考研考博-英语-武夷学院考研模拟卷I【3套】含答案详解

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1、住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-武夷学院考研模拟卷【3套】含答案详解（图片大小可任意调节）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第一卷一.单项选择题(共100题)1.Text 4 The two-year degree is back.The idea of increased flexibility in higher education is,in the broadest sense,a good one.But it is a sign of how captured we have been by market-centric thinking thatflexibil

2、ity,to this government,is manifested assqueeze the same amount into a shorter period of time to maximise your financial returns later.The sector has undergone acatastropheas part-time student numbers have collapsed;that the governments response is a degree format-the polar opposite of part-time-is i

3、ndicative of its approach to governance in generaL For most demographics whose access to higher education is restricted,condensing the course doesnt address the barriers theyre facing.If youre balancing employment and childcare with a full-time education,especially if youre relying on sketchy public

4、 transport infrastructure,its unrealistic to squeeze any more into your schedule.Many universities currently structure their courses around the reality that many students work,at least part-time,while studying.None of this is to mention those with disabilities who may face additional barriers to acc

5、ess.There are no doubt some-the independently wealthy,for example-who may benefit,but it seems perverse that these people should be the focus of a major policy change.Troublingly,we seem to have fully accepted the shift from education as a social good to a product sold to students on grounds of high

6、er earnings in the job market.Often,the grand promises of access to employment dont hold up.The labour market has been increasingly casualised andhollowed out,with a gap emerging between the skilled andunskilled.Progression through the ranks is vanishing,with a degree becoming a requirement for all

7、sorts of jobs beyond simply those with high wages.Even beyond the gap between the promise and reality,though,lies a philosophical flaw with the current approach.The two-year degree,in and of itself,is neither a good nor a bad thing.For some people it will be a positive,for the majority of others an

8、irrelevance.What is troubling is what it represents about how Britains political establishment sees education.It fits well into the reductive free-market philosophy,where every aspect of life can be sold as a commodity.A government that sees the price of everything and the value of nothing will inev

9、itably be drawn to the idea of squeezing maximum output into minimum time.A government that really wanted to make higher education more flexible,open and accessible would be exploring options that made sense for those with restricted access.There is no evidence,though,that this government thinks the

10、 choice between being stuck in a low-wage hellscape or taking on thousands of pounds in debt to play a roulette wheel with better odds is a bad thing.The days of education policies that address none of the problems with education are far from overWhich of the following is true of education?A.The ide

11、a of education as a social good is fadingB.It brings higher earnings in the job market than ever beforeC.It widens the gap between the skilled and the unskilledD.It increasingly consolidates the social hierarchical system答案：A 本题解析：【信息锁定】第三段句指出：教育已经从“社会福利”转变为”向学生出售的商品”，由此可见，教育曾经被视为一项社会福利，现如今，这种观念在逐渐消

12、失，故A.正确。【解题技巧】B.将第三段句所述当前教育理念转变的理由“能在就业市场上找到更高收入的工作”视为事实，而句“美好承诺不等于现实”实则对此予以了反驳；C.、D.均强拽因果关联，第三段末两句“熟练工与非熟练工之间出现差距”、“阶层之间的晋升正在消逝”均是用以说明当前劳动力市场实际发生的变化，从而说明教育并非真正能够带来更高的收入（而非说明教育导致了这两种后果）。2.The Internet affords anonymity to its users,a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech.But that very anonymity

13、is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3?Last month,Howard Schmidt,the nations cyber-czar,offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a“voluntary trusted ide

14、ntity”system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key,a fingerprint and a photo ID card,all rolled 6 one.The system might use a smart identity card,or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer.and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of priv

15、ate online identity systems.User could 9 which system to join,and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems.The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet drivers license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies t

16、hat already have these“single sign-on”systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12.the approach would create a“walled garden”n cyberspace,with safe“neighborhoods”and bright“streetlights”to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr.Schmidt described it as a“

17、voluntary ecosystem”in which“individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”.Still,the administrations plan has 16 privacy rights activists.Some applaud the approach;o

18、thers are concerned.It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet“drives license”mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts,who worry that the“voluntary ecosystem”envisioned by Mr.Schmidt would still leav

