考研考博-英语-天府新区通用航空职业学院考研模拟卷I【3套】含答案详解

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1、住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天府新区通用航空职业学院考研模拟卷【3套】含答案详解（图片大小可任意调节）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第一卷一.单项选择题(共100题)1.American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years now.Given a multi-year decline in illegal immigration,and a similarly sustained pickup in the U.S.job market,the complaints ar

2、e unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.Efforts to create a more straightforward agricultural-workers visa that would enable foreign workers to stay longer in the U.S.and change jobs within the industry have so far failed in Congress.If this doesnt change,America

3、n businesses,communities and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S.farm laborers are undocumented immigrants.As fewer such workers enter the U.S.,the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing.Todays farm laborers,while still predominantly born in Mexico,are more likely to

4、 be settled,rather than migrating,and more likely to be married than single.They are also aging.At the start of this century,about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35.Now,more than half are.And crop picking is hard on older bodies.One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as

5、 implausible as it has been all along:Native U.S.workers wont be returning to the farm.In a study published in 2013,economist Michael Clemens analyzed 15 years of data on North Carolinas farm-labor market and concluded,“There is virtually no supply of native manual farm laborers”in the state.This wa

6、s true even in the depths of a severe recession.Mechanization is not the answer eithernot yet at least.Production of corn,cotton,rice,soybeans and wheat have been largely mechanized,but many high-value,labor-intensive crops,such as strawberries,need labor.Even dairy farms,where robots currently do o

7、nly a small share of milking,have a long way to go before they are automated.As a result,farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the agricultural workforce.Starting around 2012,requests for the visas rose sharply;from 2011 to 2016 the

8、number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap,unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work,which is limited to 66,000 annually.Even so,employers frequently complain that they arent allotted all the workers they need.The process is cumbersome,expensive and unreliable.On

9、e survey found that bureaucratic delays led H-2A workers to arrive on the job an average of 22 days late.And the shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids,which remove some workers and drive otherunderground.Petitioning each year for laborersand hoping the government provides enough,and th

10、at they arrive on timeis no way to run a business.In a 2012 survey by the California Farm Bureau,71 percent of tree-fruit growers and nearly 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor.Some western growers have responded by movingoperations to Mexico.Without reliable access

11、to a reliable workforce,more growers will be tempted to move south.According to a report by the Partnership for a New American Economy,Americans are consuming more fresh produce,which is good.But a rising share of it is grown elsewhere.In 1998-2000,14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was im

12、ported.Little more than a decade later,the share of imported fruit had increased to 25.8 percent.Rural U.S.communities that might have benefited didnt.In effect,the U.S.can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.The U.S.needs a simpler,streamlined,multi-year visa for agricultural worke

13、rs,accompanied by measures to guard against exploitation and a viable path to U.S.residency for workers who meet the requirements.Otherwise growers will continue to struggle with shortages and uncertainty,and the country as a whole will lose out.What problem should be addressed according to the firs

14、t two paragraphs?（）A.discrimination against foreign workers in the U.SB.biased laws in favor of some American businessesC.flaws in US immigration rules for farm workersD.decline of job opportunities in US agriculture答案：C 本题解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。题目问的是应该被解决的问题是什么，所以先定位到第一段，在第二句话中有提到，在没有对于农场工人相关的移民规则进行彻底修订

15、之前，抱怨是不会停止的。由此可见，之所以抱怨是因为有问题。所以，问题就和移民规则有关。选项C就有提到，其中flaw就是问题，瑕疵的意思。2.Google is not a conventional company.We do not I to become one,wrote Larry Page and Sergey Brin,the search firms founders,in a letter to investors ahead ofits stockmarket flotation in 2004.Since then,Google has bumished its reputa

16、tion 2 0ne ofthe quirkiest companies on the planet.This year alone it has 3 eyebrows by taking a stake in a wind-energy project off the east coast ofAmerica and by testing self-driving cars,which have already_4 0ver 140,000 miles（225,OOOkm）on the countrys roads.Google has been able to 5 such flights

