考研考博-英语-黔南民族医学高等专科学校考研模拟卷I【3套】含答案详解

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1、住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-黔南民族医学高等专科学校考研模拟卷【3套】含答案详解（图片大小可任意调节）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第一卷一.单项选择题(共100题)1.Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens-a kind of bird living on stretching grasslandsonce lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United St

2、ates.But just some 22,000 birds remain today,occupying about 16%of the specieshistoric range.The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service（USFWS）decided to formally list the bird as threatened.“The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,”said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe.S

3、ome environmentalists,however,were disappointed.They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as“endangered,”a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats.But Ashe and others argued that the“threatened”tag gave the federal government flexibility to try ou

4、t new,potentially less confrontational conservations approaches.In particular,they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments,which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95%of the prairie chickens habitat.Under the

5、plan,for example,the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill,harm,or disturb the bird,as long as they had signed a rangewide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat.Negotiated by USFWS and the states,the plan requires individuals and businesses

6、 that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat.The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat,USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual aver

7、age of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years.And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies（WAFWA）,a coalition of state agencies,the job of monitoring progress.Overall,the idea is to let“states”remain in the drivers seat for managing the species，”Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win

8、-win rhetoric Some Congress members are trying to block the plan,and at least a dozen industry groups,four states,and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court Not surprisingly,doesnt go far enough“The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same

9、 industries that are pushing it to extinction,”says biologist Jay Lininger.Lininger would most likely support_A.industry groupsB.the win-win rhetoricC.environmental groupsD.the plan under challenge答案：C 本题解析：根据题干关键词Jay Lininger可以定位到全文最后一句。这位生物学家指出，管理局的计划是在将其推向灭绝的人手里，从中可以读出他对该计划的反对之音，而前文作者曾不止一次提到生物学家和

10、环保人士的立场是认为管理局执法力度不够，不能有效保护濒危物种，可见，里宁格尔的观点应与环保人士一致，由此可知，正确答案为C。2.Text 3 There are plenty of good reasons for a young person to choose to go to university:intellectual growth,career opportunities,having fun.Governments are keen on higher education,seeing it as a means to boost social mobility and econ

11、omic growth.But they tend to overestimate the benefits and ignore the costs of expanding university education.As more young people seek degrees,the returns both to them and to governments are lower.Employers demand degrees for jobs that never required them in the past and have not become more demand

12、ing since.In a desperate attempt to stand out,students are studying even longer,and delaying work,to obtain masters degrees.Part of the usefulness of a degree is that it gives a graduate jobseeker an advantage at the expense of non-graduates.It is also a signal to employers of general qualities,such

13、 as intelligence and diligence,which someone already has in order to get into a universiry.Some professions require qualifications.But a degree is not always the best measure of the skills and knowledge needed for a job.With degrees so common,recruiters are using them as a crude way to screen applic

14、ants.Non-graduates are thus increasingly locked out of decent work.In any case,the premium counts only the winners and not the losers.Across the rich world,a third of university entrants never graduate.It is the weakest students who are drawn in as higher education expands and who are most likely to

15、 drop out.They pay fees and sacrifice earnings to study,but see little boost in their future incomes.Many school-leavers are being misled about the probable value of universitty.Governments need to offer the young a wider range of options afier school.They should start by rethinking their own hiring

16、 practices.School-leavers should be given a wider variety of ways to gain vocational skills and to demonstrate their employability in the private sector.Ifschool qualifications were made more rigorous,recruiters would be more likely to trust them as signals of ability,and less insistent on degrees.S

17、uch measures would be more efficient at developing the skills that boost productvity and should save public money.To promote social mobility,govemments would do better to direct funds to early-school education and to helping students who would benefit from university but cannot afford it.Young peopl

18、e,both rich and poor,are ill-served by the arms race in academic qualifications,in which each must study longer because that is what all the rest are doing.It is time to disarm.Govemments believe that higher education brings about_A.social benefitsB.job opportunitiesC.economic developmentD.higher in

19、comes答案：C 本题解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位到文章第一段。该段指出，政府热衷于高等教育，视之为提高社会流动性和促进经济增长的方式，故C项为正确选项。【干扰排除】由以上分析可知，A项“社会福利”、B项“就业机会”和D项“高收入”，原文均未提及，故排除。3.Text 2 Whatever happened to the death of newspaper?A year ago the end seemed near.The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already f

20、led to the Internet.Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom.Americas Federal Trade Commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers.Should they become charitable corporations?Should the state subsidize them?It will hold another meeting soon.But th

21、e discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is little sign of crisis.German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession.Even American newspapers,which inhabit the most troubled corner of the global industry,have not only survived but often returned to profit.Not the 20%pro

22、fit margins that were routine a few years ago,but profit all the same.It has not been much fun.Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard.The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007.Readers are paying more for slimmer products.Some pape

23、rs even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs.Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and,sadly for many journalists,they can be pushed further.Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses,with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers.American papers

