考研考博-英语-营口理工学院考研模拟卷I【3套】含答案详解

《考研考博-英语-营口理工学院考研模拟卷I【3套】含答案详解》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考研考博-英语-营口理工学院考研模拟卷I【3套】含答案详解（172页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-营口理工学院考研模拟卷【3套】含答案详解（图片大小可任意调节）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第一卷一.单项选择题(共100题)1.Text 2 Marion Nesdes he8vyweight criticism against Coca-Cola and PepsiCo comes at an odd moment for the industry.Americans are drinking fewer sugary sodas-in 2012 production was 23%below what it had been a de

2、cade earlier.Even sales of diet drinks are losing their fizz,as consumers question.the merits of artificial sweeteners.From one angle,it would seem that health advocates such as Ms Nestle have won.Yet in America companies still produce 30 gallons of regular fizzy drinks per person per year.In many c

3、ounLries,particularly developing ones,consumpLion is on the rise.Ms Nestle,a professor at New York Universily,is both inspired by recent progress and dissatisfied with it.That is no surlmse.Her first book,Food Politics,remains a bible for those who complain about the power of food companies.In her n

4、ew book she atiacks the industrys most widely consumed,least healthy product.Soda Poluics,she says,is a bookto inspire readers to action.As a rallying cry,it is verbose.When readers leam on page 238 that she will pick up a panicular subject in chapter 25,it is with no litde dismay that they realize

5、they are only on chapter 17.But what the author wanis most is to craft a detailed guide to the producersalleged violation,and how to stop them.Ms Nesde says she would have no complaint with sweet fizzy drinks if they were sipped occasionally,as a treat.However,for millions of people in many counUies

6、,they are not.In Mexico companies sold 372 cans of fizzy drinks per person in 2012.About half of Americans do not dnnk them Rgularly,but those who do are disproportionately poor,less educaled,male,Hispanic or black.10%of Americans down more than four cans a day.Drinking a lot of sweet fizzy drinks i

7、s plainly unhealthy.Unlike a Big Mac,they have no nutritional value;nor do their calories satisfy hunger.One large study found that for each can added to a persons daily diet,the risk of diabeies jumped by 22%.There are also links beLween sugar and heart disease,stroke and cancer.Drinking lots of so

8、das imposes clear costs on individuals,Ms Nestle argues,but it has a broader cost,too.American taxpayers subsidize corn production and let the poor use government food vouchers to buy fizzy drinks.More important,taxpayers foot the health biU for those who develop chronic disease.In the book Soda Pol

9、itics,Marion Nesde_A.called for food companies to adopt some measuresB.criticized the food industry and the unwise consumersC.called on consumers to take action against unhealthy foodD.intended to write a detailed guide to the producersviolation答案：C 本题解析：细节题。根据关键词Soda PolUics定位到第二段：Soda Polirics，she

10、 says，is a book“to inspire readers to action”其中she指代Marion Nestle，故答案句为：to inspire readers to action“激励读者采取行动”。该句上一句提到：In her new book she attacks the industry8 most widely consumed，least healthy product.综合两句我们知道Marion Nesde鼓励读者对不健康食品采取行动。选项Acalled for food comparues to adopt some measures“号召食品公司采取一

11、些措施”：该项与答案句inspire readersto action毫无关系，文章强调读者消费者采取行动，而非食品公司，该项属于偷换概念。Bcriticized the food industry and the unwise consumers“批判食品行业和不明智的消费者”；文章提到she attacks the industrys most widely consumed，least healthy product，但是并没有提到Nestle批判消费者，后半句纯属无中生有。Ccalled on consumers to take action against unhealihy foo

12、d“呼吁消费者对不健康食品采取行动”；该项与答案句inspire readerstoaction相符。其中called on“呼吁”=inspire“鼓励”；consumers“消费者”=readers“读者”；take action“采取行动”=action“行动”。故该项表述正确。Dintended to write a detailed guide to the producersviolation“打算写下有关生产商过失的详细指南”；该项与答案句无关，故排除。综上本题选择C。2.Text 1 Denmark is once again distinguishing itself in

13、the race against food waste-this time,with a supermarket hawking items once destined for the trash bin.Those items might include treats for a holiday that happened last week,a ripped box of comflakes,plain white rice mislabeled as basmati,or anything nearing its expiration date.In other words,perfec

