2019高考英语 短文改错解题指导课件

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1、李仕才 短文改错题考查学生发现和纠正错短文改错题考查学生发现和纠正错误的能力。这种题型不仅要求学生牢固误的能力。这种题型不仅要求学生牢固掌握一定的词汇和语法知识，还要求学掌握一定的词汇和语法知识，还要求学生具有一定的阅读理解和逻辑思维能力。生具有一定的阅读理解和逻辑思维能力。学生在平时写作中容易出现的错误是短学生在平时写作中容易出现的错误是短文改错题考查的重点。文改错题考查的重点。第一步：通读全文第一步：通读全文,了解大意。了解大意。通过浏览通过浏览全文全文,从宏观上把握文章的主旨、时态、从宏观上把握文章的主旨、时态、人称人称,为下一步的纠错做好准备。为下一步的纠错做好准备。第二步：逐句推敲第

2、二步：逐句推敲,纠正错误。纠正错误。仔细阅读仔细阅读每个句子每个句子,同时找出并纠正错误。同时找出并纠正错误。第三步：重读全文第三步：重读全文,检查答案。检查答案。再次仔细再次仔细阅读全文阅读全文,检查已修改的部分是否正确且检查已修改的部分是否正确且符合逻辑符合逻辑,并尽可能发现漏掉的错误。并尽可能发现漏掉的错误。做短文改错时，同学们应当注意以下几种做短文改错时，同学们应当注意以下几种情况：情况：1.看到看到名词、代词名词、代词结构时，要检查是否有结构时，要检查是否有数、格或指代不一致数、格或指代不一致的错误；的错误；2.看到看到转折、因果、对比转折、因果、对比等结构时，要检等结构时，要检查是

3、否有查是否有逻辑方面的错误逻辑方面的错误；3.看到看到多重结构句多重结构句，要检查是否有，要检查是否有时态、时态、语态、引导词或成分残缺等错误语态、引导词或成分残缺等错误；4.看到看到平行结构平行结构，要检查是否有，要检查是否有时态、语时态、语态、词性不一致或成分缺失引起的句子态、词性不一致或成分缺失引起的句子不平衡错误不平衡错误；5.看到看到固定短语、词组固定短语、词组时，要检查时，要检查副词、副词、介词、冠词等是否有使用错误或缺失介词、冠词等是否有使用错误或缺失。短文改错的考点虽然涉及面广、综合性短文改错的考点虽然涉及面广、综合性强，但是有一定的规律性。强，但是有一定的规律性。一、冠词一、

4、冠词主要考查冠词表示泛指、特指的用法及其主要考查冠词表示泛指、特指的用法及其在固定短语中的用法。在固定短语中的用法。1.I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity!（2014陕西卷）陕西卷）【解析【解析】考查不定冠词。此处泛指一节令考查不定冠词。此处泛指一节令 人印象深刻的课人印象深刻的课,且冠词后的且冠词后的impressive 的的 读音为元音音素开头读音为元音音素开头,故应将故应将a改为改为an。2.I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.（2016四川卷）四

5、川卷）【解析【解析】考查定冠词考查定冠词the 的用法。此处特的用法。此处特 指作者家的厨房指作者家的厨房,故应在故应在kitchen前加前加the。3.But in that case,we will learn little about world.（2016全国卷全国卷II）【解析【解析】考查冠词在固定短语中的用考查冠词在固定短语中的用 法。表示法。表示“存在的一切事物、世界存在的一切事物、世界”等等 一般都用一般都用the world。故应在。故应在world前加前加 the。二、名词二、名词主要考查可数名词和不可数名词的辨析、可主要考查可数名词和不可数名词的辨析、可数名词单复数等。数

6、名词单复数等。1.she has to do most of the houseworks.（2016四川卷）四川卷）【解析】解析】考查可数名词和不可数名词的辨考查可数名词和不可数名词的辨 析。析。housework 表示表示“家务活家务活”,是不可数名是不可数名 词词,故应将故应将houseworks 改为改为housework。2.The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.（2016全国卷全国卷III）【解析】解析】考查名词单复数。由后文的考查名词单复数。由后文的 from 13 to 19可知，应

7、将可知，应将year改为改为 years。三、动词三、动词主要考查动词的时态、语态等。主要考查动词的时态、语态等。1.I thought that it is a good idea.（2016全国卷全国卷II）【解析【解析】考查动词的时态。通读全文可考查动词的时态。通读全文可 知，本文的主体时态是一般现在时。故应知，本文的主体时态是一般现在时。故应 将将thought 改为改为think。2.Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking.（2016 全国卷全国卷

