考研考博-英语-甘肃有色冶金职业技术学院考研模拟卷I【3套】含答案详解

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1、住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-甘肃有色冶金职业技术学院考研模拟卷【3套】含答案详解（图片大小可任意调节）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第一卷一.单项选择题(共100题)1.In our contemporary culture,the prospect of communicating with-or even looking at-a stranger is virtually unbearable.Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones,even witho

2、ut a 1 underground.Its a sad reality-our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings-because theres 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you.But you wouldnt know it,3 into your phone.This universal armor sends the 4:Please dont approach me.What is it that makes us feel we

3、need to hide 5 our screens?One answer is fear,according to Jon Wortmann,executive mental coach.We fear rejection,or that our innocent social advances will be 6 ascreepy,.We fear well be 7.We fear well be disruptive.Strangers are inherently 8 to us,so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating w

4、ith them compared with our friends and acquaintances.To avoid this anxiety,we 10 to our phones.Phones become our security blanket,Wortmann says.They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11.”But once we rip off the bandaid,tuck our smartphones in our pockets

5、 and look up,it doesnt 12 so bad.In one 2011 experiment,behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable:Start a 13.They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14.When Dr.Epley and Ms.Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to

6、15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger,the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,the New York Times summarizes.Though the participants didnt expect a positive experience,after they 17 with the experiment,not a single person reported having been snubbe

7、d.18,these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication,which makes absolute sense,19 human beings thrive off of social connections.Its that 20:Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.20选？A.funnyB.simpleC.logicalD.rare答案：B 本题解析：词义辨析【直击答案】本句冒号后内容是对it的解释说明。而该

8、句与前句是平行关系，it指代前一句谈到的“与他人交流会更愉悦”。冒号后面的内容说明了，这是一个显然的事实。所以B项simple满足句意。【命题思路】本句考查形容词。解题的关键是利用it的指代关系，和冒号的解释说明功能。【干扰排除】其余选项的词义均不满足对句子的修饰关系。2.Recognizing when a friend or colleague feels sad,angry or surprised is key to getting along with orhers.1 a new study suggests that a skill for listening in on fee

9、lings may sometimes come with an extra dose of stress.This and other research 2 the prevailing view that emotional intelligence is uniformly 3 to its bearer.In a study published in the September 2016 issue of E7notion,psychologists Myriam Bechtoldt and Vanessa Schneider asked 166 male university stu

10、dents a series of questions to 4 their emotional smarts.5,they showed the students photographs of peoples faces ancl askecl them 6 what extent feelings such as happiness or disgust were being expressed.The students 7 had to give job talks in front of judges displaying stern facial expressions.The sc

11、ientists measured concentrations of the stress hormone cortisol in the studentssaliva before and after the talk.In students who were 8 more emotionally intelligent,the stress measures increased more during the experiment and took 9 to go back to baseline.The 10 suggest that some people may be too em

12、otionally clever for their own good,says Hillary Anger Elfenbein,a professor of organizational behavior at Washington University in St.Louis.Sometimes you can be so good at something 11 it causes trouble,she notes.Indeed,the study adds to previous research hinting at a（n）12 side of emotional intelli

13、gence.A study published in 2002 in Personalr.t,y and Individual Di f ferences suggested that emotionally 13 people might be particularly 14 to feelings of depression and hopelessness.15,several studies,including one published in 2013 in PLOS ONE,have implied that emotional intelligence can be used t

14、o manipulate others for personal 16.More research is needed to see how exactly the relation between emotional intelligence and stress woulcl 17 0ut in women anclin people 18 different ages and education levels.19,emotional intelligence is a useful skill to have,as long as you learn to also properly

15、20 emotions-both othersand your own.19选？A.IndeedB.MoreoverC.NeverthelessD.Thus答案：C 本题解析：本题考查上下文逻辑。上文指出新研究以及之前研究的结伦，揭露了商情商的不利面：带来压力、（情感敏锐的人）容易沮丧和绝望、用来操纵他人；空格句指出情商是有用的技能，两部分内容之问为明显的转折关系，C.Ncvcrthclcss符合文意。3.Emerging in the late Sixties and reaching a peak in the Seventies,Land Art was one of a range o

16、f new forms,including Body Art,Performance Art,Action Art and Installation Art,which pushed art beyond the traditional confines of the studio and gallery.Rather than portraying landscape,land artists used the physical substance of the land itself as their medium.The British Land Art,typified by Long