14、tly edible items that are nonetheless considered unfit for salc by the retailers and manufacturers who donate them.WeFood is not the first grocer in Europe to sell surplus food.But unlike so-calledsocial supermarkets-stores which serve almosL exclusively low-income people-WeFoods offerings are very

15、intentionally aimed at the general public.High-income families will also choose WeFood for its environmental-friendly conception.The stores goods are priced 30 t0 50 percent lower than those in regular supermarkets,according to WeFood.The store has already been a huge success,attracting large number

16、s of customers.People have lined up before the stores opening every moming since its launch on Monday.But is this food safe to eat?Safety is always the first concern coming up to your mind.Well,thesell bydate you see on many products actually refers to its freshness-not whether or not its going to d

17、o you any harm.In many cases,food thats beyond this date wont be as fresh as it once was but is still perfectly edible.The food might have not yet gone bad when thesell bydate expires.Of course you should still be careful to avoid eating food thats gone off,but you might find you dont have to throw

18、away as much as you think you do.Denmark throws away about 700,000 tons of food every year,according to several estimates.In fact,food waste is a major problem for the whole world.Some 795 million people are undemourished globally,according to the World Food Program.Yet about a third of all food pro

19、duced in the world-some l.3 billion tons-is wasted each year,according to the United Nations.The cost of global food wastage is about$1 trillion a year.All of the stores proceeds will go to DanChurchAids work in developing nations like South Sudan and Bangladesh.We can learn from the World Food Prog

20、ram that_A.people should donate food to developing countriesB.we should avoid dumping surplus foodC.more WeFood grocers are needed to help the poorD.about one tenth of the population in the world are malnourished答案：D 本题解析：推理判断题。根据定位词定位到最后一段。该段中世界粮食计划署提到约有7.95亿人营养不良（undemourished），所以D项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A项，

21、文中没有提到这个建议，文章中给出的只是世界粮食计划署提供的信息；最后一段中提到“三分之一（即13亿吨）被浪费掉了”，但这是联合国的信息，故B项不正确；最后一句提到“我们食铺”将会把收入捐给“丹麦教会援助社”，但没有提到会建立更多的类似“我们食铺”的商铺，所以C项不正确。3.Being a good parent is,of course,what every parent would like to be.But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very_1_,particularly since childr

22、en respond differently to the same style of parenting.A calm,rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than,_2_,a younger sibling._3_,theres another sort of parent thats a bit easier to_4_:a patient parent.Children of every age benefit from patient parenting.Still,_5

23、_every parent would like to be patient,this is no easy_6_.Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a_7_and composed style with their kids.I understand this.Youre only human,and sometimes your kids can_8_you just a little too far.And then the_9_happens:You lose your p

24、atience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too_10_and does nobody any good.You wish that you could_11_the clock and start over.Weve all been there._12_,even though its common,its important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue,you can say something to your ch

25、ild that you may_13_for a long time.This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also_14_your childs self-esteem.If you consistently lose your_15_with your kids,then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids.We are all becoming increasingly awar

26、e of the_16_of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation.This is a skill that will help them all throughout life.In fact,the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when_17_by stress is one of the most important of all lifes skills.Certainly,its incredibly_18_t

27、o maintain patience at all times with your children.A more practical goal is to try,to the best of your ability,to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with_19_situations involving your children.I can promise you this:As a result of working toward this goal,you and your children will be

28、nefit and_20_from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.17选？A.cheatedB.defeatedC.confusedD.confronted答案：D 本题解析：本题考查动宾搭配，根据本题语境，“事实上，在.压力时情绪调节或维持情绪控制的能力是所有生活技能中最重要的一项”，压力前面应该搭配“面对”故选择confronted其他的cheated欺骗，defeated打败，confused困惑均不符合。4.Recognizing when a friend or colleague feels

29、sad,angry or surprised is key to getting along with orhers.1 a new study suggests that a skill for listening in on feelings may sometimes come with an extra dose of stress.This and other research 2 the prevailing view that emotional intelligence is uniformly 3 to its bearer.In a study published in t

30、he September 2016 issue of E7notion,psychologists Myriam Bechtoldt and Vanessa Schneider asked 166 male university students a series of questions to 4 their emotional smarts.5,they showed the students photographs of peoples faces ancl askecl them 6 what extent feelings such as happiness or disgust w