17、 of fancy 6 its amazingly successful online-search business.This has 7 handsome returns for the firms investors,who have seen the company 8 itselfin the space ofa mere 12 years from a tiny start-up into a behemoth with a$180 billion market capitalisation that sprawls 9 a vast headquarters in Silicon

18、 Valley known as the Googleplex.Google 10 stretches across the web like a giant spider,with a leg in everything from online search and e-mail to social networking and web-based software applications,or apps.All this has turned Google into a force to be reckoned with.11 now the champion of the unorth

19、odox is faced with two conventional business challenges.The first 12 placating regulators,who fret that it may be abusing its considerable 13.On November 30th the European Union 14 a formal investigation into claims that Google has been 15 search results to give an unfair advantage to its own servic

20、es-a charge the firm vigorously 16.The other challenge facing Google is how to find new sources of growth.17 all the experiments it has launched,the firm is still heavily dependent on search-related advertising.Ironically,investorsbiggest worry is that Google will end 18 like Microsoft,which has 19

21、to find big new sources of 20 and profit to replace those from its two ageing ponies,the Windows operating system and the Omce suite of business software.That explains why Googles share price has stagnated.13选？A.powerB.rightC.mightD.force答案：A 本题解析：名词辨析题。空格处所在句为who fret that it may be abusing its con

22、siderable_（那些担心符歌滥用的监管者。）根据文章意思，这里表达的是滥用职权，power表示“权力，职权”，符合句意，故A项为正确选项。【干扰排除】B项right“权利”，指的是干某件事的权利；c项might作力量讲时，指强大的力量、威力；D项force指物理层面的力，三项均不符合句意，故排除。3.Text 3 When education fails to keep pace with technology,the result is inequality.Without the skills to stay useful as innovations arrive,workers

23、suffer-and if enough of them fall belund,society starts to fall apart.That fundamental insight seized reformers in the IndusLrial Revolution,promoting state-funded universal schooling.Later,automation in factories and offices called forth a surge in coUege graduates.The combination of education and

24、innovation,spread over decades,led to a remarkable flowering of prosperity.Today robotics and artificial intelligence call for another education revolution.This time,how-ever,working lives are so lengthy and so fast-chanf;ing that simply cramming more schooling in at the start is not enough.People m

25、ust also be able to acquire new skills throughout their careers.Unfortunately,as our special report in Lhis issue sets out,the lifelong learning that exists today mainly benefits high achievers and is therefore more likely to aggravate inequality than diminish it.If 21st-century economies are not to

26、 create a massive underclass,policymakers urgently need to work out how to help all their citizens leam while they earn.So far,their ambition has fallen pitifully short.The classic model of education-a burst aL the start and top-ups through company training-is breaking down.One reason is the need fo

27、r new,and constantly updated,skdls.Manufacturing increasingly calls for brain work raLher than physical work.The share of the American workforce employed in routine office jobs declined from 25.5%t0 21%between 1996 and 2015.The single,stable career has gone the way of the Rolodex.Pushinf;people into

28、 ever-hit;her levels of formal education at the start of their lives is not the way to cope.Just 16qo of Americans think that a four-year college degree prepares students very well for a good job.Although a vocational education promises that vital first hire,those with specialtized training tend to

29、withdraw from the labour force earlier than山ose with general educaUon-perhaps because they are less adaptable.At the same time on-the-job training is shrinking.In Amenca and Britain it has fallen by roughly half in the past two decades.Self-employment is spreading,leaving more people to take respons

30、i-bility for their own skills.Taking time out later in life to pursue a formal qualirication is an option,but it costs money and most coUeges are geared towards youngsters.According to Paragraph 3,todays lifelong learning can_A.increase the number of the underclassB.benefit people with high career g

31、oalsC.eliminate inequality once and for aLID.be helpful to the majority of people答案：A 本题解析：细节题。根据题干定位到第三段首句。Aincrease the number of the underclass“使底层阶级数量增加”：首句说：如今终身学习使成功人士受益，并加剧不平等；接着说：如果21世纪的经济体不想产生一个庞大的底层阶级；由这两句话得出结论：今天的终身学习会加剧不平等并产生庞大的底层阶级，也就是“使底层阶级数量增加”，故选项A正确。Bbenefit people with high career