19、e much of the Internet 19.They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves,in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.13选？A.trustedB.modernizedC.thrivingD.competing答案：A 本题解析：词义辨析【直击答案】本空格所在句是with safe“neighborhoods”and bright“streetlight

20、s”to establish a sense of a 13 community.本题所需填入一个形容词，用来修饰其后面的community“社区”。根据空格前所给出的信息，safe“neighborhoods”and bright“streetlights”，再联系上文信息walled garden，可判断出所创建的是一个安全的、可信任的环境，故答案为A项trusted“可信任的”。【命题思路】该题考查的是词义辨析。【干扰排除】该题的其他选项干扰不大，本文全篇都在讨论安全的网络环境，故选择A项。3.The Internet affords anonymity to its users,a b

21、lessing to privacy and freedom of speech.But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3?Last month,Howard Schmidt,the nations cyber-czar,offered the federal gov

22、ernment a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a“voluntary trusted identity”system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key,a fingerprint and a photo ID card,all rolled 6 one.The system might use a smart identity card,or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer.and would authenticate users at

23、 a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems.User could 9 which system to join,and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems.The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet drivers licens

24、e 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these“single sign-on”systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12.the approach would create a“walled garden”n cyberspace,with safe“neighborhoods”and bright“streetlights”to

25、establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr.Schmidt described it as a“voluntary ecosystem”in which“individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”.Still,the administrations

26、 plan has 16 privacy rights activists.Some applaud the approach;others are concerned.It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet“drives license”mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts,who worry that

27、the“voluntary ecosystem”envisioned by Mr.Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19.They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves,in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.18选？A.skepticismB.relevanceC.indifferenceD.enthusiasm答

28、案：A 本题解析：词义辨析【直击答案】本空格所在句是The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts.解答本题，定语从句中worry一词是关键“一些网络安全专家仍有所担忧”。故本题答案为A项skepticism“怀疑”，表达含义为“一些网络安全专家仍旧对这一计划持怀疑态度。”【命题思路】该题考查的是词义辨析，需要结合下文来确定答案。【干扰排除】其他选项代入句中与上下文意思不符。with tolerance“忍耐地”，with indifference“漠不关心地”，with enthusiasm“热

29、情地”。4.Text 4 The Big Mac index is built on the idea of purchasing-power parity,the theory that in the long run currencies will converge until the same amount of money buys the same amount of goods and services in every country.A Big Mac cunently costs$5.06 in America but just 10.75 lira（$2.75）in Tur

30、key,implying that the lira is undenalued.However,ot:her currencies are even cheaper.In Big Mac tenns,the Mexican peso is underval-ued by 55.9%against the greenback.Last week it also hit a record low as Mr Trump restated some of his campaign threats against Mexico.The peso has lost a tenth of iLs val

31、ue against the dollar since November.Of big countries,only Russia offers a cheaper Big Mac,in dollar terms,even though the rouble has strengthened over the past year.The euro zone is also prey to political uncerLainty.Elections are scheduled this year in the Netherlands,France and Germany,and possib

32、le in Italy.The euro recently fell to its lowest level since 2003.Britains Brexit vote has had an even bigger effect on the pound,which has fallen to$1.21,a 31-year low.According to the Big Mac index,the euro and the pound are undervalued against the dollar by 19.7%and 26.3%,respectively.One of the

33、drawbacks of the Big Mac index is that it takes no account of labour costs.It should surprise no one that a Big Mac costs less in Shanghai than it does in San Francisco,since Chinese workers eam far less than their American counterparts.So in a slightly more sophisticated version of the Big Mac inde

34、x,we take account of a countrys average income.Hisiorically,this adjustment has tended to raise currenciesvaluations against the dollar,so emerging-market currencies tend to look more reasonably priced.The Chinese yuan,for example,is 44%undervalued against the doUar according to our baseline Big Mac

35、 index,but only 7%according to the adjusted one.The deluxe Big Mac index has typically made rich-world currencies look more expensive.Because western Europeans have higher costs of Iiving and lower incomes than Americans,the euro has traded at around a 25%premium against the dollar in income-adjuste

