初中英语五种基本句型总结课件(附例句和练习)[1]

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1、英语五种基本句型：英语五种基本句型：基本句型一基本句型一:+（主谓）（主谓）基本句型二基本句型二:+（主系表）（主系表）基本句型三基本句型三:+O O （主谓宾）（主谓宾）基本句型四基本句型四:+IO+IO+OO（主谓间宾（主谓间宾 直宾）直宾）基本句型五：基本句型五：+O O+（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）基本句型基本句型 一一 +（主谓）（主谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做这类动词叫做不及物动词不及物动词，后面可，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。（不及物动

2、词）（不及物动词）1.Time 2.Class 3.The man 4.We all 5.Everbody 6.I 7.The sun 8.Does itflies.begins!.doesnt smoke.laughed.has arrived.am crying.rises.hurt?主语主语可有修饰语可有修饰语-定语，定语，谓语谓语可有修饰语可有修饰语-状语状语如如:1.The 1.The redred sun rises sun rises in the east.in the east.2.So they had to travel 2.So they had to travel b

3、y air or by air or boat.boat.（方式状语）（方式状语）3.We got up 3.We got up early so as to catch the early so as to catch the first bus.first bus.（目的状语）（目的状语）4.She sat 4.She sat therethere alonealone,reading a reading a novel.novel.（伴随，方式状语）（伴随，方式状语）5.He came back 5.He came back when we were when we were eatin

4、g.eating.（时间状语）（时间状语）6.6.Weak Weak buildings will fall down buildings will fall down in an in an earthquakeearthquake,but strong ones may,but strong ones may stay upstay up.（地点状语）（地点状语）巩固练习：巩固练习：1 1她昨天回家很晚。她昨天回家很晚。2 2会议将持续两个小时。会议将持续两个小时。3 3在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大。巨大。1.She went home very

5、 late yesterday evening.The meeting will last two hours.Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.4 419191919年，在北京爆发了年，在北京爆发了“五五.四四”运动。运动。5 5每天八时开始上课。每天八时开始上课。6 6这个重五公斤。这个重五公斤。The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.Classes begin at eight every day.The box wei

6、ghs five kilos.7 7五年前我住在北京。五年前我住在北京。8 8秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。9 9我的爷爷早晨起得很早。我的爷爷早晨起得很早。10.10.每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。I lived in Beijing five years ago.In autumn,some birds fly to the south.My grandfather gets up early in the morning.Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to bo

7、rrow books.基本句型 二（主系表）共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系连系动词动词。系动词分两类系动词分两类：be,look,feel,smell等属一类，表示情况；等属一类，表示情况；get,grow,become,turn等属另一类，表示变化。等属另一类，表示变化。bebe 本身没本身没有什么意义有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。只起连系主语和表语

8、的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。系动词有系动词有:1.表示特征和存在状态的表示特征和存在状态的 be,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound;2.表示状态延续的表示状态延续的 remain,stay,keep,continue,stand；3.表示状态变化的表示状态变化的 become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow;（是系（是系动词）动词）1.This 2.The dinner3.He 4.Everything5.He 6.The book 7.The weather 8.His face

9、is smellsfeels looks is is becomesturned an English-Chinese dictionary.delicious.happy.different.tall and strong.interesting.warmer.red.巩固练习：巩固练习：1冬季白天短，夜晚长。冬季白天短，夜晚长。2十五岁他十五岁他就成为就成为有名的钢琴家了。有名的钢琴家了。3孩子们很少孩子们很少保持保持安静。安静。4她的工作她的工作是是在幼儿园里照看儿童。在幼儿园里照看儿童。In winter,the days are short and the nights are lo

10、ng.At the age of fifteen,he became a famous pianist.Children seldom keep quiet.Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.5他失业了。他失业了。6树叶树叶已经变已经变黄了。黄了。7这个报告这个报告听起来听起来很有意思。很有意思。He is out of work.The leaves have turned yellow.The report sounds interesting.基本句型基本句型 三三+O （主谓宾）（主谓宾）共同特点是：谓语动词都具有

11、实义，共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做这类动词叫做及物动词及物动词。(实义动词）实义动词）1.Who 2.She 3.He 8.He 5.They 6.Danny 7.I 4.He knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said the answer?her.English.cakes.some apples.eggs.to have a cup

12、 of tea.Good morning.巩固练习：巩固练习：1 1昨晚我写了一封信。昨晚我写了一封信。2 2今天下午我想同你谈谈。今天下午我想同你谈谈。3 3这本书他读过多次了。这本书他读过多次了。I wrote a letter last night.I want to talk with you this afternoon.He has read this book many times.4 4他们成功地完成了计划。他们成功地完成了计划。5 5那位先生能流利地说三种语言。那位先生能流利地说三种语言。6 6我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。7 7Jim Ji

13、m 还不会自己穿衣服。还不会自己穿衣服。They have carried out the plan successfully.That gentleman can speak three languages fluently.I received a letter from my penfriend in Australia.Jim cannot dress himself.8 8我们大家都相信我们大家都相信Jack Jack 是一个诚实男孩。是一个诚实男孩。9.9.他不知道说什麽好。他不知道说什麽好。10.10.我开窗户你在意吗？我开窗户你在意吗？All of us believe tha