17、s piece,was not only more domestically scaled,but a lot quirkier than its American counterpart.Indeed,while you might assume that an exhibition of Land Art would consist only of records of works rather than the works themselves,Longs photograph of his work is the work.Since his“action”is in the past

18、,the photograph is its sole embodiment.That might seem rather an obscure point,but it sets the tone for an exhibition that contains a lot of blackandwhite photographs and relatively few natural objects.Long is Britains bestknown Land Artist and his Stone Circle,a perfect ring of purplish rocks from

19、Portishead beach laid out on the gallery floor,represents the elegant,rarefied side of the form.The Boyle Family,on the other hand,stands for its dirty,urban aspect.Comprising artists Mark Boyle and Joan Hills and their children,they recreated random sections of the British landscape on gallery wall

20、s.Their Olaf Street Study,a square of brickstrewn waste ground,is one of the few works here to embrace the commonplaceness that characterises most of our experience of the landscape most of the time.Parks feature,particularly in the earlier works,such as John Hilliards very funny Across the Park,in

21、which a longhaired stroller is variously smiled at by a pretty girl and unwittingly assaulted in a sequence of images that turn out to be different parts of the same photograph.Generally however British land artists preferred to get away from towns,gravitating towards landscapes that are traditional

22、ly considered beautiful such as the Lake District or the Wiltshire Downs.While it probably wasnt apparent at the time,much of this work is permeated by a spirit of romantic escapism that the likes of Wordsworth would have readily understood.Derek Jarmans yellowtinted film Towards Avebury,a collectio

23、n of long,mostly still shots of the Wiltshire landscape,evokes a tradition of English landscape painting stretching from Samuel Palmer to Paul Nash.In the case of Hamish Fulton,you cant help feeling that the Scottish artist has simply founda way of making his love of walking pay.A typical work,such

24、as Seven Days,consists of a single beautiful blackandwhite photograph taken on an epic walk,with the mileage and number of days taken listed beneath.British Land Art as shown in this well selected,but relatively modestly scaled exhibition wasnt about imposing on the landscape,more a kind of landscap

25、eorientated light conceptual art created passing through.It had its origins in the great outdoors,but the results were as gallerybound as the paintings of Turner and Constable.Olaf StreetStudy_A.originates from a long walk that the artist tookB.illustrates a kind of landscape-orientated light concep

26、tual artC.reminds people of the English landscape painting traditionD.represents the elegance of the British land artE.depicts the ordinary si答案：E 本题解析：根据题干中的关键词文定位到第四段第四句Their OlafStreet Study，这句话指出Olaf Street Study是为数不多能够体现世俗的作品之一。E项中的depicts是原文中embrace的同义替换，ordinary side是原文commonplaceness的同义替换。4.

27、Text 4 Britains private schools are one of its most successful exports.The children of the well-heeled flock to them,whetherrom China,Nigeria or Russia:the number of foreign pupils rose by l.4%in the last year alone.One headmaster recendy asked a room full of pupils whether they flew business class

28、to Britain.Only a few hands went up,sugSesting they were not quite as spoiled as he had thought.Then a boy explained:many of the pupils fly first class instead.Yet foreign studenLs,whether educated in British pnvate schools or elsewhere,are decreasingly likely to go to English universities.According

29、 Lo the Higher Education Funding Council for England,307,200 0verseas students began their studies in the country in 2012-2013,down from 312,000 two years earlier and the first drop in 29 years.Student numbers from the rest of the EU fell-probably a result of the increase in annual tuition fees in E

30、ngland from 6,000 a year 10 9,000.But arrivals from India and Pakistan declined mosL sharply.In conLrast to the visa regime for private schools,which is extremely lax（the Home Office counts private schools as favoured sponsors）,student visas have been tightened.Foreign students used to be allowed to

31、 work for up to two years after graduating.They now have only four months to find a job paying upwards of 20,600 if they want to stay in Britain.This change was intended to deal with sham colleges ihat were in effect offenng two-year work visas.BuL it seems to have put off serious students too.Nick

32、HiUman of the Higher Education Policy Institute says the government has sent unclear messages about the sort of immigration it wants to restrict.An emphasis on holding down net immigration influences young Indians and Pakistanis in particular.Australia 8nd America,which have more relaxed entry crite