36、d burger terms since Lhe euros inception.But what once seemed to be a constant truth of burgemomics is true no longer.So strong is the dollar Lhat even the adjusted Big Mac index finds the euro undenalued.The dollar is now Uading at a 14-year high in trade-weighted terms.Emerging-world economies may

37、 struggle to pay off dollar denominated debts.American firms may find themselves at a disadvantage agzunst foreign competition.And American tourists will get more burgers for their buck in Europe.Which of the following is the best iitle for the text?A.Big Mac Index:Lhe Undervalued CurrenciesB.Big Ma

38、c Index:Lhe Underestimated DoIJarsC.Big Mac Index:the Declining EconomiesD.Big Mac Index:Dollars VS Euros答案：A 本题解析：主旨题。ABig Mac Index:the Undervalued Currencies“巨无霸指数：被低估的货币”；BBig Mac Index:the Underestimated Dollars“巨无霸指数：被低估的美元”；CBig Mac Index:the Declining Economies“巨无霸指数：衰退的经济”；DBig Mac Index:Do

39、Uars VS Euros“巨无霸指数：美元对欧元”。文章首段尾句提到the lira is undervalued；第二段首句提到However,other currencies are even cheaper.In Big Mac terms,the Mexican peso is undervalued.下文反复提到各种货币价值被低估，故A项符合文章主旨大意。B错在underestimated dollars，文章讨论各种货币价值被低估，而美元很强势；C错在declining economies文章强调货币价值被低估，而不是经济衰退；D过于片面，文章第三段、第五段和第六段都提到欧元与美

40、元的比较，因此该项可以排除。综上，本题答案为A。5.Text 1The love of money,St Paul memorably wrote to his protege Timothy,is the root of all evil.Allmay be putting it a bit strongly,but dozens of psychological studies have indeed shown that people primed to think about money before an experiment are more likely to lie,cheat

41、 and steal during the course of that experiment.Another well-known aphorism,ascribed to Benjamin Franklin,istime is money.If true,that suggests a syllogism:that the love of time is a root of evil,too.But a paperjust published in Psychological Science by Francesca Gino of Harvard and Cassie Mogilner

42、of the University of Pennsylvania suggests precisely the opposite.Dr Gino and Dr Mogilner asked a group of volunteers to do a scries of what appeared to be aptitude tests.As is ofien the case in such experiments,though,what the voiunteers were told.and what the truth was,were rather different things

43、.In the first test they were asked to make,within three minutes,as many coherent sentences as they could out of a set ofwords they had been presented with.What they were not told was that each of them had been assigned to one of three groups.Some volunteersword sets were seeded with ones associated

44、with money,such asdollars,financingandspend.Some were seeded with words associated with time（eg,clock,/hours,moment）.And some were seeded with neither.Thus unknowingly primed,the volunteers were ready for the second test.This was mathematical.They were given a sheet of paper with 20 matrices which e

45、ach contained 12 numbers.two of which added up to ten（for example,3.81 and 6.19）.They had to write down,on a separate answer sheet,how many of these pairs they could manage to find in five minutes.They were also given a packet ofmoney and told they could reward themselves with a dollar for each pair

46、 they discovered.This led Dr Gino and Dr Mogilner to suspect that self-reflection played a part in controlling uncthical behaviour during the test.They therefore conducted a third test in which,for half the volunteers,there was a mirror in the cubicle they were sitting in when doing the experiment.V

47、olunteers primed to think about money cheated 39%of the time when a mirror was present but 67%when it was not.Those primed to think about time cheated 32%of the time in the presence of the mirror and 36%in its absence-results that are statistically indistinguishable.Finally,a fourth experiment asked

48、 primed volunteers to fill in a questionnaire before tackling the matrix.In amongfillerquestions intended to disguise what was happening this asked them to rate how they felt about self-reflective statements like,Right now,1 am thinking about who I am as a person.As in the previous tests,those prime

49、d with money words cheated more ofien than those primed with neutral words and far more ofien than those primed with time words.But whether someone cheated was also related to how strongly he felt about the self-reflective statements presented to him in the questionnaire.It seems,then,that thinking

50、about time has the opposite effect on people from thinking about money.It makes them more honest than normal,rather than less so.Moreover,the more reflective they are,the more honest they become.There must be an aphorism in that.The authors attitude towards the conclusion of the experiment is.A.disa