14、t Jack is an honest boy.He did not know what to say.Do you mind my opening the window?基本句型基本句型 四四（主谓间宾（主谓间宾 直宾）直宾）共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这

15、一介词往往被直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。省略。说明：此结构由说明：此结构由“主语主语+及物谓语动词及物谓语动词+间接宾语间接宾语（人）（人）+直接宾语（事物）直接宾语（事物）”组成。如：组成。如：He brings me cookies every day.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词则要借助于介词to或或for。如：。如：He brings cookies to me every day.She made a beautiful dress for me.用用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，

16、对着某人。侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助（需借助to的）的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等；等；（需借助（需借助for 的）的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare等。等。（及（及物）物）O间接宾语间接宾语（常用于人）（常

17、用于人）O直接宾语直接宾语（常用于物）（常用于物）1.She2.She 3.She 4.He 5.I 6.I 7.I 8.He 9.Johnpassed cooked brought bought toldgave gave showedsenthimher her husband you her him him meMarya new dress.a delicious meal.a new watch.a dictionary.nothing.my pictures.a hand.how to run the machine.some flowers.巩固练习：巩固练习：1 1Johnso

18、n Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。先生去年教我们德语。2 2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3 3请把那本字典递给我好吗？请把那本字典递给我好吗？Mr.Johnson taught us German last year.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.Would you please pass me the dictionary?4 4他把车票给列车员看。他把车票给列车员看。5 5我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？6 6新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。新式机器将会为你节省许多

19、劳动。7 7他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。件毛衣。He showed the ticket to the conductor.Shall I call you a taxi?The new machine will save you a lot of labour.He bought a new coat for his mother with his first months salary.基本句型基本句型 五五+O+（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表词，但是只跟一个宾

20、语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意完充成分来补足宾语，才能使意完整。整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如：短语，动词不定式，分词等。如：The sun keeps us warm.The sun keeps us warm.I heard him singing.I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut.You must get your hair cut.They made Tom monitor.The

21、y made Tom monitor.He used to do his homework with his He used to do his homework with his radio onradio on（及（及物）物）（宾语）（宾语）（宾补）（宾补）1.We 2.They3.They 4.They5.What 6.We 7.He 8.I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door him the house him him me them clean.green.Bob.dirty.sad?go ou

22、t.to come back soon.getting on the bus.英语基本句型英语基本句型6 There be 句型句型 说明：说明：此句型是由此句型是由“there+be+主语主语+状语状语”构构成，用以表达存在关系可以称成，用以表达存在关系可以称“有有”。它它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之之后后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。仅为引导词，并无实际语意。此句型有时不用此句型有时不用be动词，而用动词，而用 live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive等。如：等。如：There

23、stands a hill in the middle of the park.Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：态变化。如：现在有现在有 there is/are 过去有过去有 there was/were 将来有将来有 there will be；there is/are going to be.现在已经有现在已经有 there has/have been 可能有可能有 there might be.肯定有肯定有 th

24、ere must be/there must have been.过去曾经有过去曾经有 there used to be 似乎有似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be 巩固练习：巩固练习：1 1这个村子过去只有一口井。这个村子过去只有一口井。2 2客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。3 3天气预报说下午有大风。天气预报说下午有大风。There was only a well in the village.Among the guests there

25、were two Americans and two Frenchmen.The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon.4 4灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。5 5战前这儿一直有家电影院的。战前这儿一直有家电影院的。6 6恰好那时房里没人。恰好那时房里没人。The light is on.There must be someone ion the office.There used to be a cinema here before the war.There happened to be no

26、body in the room.7 7从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。渔夫。8 8公共汽车来了。公共汽车来了。9 9就只剩下二十八美元了。就只剩下二十八美元了。There remained only twenty eight There remained only twenty eight dollars.dollars.1010铃响了。铃响了。Once,there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.There comes the bus.There goes the bell.（二）（二）

27、1.They work hard.主主 +谓谓2.The flower is dead.主主+系系+表表3.Plants need water.主主+谓谓+宾宾4.He gives me some seeds.主主+谓谓+间宾间宾+直宾直宾5.We should keep the plants in the shade.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补6.Many animals live in trees.主主 +谓谓7.The cake tastes delicious.主主+系系+表表8.Classes begin at eight every day.主主 +谓谓9.They havent

28、decided where to gonext.主主+谓谓+宾宾10.Jim cannot dress himself.主主+谓谓+宾宾11.Mr Johnson taught us German last year.主主+谓谓+间宾间宾+直宾直宾12.Shall I call you a taxi?主主+谓谓+间宾间宾+直宾直宾13.The sun keeps us warm.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补14.The potatoes went bad.主主+系系+表表15.You must get your hair cut.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补16.She sat there alone,reading a novel.主主 +谓谓17.They made Tom monitor.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补18.I heard him singing.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补