24、 have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads.Fully 87%of their revenues came from advertising in 2008,according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation&Development（OECD）.In Japan the proportion is 35%.Not surprisingly,Japanese newspapers are much more stable.The whirlwind that swept

25、through newsrooms harmed everybody,but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspapers are least distinctive.Car and film reviewers have gone.So have science and general business reporters.Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off.Newspapers are less complete as a result.But comp

26、leteness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.Compared with their American counterparts,Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they_A.have more sources of revenueB.have more balanced newsroomsC.are less dependent on advertisingD.are less affected by readership答案：C 本题解析：细节题【命题思路】

27、这是一道局部细节题，需要根据题干的关键信息对文章的具体信息进行锁定，从而分析得出答案。【直击答案】根据题干信息美国和日本报业的对比定位到第四段。根据第四段第二、三句可知“美国报业长期依赖广告收入，这是不正常的。2008年，美国报业的广告收入占总收入的87%”。再根据第四段最后两句可知“这个比例在日本是35%。因此日本报业更加稳定也就不足为奇了。”由此，考生可以判断出日本的报业稳定是因为广告收入占总收入的比例较小，即日本报业并不太依赖广告，因此C项正确。【干扰排除】原文第四段只提及广告收入占总收入的比例，以及这个比例对整个报业稳定性的影响，但是并未提及A项收入来源，B项新闻编辑部以及D项对于读者

28、的影响，故这三项属于无中生有，均不选。4.Text 1 Every Saturday morning,at 9 am,more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park.The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad.Events are free,staffed by thousands of volunteers.Runners range from

29、 four years old to grandparents;their times range from Andrew Baddeleys world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where Londons Olympiclegacyis failing.Ten years ago on Monday,it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London.Planning documents pled

30、ged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches.The population would be fitter,healthier and produce more winners.It has not happened.The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise,by nearly 2 million in the runup to 2012but the general pop

31、ulation was growing faster.Worse,the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate.The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved.Obesity has risen among adults and children.Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed toins

32、pire a generation.The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial:Your only competitor is the clock.The ethos welcomes anybody.There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining.The Olympic bidders,by contra

33、st,wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes.The dual aim was mixed up:The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed,there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentallygrassroots,conce

34、pt as community sports associations.If there is a role for government,it should really be getting involved in providing common goodsmaking sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts,and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools.But succe

35、ssive governments have presided over selling green spaces,squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education.Instead of wordy,worthy strategies,future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive.Or at least not make them worse.The autho

36、r believes that Londons Olympiclegacyhas failed to_A.boost population growthB.promote sport participationC.improve the citys imageD.increase sport hours in schools答案：B 本题解析：根据题干关键词The author，Londons Olympiclegacy和failed定位至第二段前五句。定位段首句指出伦敦奥运会所造成的影响并不令人满意，第二、三、四句具体说明人们对伦敦奥运会的期望。第五句明确指出It has not happe

37、ned，此处与题干里的failed吻合，通过对第二、三、四句进行分析总结可知，这三句所描述的都是民众参加体育运动的具体表现，由此可知，正确答案为B。5.People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers.Some imagine that the coming work-free world

38、 will be defined by 2.：A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5，people wil

39、l simply become lazy and depressed.6，todays unemployed dont seem to be having a great time.One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans.Also，some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates

40、of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting 9 poorly-educated，middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs.Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesnt 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease.Such vi

41、sions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment.In the 13 of work，a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure.Today，the 15 of work may be a bit overblown.“Many jobs are boring

42、，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，”says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days，because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs.“When I com

43、e home from a hard days work，I often feel 18，”Danaher says，adding，“In a world in which I dont have to work，I might feel rather different”perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.11选？A.statisticallyB.occasionallyC.nec

44、essarilyD.economically答案：C 本题解析：语义衔接题。空格所在句以转折词But开头，此处应填入加强语气的副词，体现出作者论证的谨慎态度，故选C。Statistically“统计学上地”和economically“经济地，节俭地；在经济上”均为无关选项，occasionally“偶尔”不符合题意，故排除。6.Emerging in the late Sixties and reaching a peak in the Seventies,Land Art was one of a range of new forms,including Body Art,Performan

45、ce Art,Action Art and Installation Art,which pushed art beyond the traditional confines of the studio and gallery.Rather than portraying landscape,land artists used the physical substance of the land itself as their medium.The British Land Art,typified by Longs piece,was not only more domestically s

46、caled,but a lot quirkier than its American counterpart.Indeed,while you might assume that an exhibition of Land Art would consist only of records of works rather than the works themselves,Longs photograph of his work is the work.Since his“action”is in the past,the photograph is its sole embodiment.T

47、hat might seem rather an obscure point,but it sets the tone for an exhibition that contains a lot of blackandwhite photographs and relatively few natural objects.Long is Britains bestknown Land Artist and his Stone Circle,a perfect ring of purplish rocks from Portishead beach laid out on the gallery

