名词性从句

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1、名词性从句在句法作用上与名词短语等同的各种从句称为名词性从句。它在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语，多由连词that,wh-疑问词或由what or whatever 等关系代词引导。一、主语从句1、由that 引导 Eg1. That he became a doctor may have been due to his fathers influence. Eg2. its a miracle that he survived the accident. Eg3. it happened that I knew her boyfriend. Eg4. it is strange that

2、he cant remember her telephone number. Eg5. it must be pointed out that you are completely wrong.注释：（1）主语从句前的that 不能省略，仅起连接作用。（2）例eg2,eg3,eg4,eg5中，为了保持句子平衡，由it作形式主语代替that从句，而将that 从句后置。2、由who,whom , whose , which, what, where, when , how, why等疑问词引导。 Eg1. who will preside at the meeting remains unkno

3、wn. Eg2. how she got wounded at work should be investigated. Eg3. why he did such a stupid thing is not known. Eg4. where we should stay is a problem. Eg5. its still a question when we shall have our sports meet. Eg6. whether he will attend the metting is uncertain. =its uncertain whether /if he wil

4、l attend the meeting .注释：（1）wh-疑问词引导的从句虽有疑问色彩，但用的是陈述句的语序，不需倒装。（2）例eg6中可看出whether和if的用法区别：if 引导的从句不能位于句首，而whether引导的从句既可以位于句首也可位于主句后。3、名词性关系词引导 Eg1. what you need is more exerience. Eg2. whatever you said doesnt concern us . Eg3. whomever you invite will be welcome. Eg4. where she spends her time is

5、none of your business. Eg5. whoever fails to conform to the principles will make a big blunder.注释：（1）引导词what,where,wh-ever等关系代词或副词都含有关系代词和它的先行词在内，如；what=the thing which ,where=the place where,whatever=anything that,whoever=anyone that.等等，因此名词性关系从句可可作先行词语其后的定语从句结合。（2）疑问词引导的从句与句词性关系词引导的从句的区别在于：前者带有疑问色

6、彩，而后者不带有疑问色彩，试比较： You can ask what he has in his mind . Give me what you have in your hand . Which he likes will be given to him .You must tell him which he should choose.二、宾语从句1、由that 引导 Eg1. I remember that I have seen her somewhere before. Eg2. I told him that Jack had invited us . Eg3. I heard i

7、t said that she married a foreigner. Eg4. Ill see to it that everything is ready in time . Eg5. the experiment makes it evident that air has weight. Eg6. we consider it necessary that the instrument should be adjusted each time it is used.注释：（1）宾语从句中that常可省略，如：eg1，eg2。（2）例eg3至eg6引导的从句作复合宾语的成分，用it作形式

8、宾语的先行词，that不可省略。2、由what ,when , where , how, which , why , who , whom,whether(if),whatever, whoever, whichever等引导Eg1. he asked me what I wanted.Eg2. I dont know where the sound came from.Eg3. I doubt whether/if they will be able to arrive here on time.Eg4. I dont care whether she will apologize to m

9、e or not .Eg5. in primitive societies ,people ate whatever they could find.注释：（1）例eg3,eg4中可看出whether和if 在宾语从句的区别，whether可与or not 搭配，而if 不可。（2）注意由what 引导的从句中，what 要承担一个语法成分，如：eg1;what作wanted 的宾语；而that在引导的从句中不作任何成分。3、动词+间接宾语从句+直接宾语 Eg1. he gave me whoever came over a form.4、介词宾语从句 Eg1. we will provide

10、 assistance to whoever needs it . Eg2. the old woman told her sufferings to whomever she met. Eg3. dont be satisfied with what you have achieved . Eg4. the new literature course differs from the old course in that the students arent required to attend lectures. Eg5. this suit fits me well except tha

11、t the trousers are too long. Eg6. I would have come to see you but that I had something urgent to do then .注释：介词后面一般不跟that 引导的宾语从句，仅在in ,except ,but ,besides 等少数几个介词后可跟that 引导的宾语从句，已形成固定的搭配，in that 在于，but that 要不是.，except that除了， besides that 除了之外，还.。5、形容词宾语从句： be +adj +从句 Eg1. she is confident that

12、 she will win. Eg2. they are gald youve succeeded in your plan. Eg3. we are not sure whether he will come .注释：“that+形容词”结构后跟从句，常见的形容词有：afraid ,anxious ,certain,confident ,sure , convinced, glad , worried , sorry, annoyed , pleased, satisfied ,hurt,content, proud,etc.三、表语从句1、常由that ,whether,because,

13、where ,when, why,how,who, as if/ as though等引导 Eg1. the question remains whether we can win the majority of the people. Eg2. this is where you are mistaken. Eg3. this is why I got scolded. Eg4. it may be because he is too young to do it . Eg5. it seem that (as if)the night would never end. Eg6. the r

14、eason why (that)he has been such a success is that he never gives up. Eg7. the reason he did not come to the meeting is that he was ill.注释：可以接表语从句的系动词有be ,look , remain. Seem,etc.例eg6,eg7中常用the reason is that,而不用because. 四、同位语从句 1、同位语从句是对与之同位的名词中心词作进一步解释，能接同位语从句的常见名词有：fact , idea, news , belief, hop

15、e, evidence,opinion, problem , truth, answer, proposal, theory, decision, discovery, problem , thought, understanding,etc.Eg1. the problem that they cant get here early is hard to solve.Eg2. no one can deny the fact that he has made such progress.Eg3. the order has come that the work be done at once

16、. 注释；注意eg3中为保持句子平衡同位语从句后置情况。2、同位语从句与定语从句的区别 Eg1. the news that he has succeeded inspired them all.() Eg2. whatt the news that upset her so much?() Eg3. the proposal that we should import more equipment from abroad is to be discussed at the meeting .() Eg4. the proposal that he put forward is to be disscussed at the meeting.()注释：定语从句与同位语从句的区别从三个方面来看：（1）定语从句中that 代替先行词，这在从句中作某个成份，而在同位语从句中，that 仅为连词，在从句中一担任成分。（2）定语从句是对先行词加以修饰、限制，而同位语从句则是说明名词中心词的具体内容。（3）同位语从句的先行词是一些有限的表示抽象意义的名词，而定语从句的先行词可以是无数的表示抽象或具体概念的名词。