现在完成时的用法和过去式的主要区别

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1、现在完成时的用法和过去式的主要区别 1/201/20 1/20 现在完成时 现在完成时，表示过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果；过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)（V-ed）肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)（V-ed）+宾语.He has finished it.They have worked it out.否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词(p.p)（V-ed）+宾语.He hasnt finished it.They have worked it

2、 out.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词(p.p)（V-ed）+宾语.Has he finished it?Yes,he has;No he hasnt Have they have worked it out?Yes,I have;No I havent 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+have/has+主语+过去分词（v-ed）+其他）Where have they been?They have been to Yunnan.一般过去时：表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对“现在”产生的影响。He visit

3、ed Guilin in 1998.他 1998 年参观过桂林。(只是简单表明在过去某个时间in 1998去过桂林这一事实，除此以外别无其他)主语动词的过去式（肯定式）He did it.We hoped to go there.主语did not 动词原形（否定式）He didnt do it.They werent there yesterday.Did主语动词的原形（疑问式）Did he do it?Yes,he did.No,he didnt 第一种：对目前造成的影响；过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果；Have you seen the film?（A）Did you s

4、ee the film?（B）说明 你看过这部电影吗？（A）句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；（B）句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。The plane has already arrived.飞机已经抵达了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿。）The plane arrived a quarter of an hour ago.飞机是一刻钟以前抵达的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去。）现在完成时的用法和过去式的主要区别 2/202/20 2/20 Jill has bought a new computer.吉尔买了一台新电脑。（造成的结果是，Jill 现在有了一台新电脑）

5、Jill bought a new computer.吉尔买了一台新电脑。（强调动作发生的时间在过去。）现在完成时的用法和过去式的主要区别：第二种：过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.（A）（live 用现在完成时，表明“居住”的动作和现在发生了联系）He lived in Beijing for 8 years.（B）（live 用过去式，表明“居住”的动作只存在于过去，与现在没有关系）说明他在北京住了 8 年。（A）句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了 8 年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。(B)句讲

6、的是他在北京住过 8 年，现在不在北京了。句子中所用【时间标志词语】的区别 1、一般过去时：通常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday,yesterday morning(afternoon,evening)；last night(week,month,year)；一段时间+ago(several days ago)、two days ago、a week ago,；in 2002，(in 1990,in 1997，in July)等；just now,at that time/moment,then,long long ago 例子：He was here yesterday.I

7、got up at seven yesterday morning.My mother didnt work yesterday afternoon.Did you have a good time last summer?My mother often went to work by taxi last year.When I was a student,I often listened to music.Three months ago,they were still students.2、现在完成时：现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如 already（已经）,yet（已经）

8、,just（刚）,before（之前）,recently（最近）,lately（近来），ever（曾经）等副词；其中 already，just 多用于肯定句中，ever，yet，never 多用于疑问句和否定句中）He has already obtained（获得）a scholarship.他已经获得了奖学金。（already 用在过去分词前）He has just had his meal他刚吃过饭。（just 用在过去分词前）Have you ever been to Beijing？你曾经去过北京吗？（ever 用在过去分词前）I havent seen much of him re

9、cently(lately).我最近没太看到他。（用在否定句末）注意这些词的位置和用法非常重要！现在完成时的用法和过去式的主要区别 3/203/20 3/20 We have seen that film before.我们之前看过那部电影。（用在句末）Have they found the missing child yet？他们已经找到了那个丢失的孩子了吗？（用在否定或疑问句末）already 和 yet 的用法辨析 不论 yet 还是 already,都可以表示“已经”的含义。一般两者都用于完成时的句子当中。already 即可用在句前部分也可用在句尾；yet 一般用在句尾。alread

10、y 一般用于肯定句（表“已经）”；yet 一般用于否定句或疑问句。Ive seen the film already.The train has already left.火车已经开走了。He hasnt found his bike yet.他还没有找到他的自行车。（用在否定句末表“还”）Has she finished her homework yet？她已经做完作业了吗？（用在疑问句末表“已经”）lately 与 recently 用法辨析 两者均可表示“最近”、“近来”。从使用的时态来看：两者都经常与完成时态连用。I have seen a lot of her lately rece

11、ntly.我最近经常见到她。注：两者通常都不用于将来时，若用于将来时则用“soon”。如：最近我们要去巴黎。误：We will go to Paris lately recently.正：We will go to Paris soon.现在完成时的另一个用法：“从过去某一时刻开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。”这一用法常和一段时间连用：常与 these days,this week,since+点时间,for+段时间等表示一段时间的状语连用。其中“for+时间段”，“since+时间点”。例如：We have lived in this city for more than