48、 floor,represents the elegant,rarefied side of the form.The Boyle Family,on the other hand,stands for its dirty,urban aspect.Comprising artists Mark Boyle and Joan Hills and their children,they recreated random sections of the British landscape on gallery walls.Their Olaf Street Study,a square of br

49、ickstrewn waste ground,is one of the few works here to embrace the commonplaceness that characterises most of our experience of the landscape most of the time.Parks feature,particularly in the earlier works,such as John Hilliards very funny Across the Park,in which a longhaired stroller is variously

50、 smiled at by a pretty girl and unwittingly assaulted in a sequence of images that turn out to be different parts of the same photograph.Generally however British land artists preferred to get away from towns,gravitating towards landscapes that are traditionally considered beautiful such as the Lake

51、 District or the Wiltshire Downs.While it probably wasnt apparent at the time,much of this work is permeated by a spirit of romantic escapism that the likes of Wordsworth would have readily understood.Derek Jarmans yellowtinted film Towards Avebury,a collection of long,mostly still shots of the Wilt

52、shire landscape,evokes a tradition of English landscape painting stretching from Samuel Palmer to Paul Nash.In the case of Hamish Fulton,you cant help feeling that the Scottish artist has simply founda way of making his love of walking pay.A typical work,such as Seven Days,consists of a single beaut

53、iful blackandwhite photograph taken on an epic walk,with the mileage and number of days taken listed beneath.British Land Art as shown in this well selected,but relatively modestly scaled exhibition wasnt about imposing on the landscape,more a kind of landscapeorientated light conceptual art created

54、 passing through.It had its origins in the great outdoors,but the results were as gallerybound as the paintings of Turner and Constable.Towards Avebury_A.originates from a long walk that the artist tookB.illustrates a kind of landscape-orientated light conceptual artC.reminds people of the English l

55、andscape painting traditionD.represents the elegance of the British land artE.depicts the ordinary si答案：C 本题解析：特征词对比根据题干中的关键词定位到第六段第三句话。这句话的主干部分Towards Aveburyevokes a tradition of English landscape painting所表达的意思是走向埃夫伯里石唤起了人们对英国山风景画传统的记忆。从同义替换的角度来看，C项的reminds对应原文中的evokes，English landscape painting

56、tradition对应原文中的a tradition of English landscape painting。7.Text 2It cant be that every annual salary negotiation makes it a strain just to begin the school year,said President Cristina Ferndndez de Kirchner during a speech to Congress on March lst.Yes it can.Strikes ihis week delayed the stan of cla

57、sses in 19 0f Argentinas 24 districts,after provincial unions and govemments failed to reach agreements about wage rises.Negotiations between the national government and federal unions,which are meant to set a minimum benchmark for the provinces,also foundered.With some unions demanding more than 40

58、%hikes,the national govemment and Buenos Airess provincial government,the most influential negotiators,offered increases of just 22%and 25.5%Lhis year respectively.The unions called the proposalsa provocation.Tension had been expected.The teachersunions want salary rises above Argentinas galloping i

59、nflaLion rate.Since the start of the year the government has devalued the Argentine peso by over 20%,causing inflation expectations to spike.According Lo Eduardo Levy Yeyati of Elypsis,a consultancy,prices are expected to jump by 32qo this year.And now that the government has started publishing more

60、 realistic data,it cannot simply pretend the problem of rising prices does not exist.The teachersunions have a strong hand.In December provincial police squeezed 35%-100%pay increases out of their employers.Public-sector employees are noL fearful of losing their jobs.Strikes give unions the power to

61、 cause widespread chaos.But the government cannot afford to concede too much ground.The negotiations with the teachers will set a precedent for salary talks with other uruons scheduled for later this month and Apnl.To ensure that inflation does not continue to accelerate,the authorities need to curb

62、 real wages.Budgetary considerations also play their part.According to Economfa&Regiones,a research group,if the provinces were to grant 30%raises to their 2m employees,that would double their collective fiscal deficit,That may nonetheless be what happens.In the five jurisdictions that were able to

63、reach accords,the teachers and the provinces agreed to increases of around 30%.That wouldnt do much to bring down inflation,but it would at least help keep it from skyrocketinS.And it would mean the school year can begin.According to Paragraph 2,people went on strike because_A.the govemment refused

64、to raise their salaryB.local unionsdemand for wage rise was not metC.unions and schools could not reach agreementsD.the nation could not set a standard for the provinces答案：B 本题解析：细节题。根据strike-词定位到第二段第一句：Strikes.after provincial unions and govemments failed to reach agreements aboutWage rises.原文after之后的内容说明了罢丁的原因，是因为“省工会和政府未能就加薪达成一致”。选项A“政府拒绝涨薪”是错误的，原文并未提到政府拒绝，只是数额未达成共识，故A可以排除。选项B“地方工会的加薪要求没得到满足”与原文基本一致，其中not met替换了fail to reach agreements，故该项正确。选项c“工会和学校未达成共识”显然是把原文的govemmenl-词偷换概念了，故错误。选项D“国家未能为各省设定标准”与答案来源句无关，也是错误选项。故本题答案为B。8.Text 3 Disruption