up before the European court of justice for its failure to demand13bn of unpaid tax from Apple,identiied in an earlier investigation.The lwo events illusrrate the gulf between the commission,together with some of the EUs iargest economies,and sma

11、ller members such as Ireland and Luxembourg.Both Ireland and Luxembourg defend their tax arrangements.Ireland in particular welcomes the thousands of goocl jobs that the tech giants bring and has no desire to find ways of extracting more tax from thcm in case it drives them away.The Irish government

12、 also insists that taxation is a sovereign matter,not an arena for EU interference.（ ）thers are under pressure from voters who are outraged that any company can make so much profit in their country and pay so little tax on it.Revenue from Facebooks UK operations,it has emerged,nearly quadrupled last

13、 year t0 842m,through growth in digital ad sales;its corporation tax bill crept up from 4.2m t0 5.Im.The US inland revenue service is also keen to find transparent ways of taxing the new digital economy,and is watching jealously as the European commission draws up its plans,suspicious of any move th

14、at might be used by the tech giants to offset their US tax bills.Already,companies such as Google and Amazon hold billions of dollars in offshore funds,where ihey are out of reach of the taxman.The US defensiveness about its own tax revenues points to the need for a global rather than a merely Europ

15、ean solution to the question of how,what and whcre to tax the digital economy,but progress through the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development（OECD）is glacial,and would in any event only be advisory.The commission is still hoping to get agreement on a common corporate tax base that wo

16、uld help to identify the parameters of any new tax system,but progress has stalled because of complexities around double taxation.Meanwhile the American Chamber of Commerce in Europe（ACCE）is warning that any attempt to tax the tech giants more would threaten investment and expansion.But across most

17、of the EU discontent is growing,not just over the failure to pay tax-which has already prompted some tech companies to become more transparent,and even pay more-but over many of their practices.The chief executive of the ride-hailing app Uber has been in London this week trying to patch up relations

18、 with Transport for London（TfL）.Margrethe Vestager is right:enforcing regulations works.Ireland disagrees with European commissions digital tax reform in that_A.it would reduce its employment opportunitiesB.it fails to respect the will of Irish votersC.it may widen the gap between rich and poor coun

19、triesD.it threatens the sovereignty of weaker countries答案：A 本题解析：信息锁定第二段句指出，爱尔兰尤其欢迎科技公司为其国内创造的无数工作岗位，无意（配合欧盟税改）考虑多征税，以免公司撤离本土。由此可知，税改会降低就业率，A.正确。解题技巧B.是由第三段“爱尔兰、卢森堡以外欧盟成员国对于税改的态度”扭曲而成。C.从第二段句中largest economiesand smaller members.及其态度分歧主观臆断出税改将加大两类国家贫富差异。D.源于第二段末句taxatlon is a sovereign matter此处强调税改的

20、属性：属于家务事，故欧盟不应插足，而非选项传达的”威胁国家主权，所以反对”这一逻辑，其次还将范围缩小至“弱国”。3.Many experts believe that in the new world of artificial intelligence（AI）human beings will still be needed to do the jobs that require higher-order critical,creative,and innovative thinking and the jobs that require high emotional engagement

21、to meet the needs of other human beings.The 1 for many of us is that we do not excel at those skills because of our natural cognitive and emotional tendencies:We are confirmation-seeking thinkers and ego-affirmation-seeking defensive reasoners.We will need to overcome those tendencies 2 take our thi

22、nking,listening,relating,and collaborating skills to a much higher level.This process of_3 begins with changing our definition of what it means tobe smart.4.many of us have achieved success 5 beingsmarterthan other people as 6 by grades and test scores,beginning in our early days in school.AI will c

23、hange that because there is no 7 any human being can outsmart,8.,lBMs Watson,at least without augmentation.Smart machines can process,9,and recall information faster and better than we humans.10,AI can pattern-match faster and produce a wider array of alternatives than we can.AI can even learn fasre

24、r.In an age of smart machines,our old definition of what makes a person smart doesnt 11.What is needed is a new definition of being smart,one that 12 higher levels of human thinking and emotional engagement.The new smart will be determined not by what or how you know 13 by the quality of your thinki

25、ng,listening,relating,collaborating,and learning.Quantity is 14 by quality.We will spend more time training to be open-minded and learning to update our beliefs in 15 to new data.We will practice 16 after our mistakes,and we will invest more in the skills traditionally 17 with emotional intelligence

26、.The new smart will be about trying to overcome the two big 18 0f critical thinking and team collaboration:our ego and our fears.Doing so will make it easier to perceive reality as it is,rather than as we 19 it to be.In short,we will embrace humility.That is 20 we humans will add value in a world of

27、 smart technology,10选?A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.AdditionallyD.Ultimately答案：C 本题解析：本题考查上下文语义逻辑。空格句“人工智能能比我们更快地进行模式匹配，产生更广泛的替代选择”承上继续说明人工智能的优势，故两句间为同向并列关系，互为补充C.Additionally正确。4.When George Osbome,Chancellor of the Exchequer,is spotted outside Westminster,he is very often making an appearance on a buildin