12、 40 years.我们在这个城市里已经生活了 40 多年。We have lived in this city since 1958.我们从 1958 年起就住在这个城市里。（注：1958 前没有 in）Have you seen her parents these days?这些天你看见她的父母了吗？Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since I came here.（注：I came here 是一个过去时，表示的是【过去的一个时间点】）几种特殊句型的区别：1）have been in;2）have been to;3

13、）have gone to 的用法:1.have(has)been in 意为“已经在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：Mr.Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。They have been in Canada for five years.他们到加拿大有五年了。2.have(has)been to 意为“曾经去过某地”，表示“现在已经不在那里了”。可与 just,ever,never等连现在完成时的用法和过去式的主要区别 4/204/20 4/20 用。如：Ive just been to the

14、post office.我刚才去邮局了。Have you ever been to Hangzhou?你曾经去过杭州吗？Mary has never been to the Great Wall.玛丽从未去过长城。另：have(has)been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。如：Ive been to Beijing three times.我去过北京三次。They have been to that village several times.他们去过那个村庄好几次了。3.have(has)gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示刚到某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，

15、一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。如：Where is Tom?汤姆在哪里？He has gone to the bookshop.他到书店去了。4非延续性动词即瞬间动词不能用于“现在完成时一段时间的状语”的句型中。即这类瞬间动词有：come，go，start，leave，die，buy，finish，borrow 等。例如：瞬间动词 转化后动词 瞬间动词 转化后动词 buy have join be in/be a member of borrow keep open be open put on wear come be in become be close be closed di

16、e be dead begin/start be on finish/end be over go out be out leave/move be away fall asleep（ill）be asleep（ill）arrive be here catch/get a cold have a cold 例如：下面的例句就是瞬间动词的过去式和带有持续时间的现在完成时使用变化。1、We have had the book for three years.We bought the book three years ago.2、He has had a cold for three days.H

17、e caught a cold three days ago.3、Xiao ming has been a soldier for half year.Xiao ming joined the army half year ago.4、we have been students for eight years.We became students eight years ago.5、The class has benn over gor ten minutes.6、I hve kept the book since last week.I borrowed the book lasr week

18、.7、Mr.Black has been dead for three years.Mr.Blackgied three years ago.8、The film has been on for an hour.The film started an hour ago.现在完成时的用法和过去式的主要区别 5/205/20 5/20 She has worked for ten years.1、She began to work ten years ago 2、She has worked since ten years ago.3、It is ten years since she began

19、 to worked.4、Ten years has passed since she began to work.汉语意思分别为：她已经工作了十年了。她十年前就开始工作了。自十年前以来她就开始工作了。自她工作以来有十年了。自她开始工作以来十年已经过去了。过去分词的概念：规则动词的【过去分词】的构成：v+ed,如 work-worked；study-studied；finish-finished 不规则动词的过去分词构成(需要单独记忆)：如 be-been；have-had；hear-heard；do-done 动词的过去分词和动词的过去式不是一个概念：【过去分词】用于现在完成时态（另被动语态

20、中也会用到），动词的过去式只能用于过去时。注意：不规则的动词过去分词和过去式有时候一样，有时候不一样；原形 have do see be 过去式 had did saw was/were 过去分词 had done seen been 过去分词的变化规则：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：(1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed”：work-worked-worked,visit-visited-visited (2)以“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”：live-lived-lived,(3)、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i，再加“ed”：

21、study-studied-studied,cry-cried-cried (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ed”：stop-stopped-stopped,drop-droppeddropped.现在完成时的用法和过去式的主要区别 6/206/20 6/20 特殊疑问句的提问：用 when 还是 how long？He began to work ten years ago._did he begin to work?He has worked since ten years ago _has he worked?Mary has been ill fo

22、r three days._has she been ill?Mary was ill three days ago._was Mary ill?Mary has been ill since three days ago._has Mary been ill?类型 汉语 原形 过去式 过去分词 AB 型 能 can could/将要；会；好吗 shall should/将要；会；愿意；要 will would/可以；也许；可能 may might/AAA 型 值（多少钱）；花费 cost cost cost 切；剪；削；割 cut cut cut 打；撞；击中 hit hit hit 伤害；