31、ere being expressed.The students 7 had to give job talks in front of judges displaying stern facial expressions.The scientists measured concentrations of the stress hormone cortisol in the studentssaliva before and after the talk.In students who were 8 more emotionally intelligent,the stress measure

32、s increased more during the experiment and took 9 to go back to baseline.The 10 suggest that some people may be too emotionally clever for their own good,says Hillary Anger Elfenbein,a professor of organizational behavior at Washington University in St.Louis.Sometimes you can be so good at something

33、 11 it causes trouble,she notes.Indeed,the study adds to previous research hinting at a（n）12 side of emotional intelligence.A study published in 2002 in Personalr.t,y and Individual Di f ferences suggested that emotionally 13 people might be particularly 14 to feelings of depression and hopelessness

34、.15,several studies,including one published in 2013 in PLOS ONE,have implied that emotional intelligence can be used to manipulate others for personal 16.More research is needed to see how exactly the relation between emotional intelligence and stress woulcl 17 0ut in women anclin people 18 differen

35、t ages and education levels.19,emotional intelligence is a useful skill to have,as long as you learn to also properly 20 emotions-both othersand your own.2选？A.challengeB.compromiseC.acceptD.confirm答案：A 本题解析：本题考查上下文语义十动词词义辨析。This指代上句新研究，故空格处考查“新研究及其他研究”与“普遍观点”之间的关系。前两句已经表明两者是互斥关系故A.符合文意。compromise表“违

36、背达不到”时，常接“原则”或“（设置的）标准”，而空格后为“观点看法”；表“使受到怀疑”时，其中原因往往是主语的行为不明智，排除B.。5.Millions of Americans and foreigners see G.I.Joe as a mindless war toy,the symbol of American military adventurism,but thats not how it used to be.To the men and women who 1 in World Warand the people they liberated,the G.I.was the

37、 2 man grown into hero,the poor farm kid torn away from his home,the guy who 3 all the burdens of battle,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4 of food and shelter,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder.This was not a volunteer soldier,not someone well paid,5 an average

38、guy up 6 the best trained,best equipped,fiercest,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name isnt much.GI.is just a military abbreviation 7.Government Issue,and it was on all of the articles 8 to soldiers.And Joe?A common name for a guy who never 9 it to the top.Joe Blow,Joe Palooka.Joe Magrac.a

39、working class name.The United States has 10 had a president or vice-president or secretary of state Joe.G.I.Joe had a 11 career fighting German,Japanese,and Korean troops.He appears as a character.or a 12 of American personalities,in the 1945 movie The Story of G.I.Joe,based on the last days of war

40、correspondent Emie Pyle.Some of the soldiers Pyle 13 portrayed themselves in the film.Pyle was famous for covering the 14 side of the war,writing about the dirt-snow-and-mud soldiers not how many miles were 15 or what towns were captured or liberated.His reports 16 the“Willie”cartoons of famed Stars

41、 and Stripes artist Bill Maulden.Both men 17 the dirt and exhaustion of war,the 18 of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians:coffee,tobacco,whiskey,shelter,sleep.19 Egypt,France,and a dozen more countries,G.I.Joe was any American soldier,20 the most important person

42、in their lives.7选？A.meaningB.implyingC.symbolizingD.claiming答案：A 本题解析：本空格所在句是G.I.is just a military abbreviation 7 Government Issue。military abbreviation意为“军事用语缩写”，可推断出Government Issue是G.I.的全称。由选项可知，该空语法结构是动词ing形式作定语，修饰空格前面部分。根据题意应选A项。【命题思路】该题考查近义词辨析。此类题占的比例比较大，需要考生平时多积累。【干扰排除】Government Issue是对G.I.