51、pprovalB.suspiciousC.supportiveD.certain答案：C 本题解析：态度方向题。解决该题目的关键是要找到段落中作者态度的标志，最后一段是作者的最终结论，该段落表明时间观念与金钱观念对人们所产生的影响是截然不同的。由此可见，作者的态度是积极的，故C项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A项disapproval“反对”、B项suspicious“怀疑”、D项certain“确定”都不能体现出作者支持的态度。6.The government has been forced into a humiliating overhaul of employment tribunal fe

52、es after the supreme court ruled they were inconsistent with access to justice.The highest UK court came clown in favour of the trade union Unison,which argued that fees of up to$1,200 were preventing workers-especially those on lower incomes-from getting justice.Unisons general secretary,Dave Prent

53、is,said it was a major victory for employees.Unprincipled employers no longer have the upper hand,he said.The general secretary of the Trades Union Congress,Frances OGrady,said:This is a massive win for working people.Too many low-paid workers couldnt afford to uphold their rights at work,even when

54、they have faced harassment or have been sacked unfairly.Tribunal fees have been a bonanza for bad bosses,giving them free rein to mistreat staff.Any fees paid so far should be refunded as soon as possible.Prof Nicole Busby,the acting head of the law school at the University of Strathclyde,said it wa

55、sa very good day for access to justice.Business leaders expressed concern about the court ruling.Seamus Nevin,head of employment and Skills Policy at the Institute of Directors,said the judgementopens the door to a rise in unreasonable or malicious claims.He said:Since fees were introduced,the gover

56、nment has imposed crude and potentially misleading gender pay reporting requirements,and an immigration skills charge that incentivises recruitment based on place of birth.Both of these could lead to an increase in unjustified claims.Mike Spicer,director of Research at the British Chambers of Commer

57、ce,said the ruling would leaveemployers concerned about a return to the past,when despite winning the majority of cases,companies would often settle to avoid a costly and lengthy process even when their case was strong.Gillian Guy,the chief executive of Citizens Advice,said:Employment tribunal fees

58、have been a huge barrier to justice,but they are not the only challenge people face.What your rights are,and how to go about getting compensation without resorting to an employment tribunal remains a very complicated picture,which is why were calling on the government to create a single fair work au

59、thority to make it easier for people to get the rights theyre entitled to by clamping down on unlawful business practice.Shoaib Khan.a human rights lawyer,said:The government has wasted precious public funcls on implementing this unlawful,discriminatory regime,and all fees it has received will have

60、to be refunded,at further public cost.A large amount will also have been spent defending this case all the way to the supreme court.If this cruel scheme was meant to be an additional source of revenue for the government,then ir has proved to be counterproductive in every way.Tim Forer,a partner in t

61、he employment law team at the national law firm Blake Morgan,said estimates of how much the government owed ranged from 27m t0 31m.He said the praciicalities of how the government planned to refund peopleremain to be seen,and it is nor clear how much it witl cost.Mike Spicer pointed out thatA.employ

62、ers no longer had an advantage over employeesB.the ruling could bring about an increase in unjustified laimsC.employment tribunal fees prevented many workers on lower incomes from defending their rights in the workplaceD.out that the apprenticeship levy did not work well and would deter the governme

63、nt from hitting its 2020 apprenticeship targetE.believed that apprentices were being treated as cheap labour and not getting quality training on the jobF.indicated that increased levy flexibility was vital for businesses to fund a wider range of trainingG.companies would tend to settle to avoid goin

64、g to court like they used to do答案：G 本题解析：根据题干Mike Spicer定位到第七段。本段中Spicer传达了雇主的担忧：可能又像过去一样，企业为了避免陷入昂贵、漫长的诉讼而往往选择和解。G是对这一内容的概括，settle t。avoicl going to court对应settle to avoid a costly and lengthy process，like they used to do对应a return to the past。7.Text l The outrage surrounding Donald Trumps decision to withdraw from the 2015 Paris Agreement is understandable.But no matter how much the President huffs and puffs,his views will go the way of some of the previous victims of climate change:the dinosaurs.We should not dismiss the measures and targets which the Paris Agreement looked to put