23、受伤；伤人感情 hurt hurt hurt 让 let let let 必须；应当；必定是 must must must 放；摆 put put put 放；安置 set set set 关上；封/禁闭；合拢 shut shut shut 延伸；展开 spread spread spread 读；朗读 read read read/red/AAB 型 敲打；击打；打赢 beat beat beaten ABA 型 变得；成为 become became become 来；来到 come came come 跑/奔跑；（颜色）褪色 run ran run ABB 型 拿来；带来；取来 brin

24、g brought brought 买 buy bought bought 想；认为；考虑 think thought thought 接/捉住;赶上;染上（疾病）catch caught caught 现在完成时的用法和过去式的主要区别 7/207/20 7/20 教书；教 teach taught taught 建筑；建立 build built built 借（出）；把借给 lend lent lent 打发；派遣；送；邮寄 send sent sent 度过；花费（钱/时间）spend spent spent 失去；丢失 lose lost lost 粘住；钉住；坚持 stick st

25、uck stuck 挖（洞、沟等）；掘 dig dug dug 悬挂；吊着；把吊起 hang hung hung 感觉；觉得；摸；触 feel felt felt 保持；保存；继续不断 keep kept kept 睡觉 sleep slept slept 扫除；扫 sweep swept swept 离开；把留下；剩下 leave left left 嗅；闻到；发出（气味）smell smelt smelt 拼写 spell spelt spelt 溢出；溅出；洒出 spill spilt spilt 放；搁 lay laid laid 付钱；给报酬 pay paid paid 说；讲 sa

26、y said said 卖；售 sell sold sold 告诉；讲述；吩咐 tell told told 坐 sit sat sat 吐痰；吐唾沫 spit spat spat 站；立；起立；坐落；经受；持久 stand stood stood 懂得；明白；理解 understand understood understood 燃烧/着火；使烧焦/晒黑 burn burnt burnt 学；学习；学会 learn learnt learnt 意思是；意指 mean meant meant 糟蹋；损坏；溺爱 spoil spoilt spoilt 梦；梦想 dream dreamt drea

27、mt 喂（养）；饲（养）feed fed fed 现在完成时的用法和过去式的主要区别 8/208/20 8/20 遇见；见到 meet met met 领导；带领 lead led led 得到；具有；达到 get got got 发光；照耀；shine shone shone 获胜；赢得 win won won 有；吃/喝；进行/经受 have/has had had 制造；做；使得 make made made 听见；听说；得知 hear heard heard 打架/仗；与打仗 fight fought fought 找到；发现；感到 find found found 拿/抱；握住;举行

28、 hold held held ABC 型 是 be was/were been 开始；着手 begin began begun 喝；饮 drink drank drunk（钟/铃）响；打电话 ring rang rung 唱；唱歌 sing sang sung 下沉；沉没 sink sank sunk 游泳；游 swim swam swum 吹；刮风；吹气 blow blew blown（鸟/飞机）飞；（人乘飞机）飞行；（旗子）飘动 fly flew flown 生长；发育；种植；变得 grow grew grown 知道；了解；认识；懂得 know knew known 投；掷；扔 thr

29、ow threw thrown 绘画；绘制；拉；拖；提取（金钱）draw drew drawn 给看；出示；显示 show showed shown 打破；损坏；撕开 break broke broken 偷；窃取 steal stole stolen 选择 choose chose chosen 忘记；忘掉 forget forgot forgotten 现在完成时的用法和过去式的主要区别 9/209/20 9/20 原谅，谅解 forgive forgave forgiven 结冰 freeze froze frozen 说；讲；谈话；发言 speak spoke spoken 醒；醒来；

30、叫醒 wake woke woken 驾驶；开（车）；驱赶 drive drove driven 吃 eat ate eaten 落（下）；降落;倒 fall fell fallen 给；递给；付出；给予 give gave given 把藏起来；隐藏 hide hid hidden 骑（马/自行车）；乘车 ride rode ridden 上升；上涨 rise rose risen 拿走；做；服（药）；乘坐；花费 take took taken 弄错 mistake mistook mistaken（使）动摇；震动 shake shook shaken 写；书写；写作；著述 write wr

31、ote written 是 am/is was been 是 are were been 做；干 do did done 去；走；变得；通往 go went gone 躺；卧；平放；位于 lie lay lain 看见/到；领会；拜会 see saw seen 穿；戴 wear wore worn 现在完成时的用法和过去式的主要区别 10/2010/20 10/20 过去完成时 过去完成时(past perfect)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。基本结构：主语+had+过去分词(done)肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他.否

32、定句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他?肯定回答：Yes,主语+had.否定回答：No,主语+had not.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词+其他）？基本用法 （1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用 by,before 等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。例如：By nine oclock last night,we had got 200 pictures from the spacesh