43、的解释说明，既无象征意思也无隐含意思。所以B项和C项排除。D项意为“声称”，放在这里意思不符，也排除。C项是强干扰项，但symbolize强调象征意义。例：The fall of the Berlin Wall symbolized the end of the Cold War between East and West.柏林墙的倒塌象征着东西方冷战的结束。6.The Internet affords anonymity to its users,a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech.But that very anonymity is al

44、so behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3?Last month,Howard Schmidt,the nations cyber-czar,offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a“voluntary trusted identity

45、”system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key,a fingerprint and a photo ID card,all rolled 6 one.The system might use a smart identity card,or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer.and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private o

46、nline identity systems.User could 9 which system to join,and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems.The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet drivers license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that a

47、lready have these“single sign-on”systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12.the approach would create a“walled garden”n cyberspace,with safe“neighborhoods”and bright“streetlights”to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr.Schmidt described it as a“volun

48、tary ecosystem”in which“individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”.Still,the administrations plan has 16 privacy rights activists.Some applaud the approach;others

49、 are concerned.It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet“drives license”mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts,who worry that the“voluntary ecosystem”envisioned by Mr.Schmidt would still leave muc

50、h of the Internet 19.They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves,in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.5选？A.informationB.interferenceC.entertainmentD.equivalent答案：D 本题解析：词义辨析【直击答案】本空格所在句是a“voluntary trusted identity”system that

51、 would be the hightech 5 of a physical key,a fingerprint and a photo ID card。根据本句已给出信息，可判断出这个“自愿身份识别系统”就相当于一把钥匙、一个指纹、一个身份证，故本题答案为D项equivalent“相等物”。【命题思路】该题考查词义辨析和语义逻辑。【干扰排除】该整句是上文a safer place的同位语。如果考生不理解该句表达的真正意思，很容易会选择A项“高科技信息”。但是该句中that引导的是一个定语从句，修饰system，所以应选D项“的等价物”，即“相当于”。7.Madrid was hailed a

52、s a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars.Seven months and one election day later,a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone,a first step toward its possible demise.Mayor Jose Luis Martinez-Almeida mad

53、e opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign,despite its success in improving air quality.A judge has now overruled the citys decision to stop levying fines,ordering them reinstated.But with legal battles ahead,the zones future looks uncertain at best.Among other weaknesses,the me

54、asures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically contentious,and therefore vulnerable.That s because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers一who must pay fees or buy better vehicles一rather than on to the car manufacturers whose c

55、heating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.Its not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London.The new ultra-low emission zone（Ulez）is likely to be a big issue in next years mayoral election.And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in 2021 as he in

56、tends,it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.Its not that measures such as Londons Ulez are useless.Far from it.Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residentshealth in the face of a serious thre

57、at.The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality,and the science tells us that means real health benefits-fewer heart attacks,strokes and premature births,less cancer,dementia and asthma.Fewer untimely deaths.But mayors and councillors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger t

58、han any one city or town.They are acting because national governments一Britain s and others across Europe-have failed to do so.Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas-city centres,。school streets,even individual roads-are a response to the absence of a larger effort to prope

59、rly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance.Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimise pollution.We re doing everything but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars.Who does the author think should have addressed the problem

60、?A.Local residentsB.MayorsC.CouncilorsD.National governments答案：D 本题解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干信息，问的是作者的具体观点。定位到第六段：But mayors and councillors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town.They are acting because national governments-Britains and others across Europe-hav

61、e failed to do so.但是市长和议员们只能对一个比任何一个城市或城镇都大得多的问题做这么多的工作。他们之所以采取行动，是因为英国和欧洲其他国家的政府未能做到这一点。正确答案D National governments作者认为国家政府应该解决这个问题，与原文内容一致。选项A的Local residents当地居民，定位段并未提到，属于无中生有。选项B和C的mayors and councillors出现在定位句，但是与原文内容相反，属于正反混淆。8.Many experts believe that in the new world of artificial intelligen

62、ce（AI）human beings will still be needed to do the jobs that require higher-order critical,creative,and innovative thinking and the jobs that require high emotional engagement to meet the needs of other human beings.The 1 for many of us is that we do not excel at those skills because of our natural c

63、ognitive and emotional tendencies:We are confirmation-seeking thinkers and ego-affirmation-seeking defensive reasoners.We will need to overcome those tendencies 2 take our thinking,listening,relating,and collaborating skills to a much higher level.This process of_3 begins with changing our definitio

64、n of what it means tobe smart.4.many of us have achieved success 5 beingsmarterthan other people as 6 by grades and test scores,beginning in our early days in school.AI will change that because there is no 7 any human being can outsmart,8.,lBMs Watson,at least without augmentation.Smart machines can process,9,and recall information faster and better than we humans.10,AI can pattern-match faster and produce a wider array of alternatives than we can.AI can even learn fasrer.In an age of smart machines,our old definiti