28、g site,wearing a fluorescent safety jacket.It was no surprise to hear him claim once again,in his budget speech on March 19th,thatWere getting Britain building.Sadly,given the huge exlenl of Britains housing shortage,the chancellors proposed interventions do not add up to much.The biggest announceme

29、nt was that the government will extend Help to Buy,a scheme that guarantees mortgages for people purchasing newly built homes.Mr Osbome also hopes to build a new town at Ebbsfleet,a patch of post-industrial land in the Thames estuary,and promises to speed up the redevelopment of several rotting 1960

30、s and 1970s social housing estates in London.By making it easier for house builders to shift their stock,Help to Buy has probably helped boost building slightly,especially in northern cities where construction had all but ceased.Extending the programme will boost Britains housing stock by 120,000 by

31、 2020,the Treasury cltums,though it will also expose taxpayers to any future house-price crash.Mr Osborne also announced a new fund to support lending io smaU house builders-who have sLruggled to get financing in recent years which ought to have a similar effect.The new town is more advencurous.Ebbs

32、fleei.where a high-speed rail link to London opened in 2007,has had plans for new homes for almost 20 years.Few have been built,mosdy because the site is a partially flooded quarry with little in the way of shops.public transport or infrastructure.The governments new idea is to create a development

33、corporation with control over planning and the ability to borrow to clean up and prepare the site.That was how post-war new towns such as Milton Keynes and Stevenage were built.A sinular interventionism is visible in the plan to rebuild 1960s estates.Many of these,such as the Aylesbury Estate in Sou

34、Lhwark and Robin Hood Gardens in Tower Hamlets,are crummbling.By increasing the density on the sites,and using the proceeds of selling the extra houses built,it ought to be possible to cover the cost of reconstniclion.Bui counciLs have been short of money to do much themselves,and private developers

35、 extract high retums in exchange for putting up capital.With central-govemment money,those projects ought to move quicker and councils ought to get more for their land.In retum for investing in estate reconstruction,private developers need_A.ample rewardB.new projectsC.quick returnD.more power答案：A 本

36、题解析：细节题。根据题干关键词private developers定位到最后一段倒数第二行：private developers extract high returns in exchange for putting up capital.其中题干in return for“作为回报”=in exchange for“作为回报交换”；investing“投资”=putting up capital“提供资金，投资”；private developers need“私营开发商需要”=private developers extract“私营开发商抽取”；故答案为extract之后的high r

37、elurn“高额回报”。Aample reward“丰厚回报”；该项等同于“高额回报”，故为答案。Bnew projects“新项目”；该项与答案毫无关系。cquick retum“快速回报”；该项属于偷换概念。Dmore power”更多权力”；该项属于无中生有。综上，本题答案为A）。5.Text 3 Disruption may bc the buzzword in boardrooms,but the most striking feature of business today is not the overturning of the established order.It is

38、the stabilisation of a group of superstar companies at the heart of the global economy.Some are emerging-market champions,like Samsung,which have seized the opportunities provided by globalisation.The elite of the elite are high-tech wizards-Google,Apple,Facebook and the rest-that have conjured up c

39、orporate empires from bits and bytes.The superstars are admirable in many ways.They churn out products that improve consumerslives,from smarter smartphones to sharper televisions.They provide Americans and Europeans with an estimated$280 billion-worth offreeservices-such as search or directions-a ye

40、ar.But they have two big faults.They are squashing competition,and they are using the darker arts of management to stay ahead.Neither is easy to solve.But failing to do so risks a backlash which will be bad for everyone.Bulking up is a global trend.The annual number of mergers and acquisitions is mo

41、re than twice what it was in the 1990s.But concentration is at its most worrying in America.The share of GDP generated by Americas 100 biggest companies rose from about 33%in 1994 t0 46%in 2013.In the home of the entrepreneur,the number of startups js lower than it has been at any time since the 197

42、0s.More firms are dying than being bom.Founders dream of selling their firms to one of the giants rather than of building their own titans.The weight of the superstars also reflects their excellence at less productive activities.About 30%of global foreign direct investment（FDl）flows through tax have

43、ns,big companies routinely usetransfer pricingto pretend that profits generated in one part of the world are in fact made in another.None of this helps the image of big business.Paying tax seems to be unavoidable for individuals but optional for firms.Rules are unbending for citizens,and up for nego

44、tiation when it comes to companies.Nor do profits translate into jobs as once they did.In 1990 the top three carmakers in Detroit had a market capitalisation of$36 billion and l.2 million employees.In 2014 the top three firms in Silicon Valley,with a market capitalisation ofover$l trillion,had only

45、137,000 employees.So,by all means celebrate the astonishing achievements of todays superstar companies.But also watch them.The world needs a healthy dose of competition to keep todays giants on their toes and to give those in their shadow a chance to grow.The image of big business is blackened byA.t