8、I）【解析【解析】考查动词的语态。考查动词的语态。fresh vegetables and high quality oil 与与use 之之 间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故应将间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故应将 using改为改为used。四、形容词、副词四、形容词、副词主要考查形容词和副词的辨析、比较级和主要考查形容词和副词的辨析、比较级和最高级、动词最高级、动词-ing形式和动词形式和动词-ed形式的形形式的形容词辨析等。容词辨析等。1.his business will grow steady.（2016 全国卷全国卷I）【解析【解析】考查形容词和副词的辨析。修饰考查形容词和副词的辨析

9、。修饰 动词动词grow应用副词。故应将应用副词。故应将steady改为改为 steadily。2.They were also the best and worse years in my life.（2016全国卷全国卷III）【解析【解析】考查形容词的最高级。考查形容词的最高级。and 连接并连接并列成分，再由列成分，再由and 前的前的the best 可知，应将可知，应将worse 改为改为worst。3.It was both excited and frightening to be up there!（2016 浙江卷）浙江卷）【解析【解析】考查动词考查动词-ing 形式和动词

10、形式和动词-ed 形式形式的形容词辨析。由语境可知，本句的意思的形容词辨析。由语境可知，本句的意思是是“在上面既令人兴奋又让人害怕在上面既令人兴奋又让人害怕”。故。故应将应将excited 改为改为exciting。五、代词五、代词主要考查各类代词的用法及指代错误。主要考查各类代词的用法及指代错误。1.It does not cost many,yet we can still learn a lot.（2016全国卷全国卷II）【解析【解析】考查代词的用法。结合语境可知考查代词的用法。结合语境可知,本句的意思是本句的意思是“去附近的旅游景点玩不会去附近的旅游景点玩不会花很多钱花很多钱,而我们

11、还能学到很多。而我们还能学到很多。”“”“钱钱”是不可数名词是不可数名词,应用代词应用代词much;many 指代指代可数名词复数。故应将可数名词复数。故应将many改为改为much。2.we can broaden your view.（2016全国卷全国卷II）【解析【解析】考查代词指代错误。前后代考查代词指代错误。前后代词要一致；由主语词要一致；由主语we可知，应将可知，应将your 改为改为our。六、介词六、介词主要考查介词的意义、用法。主要考查介词的意义、用法。1.Now I am leaving home to college.（2016 全国卷全国卷III）【解析【解析】lea

12、ve.for.离开某地到另外离开某地到另外一个地方。故应将一个地方。故应将to改为改为for。2.Dad cleaned the house,and then went on shopping.（2016 四川卷）四川卷）【解析【解析】go on doing sth.继续做某事。继续做某事。go shopping 去购物。由语境可知，本去购物。由语境可知，本 句意为句意为“爸爸打扫完房间后去购物了爸爸打扫完房间后去购物了”。故应去掉故应去掉on。七、连词七、连词主要从逻辑关系角度考查连词的误用，有时主要从逻辑关系角度考查连词的误用，有时也考查连词的多用。也考查连词的多用。1.If we sta

13、y at home,it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.（2016全国卷全国卷II）【解析】解析】考查连词的误用。考查连词的误用。“舒服舒服”和和“没必没必要花钱要花钱”都是讲呆在家里的好处，二者是并都是讲呆在家里的好处，二者是并列关系。故应将列关系。故应将but改为改为and。2.Though not very big,but the restaurant is popular in our area.（2016全国卷全国卷I）【解析【解析】考查连词的多用。前后是转考查连词的多用。前后是转折关系，但因句首已有表示转折的连

14、折关系，但因句首已有表示转折的连词词Though，所以应去掉，所以应去掉but。八、从句的引导词八、从句的引导词主要考查从句引导词的误用。主要考查从句引导词的误用。1.My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.（2016 全国卷全国卷I）【解析【解析】考查宾语从句的引导词。考查宾语从句的引导词。close to 后接宾语从句；后接宾语从句；I live 缺少地点状语。故应缺少地点状语。故应用用where 引导宾语从句。应将引导宾语从句。应将that改为改为where。2.The dishes what I cooked

15、 were Moms favorite.（2016 四川卷）四川卷）【解析【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。分析句考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，子结构可知，dishes 后跟的是定语从句，后跟的是定语从句，且引导词在从句中作宾语，可省略。且引导词在从句中作宾语，可省略。what 不能引导定语从句。故应将不能引导定语从句。故应将what改为改为that或或which，或去掉，或去掉what。九、主谓一致九、主谓一致主要考查主语和谓语在人称和数上的一致主要考查主语和谓语在人称和数上的一致性。性。He would ask who we was.（2016 浙江卷浙江卷）【解析】解析】考查主语和