32、goals“使树立远大事业目标的人士受益”与原文benefits high achievers“使成功人士受益”不符，“树立远大事业目标的人士”不等同于“成功人士”，故该项可以排除。Celiminate inequality once and for all“彻底消除不平等”；该项与原文aggravale inequalily“加剧不平等”完全相反，故排除。Dbe helpful to the majority of people“对大多数人有帮助”；该项与原文mainly benefiLs high achievers“主要使成功人士受益”不符。综上，本题选A。4.Text 1 In an

33、essay entitled“Making It in America”,the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated:The average mill has only two employees today,“a man and a dog.The man is there to feed the dog,and the dog is there to keep the man away from

34、 the machines.”Davidsons article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middleclass incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution

35、,which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past,workers with average skills,doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle.But，today，average is officially over.Being average just wont earn you what it used to.It cant when so many more employers hav

36、e so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor,cheap robotics,cheap software,cheap automation and cheap genius.Therefore,everyone needs to find their extratheir unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes,new technology ha

37、s been eating jobs forever,and always will.But theres been acceleration.As Davidson notes,“In the 10 years ending in 2009,U.S.factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years;roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobsabout 6 million in totaldisappe

38、ared.”There will always be changenew jobs,new products,new services.But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T.revolution,the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is o

39、fficially over,there are many things we need to do to support employment,but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to posthigh school education.The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that_A.gains of technolo

40、gy have been erasedB.job opportunities are disappearing at a high speedC.factories are making much less money than beforeD.new jobs and services have been offered答案：B 本题解析：推理题【命题思路】虽然从形式上来说，本题考查的是对一个句子意思的理解，但实际上这是作者引用Davidson的话来说明他在上文提出的论点，因此这道题的解题关键在于把握引用句子前面的部分。【直击答案】根据题干定位到第四段，首句指出作者提出的观点：新技术不断吞噬

41、工作，而且现在的速度在加快。后面引用的话语是对这个论点的具体说明，选项B中的“job opportunities”与原文的“job”相对应，“are disappearing at a high speed”与原文“has been eating jobs”以及“theres been acceleration”相对应，故为正确答案。【干扰排除】A项和C都是对引号中的局部信息设置的干扰项，均属于张冠李戴。D项是无中生有信息。5.Text 4 Though often viewed as a problem for western states,the growing frequency of

42、wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars,says Professor Max Moritz,a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015,the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its$5.5 billion annual budget fighting firesnearly double the percentage it spen

43、t on such efforts 20 years ago.In effect,fewer federal funds today are going towards the agencys other worksuch as forest conservation,watershed and cultural resources management,and infrastructure upkeepthat affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from o

44、ther agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts.As Moritz puts it,how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“Its already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,”he says.We need to take a magnifying glas

45、s to that.Like,“Wait a minute,is this OK?”“Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire,researchers say.For one thing,conversations about wildfires need to be m

46、ore inclusive.Over the past decade,the focus has been on climate changehow the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element,Moritz says,it shouldnt come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“The human systems and the lands

47、capes we live on are linked,and the interactions go both ways,he says.Failing to recognize that,he notes,leads toan overly simplified view of what the solutions might be.Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”At the same time,people continue to treat fire as

48、an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity,says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado.But acknowledging fires inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws,policies,and practices that make it as safe as possible,she says.

49、“Weve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,”Balch says.“It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should_A.do away withB.come to terms withC.pay a price forD.keep away from答案：

50、B 本题解析：根据题干关键词Professor Balch和fire可以定位至倒数第二段。在该段中，鲍尔奇教授提出，人们不应将火灾看成是一种需要完全控制的事件，而应该认识到火灾是人类生活中不可避免的，只有这样，才能通过制定相关的法规政策和采取适当的行动，将它尽可能地控制在更安全的范围之内，可见，她认为对于火，人们应该采取一种接受的态度，故正确答案为B。6.I couldnt stop crying.Months oflate evenings and demanding travel had l my professional exterior.I tried to 2 my quarterl

51、y numbers while my colleagues squirmed（局促不安）in their seats,offered me a box oftissues,or just 3.My boss 4 ended the meeting.My colleagues quickly 5 the room.l was left 6 in the conference room,crumpled tissues in hand.For women,crying in a professional 7 is often seen as the kiss of death:Stop cryin