33、ria for students,are becorrung more favoured destinations.Colin Riordan,Cardiff Universitys vice-chancellor,adds that Britains student-visa regime has become more strict and difficult.As a result,Britain is losing oul to other counLries in the contest for Lalent-an oddity,given how often the prime m

34、inister bangs on about theglobal race.Its unwelcoming standpoint will harm its long-term prospects.And the drift of foreign studenLs from leadinS;British private schools to American colleges may have another,somewhat happier,consequence:America might become raLher better at cricket.lt can be leamed

35、from Paragraph 1 that_A.many foreign students are from weahhy familiesB.most students in the class are not spoiled at homeC.those who flew business class are from poor familiesD.Britain has the worlds mosL successful private schools答案：A 本题解析：推理题oAmany foreign students are from wealthy families“许多留学生

36、来自富裕家庭”；第一段第二句提到：The children of the well-heeled flock to them.其中well-heeled表示“富裕的”；该段最后一句提到：many of the pupils fly first class instead.“许多学生都坐头等舱。”该句也暗示了许多留学生家境富裕。故该项表述正确。B）most students in the class are not spoiled at home“班上大多数学生在家里没有被宠坏”；最后两句提到：Only a few hands went up,suggesting they were not q

37、uite as spoiled as he had thought.Then a boy explained:many of the pupils fly first class instead.大意是：只有少数学生乘坐商务舱，大多数学生乘坐头等舱。暗示这些学生家境富裕而且备受宠爱，故该项表述与文章不符。C）those who flew business class are from poor families“那些坐商务舱的学生来自贫困家庭”；该项纯属无中生有。DBritain has the worlds most successful private schools“英国拥有世界上最成功

38、的私立学校”：文章首句说：Britains private schools are one of its most successful exports.原文说英国私立学校是其最成功的“出口商品”之一，并没有说英国私立学校是世界上最成功的，该项属于偷换概念。综上，本题答案为A。5.The last time she was recruiting for her export-sales team,Sarah Grain hired a Lithuanian who speaks Russian,Polish and German.Her two previous hires for Eriez

39、 Magnetics,which makes in-dustrial equipment in South Wales,were an Italian who also speaks French,and a Venezuelan who speaks Spanish and Portuguese.All of them speak fluent English.There were no British applicants who had the requisite language skills,she says.Ms Grains conclusion is not unusual f

40、or a British company.In 2012 a European Commission survey tested the foreign-language proficiency of 54,000 students aged 14 and 15,in 14 nations.Sweden came top,with 82qo of pupils reaching anindependentoradvanced independentstandard.The average for all 14 states was 42%.England came bottom,with ju

41、st 9%.Part of the explanation is that many peoples second language is English,while many Britons continue to believe that,as native speakers,they do not need to bother with foreign languages.They may be right-in tenns of commurucation.But it means that,not only are they missing out on much cultural

42、interaction,they may also be harming their own job prospects.they have not been helped by the educational policies of successive govemments.In 2004 Tony Blairs hbour govemment abolished the requirement to learn a language after the age of 14,causing the numbers taking a language CCSE exam at 16 to f

43、all by half in state schools over the next seven years.Concerned about this rapid decline,the coalition govemment brought in a new performance indicator called the English Baccalaureate,or EBacc,in 2011.A modern language was one of its five core disciplines.Language teachers-an embattled breed-rejoi

44、ced.The number of students ente-ring a GCSE language exam in 2013,the first year the changes took effect,rose by 20%.Now,however,those gains could be lost,as the govemment has seemingly loosened the re-quirement.From 2016,under a new initiative called Progress 8,it has extended the number of core su

45、bjects to eight,appearing to make learning a language voluntary.This has pleased some teachers,who felt the EBacc was too narrow,but linguists are shocking.The decline of languages at GCSE has inevitably had an effect higher up the academic food chain.Though the number of those studying languages to

46、 A Level will increase thanks to the GCSE cohort of 2013-2014,it is likely to fall back again.French and German are half as popular as they were 20 years ago.The number of universities offering language degrees has fallen,too:by 50%for Cerman and 40%for French since 1998.The number offering Spanish

47、has also fallen.Degrees in other languages,such as Chinese and Arabic,are becoming more popular,but they are still rare.The economy and the labour market bear the consequences.In 2012 the British Chambers of Commerce found,in a survey of 8,000 BriLish companies,that 96%had no foreign-language speake