16、谓语在数上的一致考查主语和谓语在数上的一致 性。性。由从句中的主语由从句中的主语we可知可知,应将应将was改改 为为were。十、非谓语动词十、非谓语动词1.I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.(2016全国卷全国卷III)【解析【解析】考查动词考查动词-ing 形式作介词宾形式作介词宾 语。语。by 是介词，其后应用动词是介词，其后应用动词-ing 形形 式。故应将式。故应将wear 改为改为wearing。2.My favorite picture.is of my coach and me enjoy the

17、biscuits.（2015 陕西卷）陕西卷）【解析【解析】考查动词考查动词-ing 形式作后置定语的形式作后置定语的 用法。用法。is 是谓语动词；介词是谓语动词；介词of 后是复合宾后是复合宾语。语。my coach and me 与与enjoy 是逻辑上的是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用动词主谓关系，应用动词-ing形式。故应将形式。故应将enjoy改为改为enjoying。十一、固定搭配或固定短语十一、固定搭配或固定短语1.he never dreams becoming rich.（2016 全国卷全国卷I）【解析【解析】dream of doing sth.梦想做某事，梦想做某事，是固定搭

18、配。故应在是固定搭配。故应在becoming前加前加of。2.Both Dad or I planned to do something on Mothers Day.（2016 四川卷）四川卷）【解析【解析】both.and.是固定搭配，表示是固定搭配，表示“和和都都”，故应将，故应将or 改为改为and。3.At the first,I thought I knew everything.（2016 全国卷全国卷III）【解析【解析】at first 是固定短语，表示是固定短语，表示“起起初初”。故应去掉。故应去掉the。文中共有文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。处语言错误，每句中

19、最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在），并在其下面写出该加的词。其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。出修改后的词。注意：注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改只允许修改10处处,多者多者(第第11处起处起)不计分。不计分。AI share a bedroom and the desk w

20、ith myyounger sister.She continually distracts me becauseshes noisy but disorganized.I think shesrespectful.Ive got exams in a fortnight and I desperate need to revise.I cant concentrate when shes studying either and the desk is always overflowing with stuff so I cant find everything.If I try to hav

21、e a dialogue with my sister,she gets annoying.Maybe I should study at the local library a few day a week.Or maybe I should try messaging her and explain how awful I feel instead talking face to face.Anyway,something has to be done with.aanddisrespectfuldesperatelytooannoyeddaysofanythingBMy favorite

22、st book is The Kite Runner.It became a bestseller after being printing.It was a number one New York Times bestseller for over two years,with over seven millions copies sold in the US.A book tells the story of Amir and his closest friend Hassan,that is the son of Ali,Amirs fathers servant.They spend

23、their days kite fight in the peaceful city of Kabul.Hassan is a great runner for Amir.He knows where the kite will land on without watching it.Amirs father loves both boys,and is often critical of Amir,considers him weak and lacking in courage.Amir finds a kinder fatherly figure in Rahim Khan,who su

24、pports his interest writing.Read it when you are free.I am sure it wont disappoint you.favoriteprintedmillionThewhofightingbutconsider-inginCAt first I thought my parents were just beingpolite but helping people out,but then I noticedanything.I noticed the joy on their faces when they saw other peop

25、le succeeded and feel happy because something they did.For example,my mom chose to be a educational assistant to help children with abilities.And every day when she got home she was always talking about how she helped someone in reading problems or made a program for a specific child to make it easi

26、er to teach him.Another example would be my dad always trying to make teachers work easier with technology.Tried to help brought them a joy I honestly do not know what to describe.Seeing them happy like this always made me to want to be like them.andsomethingsucceedofandisabilitieswithTryinghowDMy h

27、ero is my dad.If you meet him on thestreet and you may think he is just a ordinary man,but the truth is that he is a real-life super hero.He is a firefighter,whose job is to put out fires.He is the person you call when everything is gone wrong.He puts his life on the line to saving innocent people.A

28、nd I think it is both the scary thing imaginable and the most courageous.He has to go to work sometime he is needed.I often hear him leave quiet when the darkness just begins to lose it color.To me he is the most amazed person in world.angoingsavescariestanytimequietlyitstheEWhen my uncle was a stor

29、e clerk,he tried toconvince his boss to have 10-yuan sale to reduceunsold goods.The boss agreed with,and the salewas a complete success,that inspired my uncle to open his own store.However,he needs money for it.So he asked his boss to supply the capital for a part of the profits.His boss turned him

30、down,says“Your idea is too risk.”My uncle went ahead with his bosss backing,and he not only was successful in his first store,but eventually owned a chain of stores cross the nation.Lately on,his former boss said every word he used to turning my uncle down cost him about one million yuan.awhichneededsayingriskywithoutacrossLaterturn