52、g!Someone will see you.Quick,run to the ladiesroom!These are just two 8 0f similar wamings Ive heard throughout my career.But its not just me.Female friends and colleagues have told me they too have been told to 9 the waterworks.Its a familiar 10 for women who cry at work:Escape to bathroom.Grab toi

53、let paper.Wipe eyes.Blow nose.Take deep breath and sashay back into the conference rooms,banquet halls,auditoriums and hallways.Act as ifwe really did just have to use the 11.If,however,we cant make a pre-tears escape,were likely to 12 0ur tails between our legs:Im so sorry.Dont worry,that will neve

54、r happen again.Youre right,that was so unprofessional.Most of the women I spoke with about this 13 explain that to cry in front of colleagues,especially male peers or bosses,14 as one ofthe most humiliating professional experiences.But times and corporate culture are both changing.Could crying have

55、a less negative feeling ifleaders 15 it as natural?16 gender,leaders need to be trained on how t0 17 crying as another form of emotional expression.The 18 from the top needs to be that no one will lose credibility or be seen as less competent if they cry.Rather,they will be viewed as being 19 while

56、helping to create an even more 20 workplace culture.17选？A.normalizeB.modemizeC.popularizeD.idealize答案：A 本题解析：动词辨析题。根据句意，无论性别如何，领导者都需要接受培训，学习如何将哭泣作为另一种的情感表达方式。结合上下文，“将哭泣作为另一种正常化的情感表达方式”更符合原文，故A项为正确选项。【干扰排除】B项modemize“使现代化；使具现代风格”、C项popularize“使普及；使大众化”、D项idealize“把理想化；使完美”代入原文均搭配不当，故均排除。7.For months

57、Twitter.the micro-blogging service,has received the kind of free attention of which most companies can only dream.Politicians,corporate bosses,activists and citizens l the plat-form to calch every tweet of Americas new president,who has become the services 2.The whole world is watching Twitter,3 Jac

58、k Dorsey,the companys chief executive,4 he presented its results on February 9th.He has litde else to brag about.But Donald Trump has not provided the kind of boost the 5 firm really needs.It reported 6 revenue growth and a loss of$167m.User growth has been sluggish,too:it added just 2m users in tha

59、t period.Facebook added 72m.The day of the results,shares in Twitter dropped by 12qo.7 news oudeLs around the world already report 8 Mr Trumps most sensationaJ tweets,many do not feel compelled to join the platform t0 9 them.OLhers are 10 by mobs of trolls and large amounts of misinformation.And not

60、 11 Mr Trvmp could change the cold,hard truth about Twitter:that it can never be Facebook.True,it has become one of the most important 12 for public and political 13 among its 319m monthly users.It played an important role in the Arab spring and 14 such as Black Lives MaUer.BuL the platforms freewhe

61、eling nature makes it hard to spin gold from.15,really trying to do so-by packing Twitter feeds 16 advertising,say-would drive away users.Twitters latest results are likely to encourage those who think it should never have become a 17 listed company,and want it to consider alternate models of owners

62、hip,such as a co-operative.They 18 Twitter as a kind of public utility-apeoples platform-the management of which should concem public 19 rather more than commercial ones.If the company were coop-eratively owned by users,it would be 20 from short-term pressure to please its investors and meet earrung

63、s targets.17选？A.commonlyB.publiclyC.massivelyD.generally答案：B 本题解析：副词辨析题。选项Acommonly表示“普通地，通常地”，Dgenerally表示“通常地，一般地”，这两项属于同义选项，可以排除。BC两项能与下文listed company形成搭配的为B）。publicly listed company表示“上市公司”。且下文多次出现public-词，也属于原词复现。8.In our contemporary culture,the prospect of communicating with-or even looking

64、at-a stranger is virtually unbearable.Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones,even without a 1 underground.Its a sad reality-our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings-because theres 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you.But you wouldnt know it,3 into your phone.This universal armor sends the 4:Please dont approach me.What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?One answer is fear,according to Jon Wortmann,executive mental coach.We fear re