33、ip.到昨晚 9 点钟，我们已经收到 200 张飞船发来的图片。（2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和 for,since 构成的时间状语连用。例如：I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.当车来的时候，我在车站已等了 20 分钟。He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他说自从 1949 年以来他就在那家工厂工作。现在完成时的用法和过去式的主要区别 11/2011/20 11/20 （3）叙述过去发生的事情，在

34、已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。例如：Mr.Smith died yesterday.He had been a good friend of mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。I didnt know a thing about the verbs,for I had not studied my lesson.我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。（4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。例如：I returned the book that I had borrowed.我已归还

35、了我借的书。She found the key that she had lost.她丢失的钥匙找到了。（5）过去完成时常常用在 told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。例如：He said that he had known her well.他说他很熟悉她。I thought I had sent the letter a week before.我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。（6）状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。如 when,be

36、fore,after,as soon as,till/until 引导的 例如：When I woke up,it had already stopped raining.现在完成时的用法和过去式的主要区别 12/2012/20 12/20 我醒来时雨已停了。She didnt go to bed until she had finished her work.她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before 和 after 的复合句中，因为 这 时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。例如

37、：After he arrived in England,Marx worked hard to improve his English.马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。（7）动词 think,want,hope,mean,plan,intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。例如：They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。We had hoped to be able to come and see you.我们本来希望能来看看你。（8）过去完

38、成时还可用在 hardlywhen,no soonerthan,It was the first(second,etc)time(that)等固定句型中。例如：Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。No sooner had he arrived than he went away again 他刚到就又走了。It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.这是他那一年第三次失业了。现在完成时的用法和过去

39、式的主要区别 13/2013/20 13/20 时间状语 before,when,after,by+,until,once,had no soonerthan 过去完成时-语法判定 1.由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：（1）by+过去的时间点。如：I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night.（2）by the end of+过去的时间点。如：We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of las

40、t term.（3）before+过去的时间点。如：They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.2.由“过去的过去”来判定。过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：（1）宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：She said that she had seen the film b

41、efore.（2）状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如：After he had finished his homework,he went to bed.现在完成时的用法和过去式的主要区别 14/2014/20 14/20 注意：before,after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：After he closed the door,he left the classroom.（

42、3）表示意向的动词，如 hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose 等，用过去完成时表示原本，未能 We had hoped that you would come,but you didnt.3.根据上、下文来判定。I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday.We hadnt seen each other since he went to Beijing.过去完成时-语法区别 一、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以现在的时间为基点，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构

43、为“助动词 have(has)+过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，已过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。比较：I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。Im sorry to keep you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。Oh,not at all.I have been here only

44、 a few minutes.没什么，我只等了几分钟。（“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在）二、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：1.时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。现在完成时的用法和过去式的主要区别 15/2015/20 15/20 比较：They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.2.在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，

45、谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。She was very happy.Her whole family were pleased with her,too.She had just won the first in the composition competition.3.当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在 before，after，as soon as 引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。He en

46、tered the room,turned on the light and read an evening paper.现在完成时的用法和过去式的主要区别 16/2016/20 16/20 现在完成时专项练习 一、单项选择。1、Both his parents look sad.Maybe they _whats happened to him.A.knew B.have known C.must know D.will know 2、He has _ been to Shanghai,has he?A.already B.never C.ever D.still 3、Have you me

47、t Mr Li _？A.just B.ago C.before D.a moment ago 4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year.A.is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written 5、Our country _ a lot so far.Yes.I hope it will be even _.A.has changed;well B.changed;good C.has changed;better D.changed;better 6、Zhao Lan _alread

48、y _in this school for two years.A.was;studying B.will;study C.has;studied D.are;studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.A.know B.had known C.have known D.knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film.I_ it twice.A.will see B.have seen C.saw D.see 9、These farmers have been to the United States.