46、ransferring the profit to another placeB.obtaining investment from tax havensC.denying tax paying to govemmentD.refusing offering more job opportunities答案：A 本题解析：推理判断题。根据定位词定位到第四段。该段主要论述大公司如何避税的问题，大企业通常使用“转移定价”的方式制造假象，即一个地区的利润实际上产生于另一地区，故A项为正确选项。【干扰排除】第四段第二句提到“全球对外直接投资巾有约30%流经避税场所”，所以B项“从避税场所获得投资”不正

47、确；第五句表示大企业不是拒绝交税，而是可以谈判，故C项错误；由第一句提到“超级明星企业的重要性也彰显了它们擅长非生产类活动”可知，大企业现在提供的就业机会减少，部分是由于科技发展，并非拒绝提供就业机会，D项不正确。6.It is true that CEO pay has gone up-top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average,and since the mid-1970s CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has,by va

48、rying estimates,gone up by about 500%The typical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about S18.9 million a year.The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly.The efforts of Am

49、ericas highest-earning 1%have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy.Its not popular to say,but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S.economy.Todays CEO,at least for major American firms,must

50、have many mere skills than simply being able to“run the companyCEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them.They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors,as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant.Then theres

51、 the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before,with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries.To lead in that system requires knowledge that is farly mind-boggling plus,virtually all major American companies are beyond this major CEOs still have to d

52、o all the day-to-day work they have always done.The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesnt explain history very well.By most measures,corporate governmance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the 1970s.Yet it is principally during this period of stronger

53、 govemnance that CEO pay has been high and rising.That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs.”Furthermore,the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates,not to the cozy insider picks,another sign that high CEO pay is not some

54、kind of depredation at the expense of the rest of the company.And the stock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to,say,stock prices,a sign that those practices build up corporate value not just for the CEO.CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s despite_A.continual internal oppositio

55、nB.strict corporate governanceC.conservative business strategiesD.Repeated government warnings答案：B 本题解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词the 1970s定位到第四段第三句Yet it is principally during this period of stronger governance that CEO pay has been high and rising.然而，首席执行官的薪酬主要是在这一治理更加有力的时期一直居高不下。正确答案B strict corporat

56、e governance严格的公司管理，属于原文内容的替换表达。干扰项A的continual internal opposition持续的内部对立在文中并未提到，属于无中生有。选项C的conservative business strategies保守的商业策略，定位段并没有提到，属于无中生有。选项D的repeated government warnings政府的再三警告定位段并未提到，属于无中生有。7.Text l With polished stone floors and a plate-glass roof,a shining multi-storey shopping mall ha

57、s just opened beside a motorway north of Paris.Named Qwartz,and costing 300m,it houses 165 shops and what developers calleating concepts.Two other American-style shopping malls opened in the greater Paris region last year,and a third,So Ouest,in 2012.A country that prides iiself on fashion designer

58、boutiques and aflisanal shops seernq to be turning into one of mall rats.Partly ihis is just catching up.Until recently,strict planning rules stopped big out of-town shopping centres around the French capilal.Most malls that existed,such as V61izy 2 or Rosny 2,dated from the 1970s,when rive new town

59、s were built in the Paris suburbs.But a new relaxed attitude has now let more modem projects go ahead.It also points to two features of French society that escape the gaze of historic Paris.One is most shopperssuburban way of life.Only 2.2m people live in the capital itself.Yet the greater Paris reg

60、ion,excluding the city,counts over four times more inhabitanLs,many in small towns and car dependent suburbs.The new malls,ringed by car parks,are handy,even aUuring.Fully 62%of the French told one poll that malls were cheir favourite places to shop,ahead of the high street or traditiOPal department

61、 stores.The other trend is the global taste of consumers.Besides a huge French hypermarket,Qwartzs big puU is Primark,an Irish cheap-fashion retailer,and Marks&Spencer,a British chain.Jusc down the road,So Ouest boasts Hollister,an American surfwear brand,Starbucks,an American coffee house,and forei

62、gn fashion chains such as H&M ancl Zara.In todays temples of consumption,global is a La mode.This is not quite the France favoured by Amaud Montebourg,the industry minister and architect of aMade in Francecampaign.He is now trying to keep Amencan hands off Alstom,the French maker of TCV fast trains.

63、He once posed cheerfully for a magazine,dressed in a striped Breton top and holding a Moulinex food-blender.Yet even French brands are not always home-made,as Benjamin Carle,a reporter,discovered filming a television documeniary about his efforts to live for a year using only products made in France

64、.The result was comic-and sobering.Not only was it impossible to find some items,including a fridge and coffee.Mr Carle initially had to empty his flat of anyLhing that did not meet the test of 50%of its value being made in France.Out went the bicycle,computer,guitar,most of the furnilure,beer.clothes,toothbrush and more.The share of his stuff that qualified as French-made?Just 4.5%.For shoppers who live in the suburb,the new shopping malls are_A.modern and fashionableB.luxurious and expensiveC.disrant and inconvenientD.convenient and attractive答案：D 本题解