48、rs.First-lime exporters cited language as a barrier to entering intemational markets.Though Britain makes up 12%of the population of the EU,less than 5qo of EU civil servants in Brussels are British.Not enough Bricons can fulfil the language requirement of being able to work in French or Cerman.And

49、even if monoglot Brits can get jobs at multinationals,claims Richard Hardie,non-executive chairman of the British arm of UBS,a bank,the chances of getting to the top if you only have English are much lower than before.British Chambers of Commerce found thatA.most British candidates lacked language s

50、killsB.native speakers didnt need to learn foreign languagesC.mastering only one language would be less competitiveD.English had lost its predominance as a foreign languageE.a majority of British firms had no foreign-language speakersF.the requirement for students to learn foreign language was unnec

51、essaryG.studentsforeign-language proficiency differed greatly among countries答案：E 本题解析：根据British Chambers of Commerce定位到第八段，即倒数第二段。该段第二句说In 2012 the British Chambers of Commerce found,in a survey of 8,000 British comparues,that 96%had no foreign-language speakers.该句的British companies-EBritish firms;

52、此外Had no foreign-language speakers与原文形成原词复现。故该题选择E。6.The Internet affords anonymity to its users,a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech.But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a worl

53、d that seems increasingly 3?Last month,Howard Schmidt,the nations cyber-czar,offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a“voluntary trusted identity”system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key,a fingerprint and a photo ID card,all rolled 6 one.The system might use a

54、smart identity card,or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer.and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems.User could 9 which system to join,and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could

55、navigate those systems.The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet drivers license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these“single sign-on”systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12.the ap

56、proach would create a“walled garden”n cyberspace,with safe“neighborhoods”and bright“streetlights”to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr.Schmidt described it as a“voluntary ecosystem”in which“individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14,trusting the identities of each oth

57、er and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”.Still,the administrations plan has 16 privacy rights activists.Some applaud the approach;others are concerned.It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet“drives licens

58、e”mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts,who worry that the“voluntary ecosystem”envisioned by Mr.Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19.They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves,in the same way that driv

59、ers must be licensed to drive on public roads.19选？A.manageableB.defendableC.vulnerableD.invisible答案：C 本题解析：词义辨析【直击答案】本空格所在句是who worry that the“voluntary ecosystem”envisioned by Mr.Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet_19_解答本题worry一词仍是重点，专家对Schmidt先生所设想的“自愿生态系统”仍有所担忧，再联系本文主旨，即互联网安全，可推断出这些专家担

60、忧这个系统仍然会使互联网受到攻击。故答案为D项vulnerable“易受攻击的”。【命题思路】该题考查的是词义辨析。leave sth.adj.使某物处于某种状态。【干扰排除】根据上、下文语义应选否定意义的词，所以排除A、B项。比较C、D项，C项明显符合文意。7.Text l If comfortably outpacing your rivals is the main measure of automotive achievement,Teslas electric car is a resounding success.The Model S last year outsold its

61、nearest luxury rival,Mercedess petrol-engined S-class,by 30qo in America.And in its top specification the Tesla will also beat the Cerman car in the race from 0-60mph.As a battery-maker Tesla is also moving fast.This week it announced plans to build agigafactoryin America to make lithium-ion power-p

62、acks,that it hopes will propel its vehicles to the mainstream.Teslas acceleration has been rapid.Launched a decade ago by Elon Musk,a founder of PayPal and serial tech entrepreneur,last year it sold around 22,000 cars and by the end of 2014 hopes to be making l,000 a week.In early 2015 Tesla will ad

63、d the Model X,a medium-sized SUV,to its range.However,Teslas impressive growth has not yet tranalaLed into significant profits.A series of b8ttery fires also briefly dented sales growth last year.Nevertheless,Teslas shares surged on February 25th,to value the company at over$30 billion after Morgan

64、Stanley,a bank,joined its adoring fans.It reckons that the battery factory will not only propel it along the road to mass manufacturing but also make it a leading competitor in low-cost enerOr storage,Lhe key to making renewable energy more practical.The bank is also confident that Teslas Silicon Valley location will put it in the driverless front seat of autonomous motoring.A recent meeting with Apple,and the iPad-like control panel of the Model S,have convinced some observers that a takeover-and an iCar are around the corner,although Mr Musk insists that his firm is not for sale.Tesla h