49、Really?When _ there?A.will they go B.did they go C.do they go D.have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet?Yes.I _ it a moment ago.A.Did;do;finished B.Have;done;finished C.Have;done;have finished D.will;do;finish 11、His father _ the Party since 1978.A.joined B.has joined C.was in D.has been in 12、D

50、o you know him well?Sure.We _ friends since ten years ago.A.were B.have been C.have become D.have made 13、How long have you _ here?About two months.A.been B.gone C.come D.arrived 14、Hurry up!The play _ for ten minutes.A.has begun B.had begun C.has been on D.began 15、It _ ten years since he left the

51、army.A.is B.has C.will D.was 现在完成时的用法和过去式的主要区别 17/2017/20 17/20 16、Miss Green isnt in the office.she_ to the library.A.has gone B.went C.will go D.has been 17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years.A.have been in B.have been to C.have gone to D.have been 18、The students have cleaned the classroom,_?A.s

52、o they B.dont they C.have they D.havent they 19、_ has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _ to China?A.How soon,comes B.How often,got C.How long,came D.How far,arrived 20、His uncle _ for more than 9 years.A.has come here B.has started to work C.has lived there D.has left the university

53、21.When he arrived at the bus stop,the bus _ for 20 minutes.A.has left B.had left C.has been away D.had been away 22.I _ the League for 5 years so far.A.joined B.have joined C.have been in 23.The factory _ since the February of 1988.A.has been open B.has opened C.was open D.opened 24.Mary and Rose _

54、friends since they met in 2000.A.have made B.have been C.made D.have become 25.You mustnt_ until he comes back.A.be away B.leave C.be left 26.The meeting _ for a week now.A.has finished B.has ended C.has been over 27.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years.A.has been in B.has come to C.has taught

55、28.Ben _ a teacher for 4 years.A.has been B.has become C.was D.became 29.I _ home for a week.A.have returned B.have been back C.returned 30.How long _ he _?A.died B.has,died C.has,been dead 31.He _ at eight yesterday afternoon.A.slept B.was sleeping C.has sleep D.had slept 32.He _ the car for a week

56、.现在完成时的用法和过去式的主要区别 18/2018/20 18/20 A.bought B.has bought C.has had 33.-How long _ you _ ill?-Two weeks.A.did fall B.have,fell C.have,been 34.Since 2000,he _ his hometown.A.has left B.has moved away C.has been away from 35.Ill lend you the book,but you can only _ it for 2 days.A.borrow B.keep C.take

57、 36.The bus _ on the road for 2 hours so far.A.has stopped B.stopped C.has been 37.Are you _ the jacket these days?A.wearing B.putting on C.dressing D.on 38.He _ for 2 hours.A.got up B.has got up C.has been up 39.Tom is ill in hospital.He _ a cold for several days.A.is B.catches C.has caught D.has h

58、ad 40.-How long can I _ the book?-Two weeks.A.borrow B.lend C.get D.keep 二、句型转换。1、He has never surfed,_?（改成反意疑问句）2、They have been here since 2000.(对划线部分提问)_ have _ they been here?3、The old man _ last year.He _ for a year.(die)（动词填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)This factory _ for twe

59、nty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago.(同义句转换)Miss Gao _ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years.（同义句）Her mother _ the Party three years _.7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago.(同义句转换)_ two years _ the Green family moved to France.8、The bus has arrived here.It arri

60、ved ten minutes ago.(把两个句子合并成一个句子)_ 三、汉译英。1、吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。_ 2、他昨天收到一封信。_ 3、我父亲以前到过长城。_ 4、她还没有看过那部新电影。_ 5、她去过上海。_ 现在完成时的用法和过去式的主要区别 19/2019/20 19/20 6、他这些天上哪儿去了？参考答案：一、单项选择。1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是 B。2、现在完成时常与 a

61、lready（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。故 2 应选 B。3、C 4、现在完成时常与 recently（近来），so far（到目前为止），in the past/“last+一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故 4 应选 D。5、C 6、现在完成时时常与“for+时间段或 since+过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故 6 应选C。7、C 8、现在完成时还与 once（一次），twice（两次），

62、three times（三次），several times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故 8 应选 B。9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如 yesterday,last week,a moment ago 等）连用。故 9 的正确答案为 B。10、B 11、现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与 for 和 since 引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通

63、常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故 11 的正确答案依次为：D。12、B 13、A 14、C 15、A。16、“have/has gone to+地点”表示“某人去了某地（还未回来）”，指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has been in+地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/has been to +地点”表示“曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。”故 16 的正确答案为 A。17、A 18、D 19、C 20、C 二、句型转换。1、has he?2、How long 3、died,has been dead 4、has been open 5、has be

64、en away 6、joined；ago 7、It is,since 8、The bus has been here for ten minutes.三、汉译英。现在完成时的用法和过去式的主要区别 20/2020/20 20/20 1、Jim has finished doing his homework already.He is free now.2、He received a letter yesterday.3、My father has been to the Great Wall before.4、She hasnt seen the new film yet.5、She has been to Shanghai.6、Where has he been these days？