实验二十三-PT-网络地址转换NAT配置

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1、PT 网络地址转换NAT配置实验一:一、实验目标l 理解NAT网络地址转换的原理及功能；l 掌握静态NAT的配置，实现局域网访问互联网；二、实验背景公司欲发布WWW服务，现要求将内网Web服务器IP地址映射为全局IP地址，实现外部网络可访问公司内部Web服务器。三、技术原理l 网络地址转换NAT（Network Address Translation），被广泛应用于各种类型Internet接入方式和各种类型的网络中。原因很简单，NAT不仅完美解决了IP地址不足的问题，而且还能够有效地避免来自网络外部的攻击，隐藏并保护网络内部的计算机。l 默认情况下，内部IP地址是无法被路由到外网的，内部主机1

2、0.1.1.1要与外部internet通信，IP包到达NAT路由器时，IP包头的源地址10.1.1.1被替换成一个合法的外网IP，并在NAT转换表中保存这条记录。当外部主机发送一个应答到内网时，NAT路由器收到后，查看当前NAT转换表，用10.1.1.1替换掉这个外网地址。l NAT将网络划分为内部网络和外部网络两部分，局域网主机利用NAT访问网络时，是将局域网内部的本地地址转换为全局地址（互联网合法的IP地址）后转发数据包。l NAT分为两种类型：NAT（网络地址转换）和NAPT（网络端口地址转换IP地址对应一个全局地址）。l 静态NAT：实现内部地址与外部地址一对一的映射。现实中，一般都用

3、于服务器；l 动态NAT：定义一个地址池，自动映射，也是一对一的。现实中，用得比较少；l NAPT：使用不同的端口来映射多个内网IP地址到一个指定的外网IP地址，多对一。四、实验步骤实验拓扑1、R1为公司出口路由器，其与外部路由之间通过V.35电缆串口连接，DCE端连接在R2上，配置其时钟频率为64000；2、配置PC机、服务器及路由器接口IP地址；3、在各路由器上配置静态路由协议，让PC间能相互ping通；4、在R1上配置静态NAT；5、在R1上定义内外部网络接口；6、验证主机之间的互通性。R1:RouterenRouter#conf tEnter configuration command

4、s, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Router(config)#hostname R1 /修改路由器名字R1(config)#int fa0/0R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 /配置fa0/0 端口IPR1(config-if)#no shutdown /重新启动%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthern

5、et0/0, changed state to upR1(config-if)#exitR1(config)#int s0/0/0 R1(config-if)#ip add 222.0.1.1 255.255.255.0 /配置S0/0 端口IPR1(config-if)#no shutdown%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0, changed state to down%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to upR1(config-if)#e

6、xitR1(config)#ip route 222.0.2.0 255.255.255.0 222.0.1.2 /配置到222.0.2.0网段的静态路由R1(config)#endR1#%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoleR1#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1

7、- OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of

8、last resort is not setC 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0C 222.0.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0S 222.0.2.0/24 1/0 via 222.0.1.2需要R2也配置了ip才能显示红色部分R1#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.R1(config)#int fa0/0R1(config-if)#ip nat inside R1(config

9、-if)#exitR1(config)#int s0/0/0R1(config-if)#ip nat outside R1(config-if)#exitR1(config)#R1#R1#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.R1(config)#ip nat inside source static 192.168.1.2 222.0.1.3 /配置内网到外网的静态NAT映射R1(config)#endR1#%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by co

10、nsoleR1#show ip nat translations Pro Inside global Inside local Outside local Outside global- 222.0.1.3 192.168.1.2 - -R1#show running-config Building configuration.Current configuration : 753 bytes!version 12.2no service timestamps log datetime msecno service timestamps debug datetime msecno servic

11、e password-encryption!hostname R1!.!interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 ip nat inside duplex auto speed auto!interface FastEthernet1/0 no ip address duplex auto speed auto shutdown!interface Serial0/0 ip address 222.0.1.1 255.255.255.0 ip nat outside!interface Serial3/0 no

12、 ip address shutdown!interface FastEthernet4/0 no ip address shutdown!interface FastEthernet5/0 no ip address shutdown!ip nat inside source static 192.168.1.2 222.0.1.3 ip classlessip route 222.0.2.0 255.255.255.0 222.0.1.2 !.!line con 0line vty 0 4 login!endR1#R2:RouterRouterenRouter#conf tEnter co

13、nfiguration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Router(config)#hostname R2R2(config)#int fa0/0R2(config-if)#ip add 222.0.2.1 255.255.255.0R2(config-if)#no shut%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed s

14、tate to upR2(config-if)#exitR2(config)#int s0/0/0R2(config-if)#ip add 222.0.1.2 255.255.255.0R2(config-if)#no shut%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0, changed state to upR2(config-if)#clock rate 64000R2(config-if)#%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to upR2(conf

15、ig-if)#R2(config-if)#R2(config-if)#exitR2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 222.0.1.1R2(config)#endR2#%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoleR2#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OS

16、PF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static

17、 routeGateway of last resort is not setS 192.168.1.0/24 1/0 via 222.0.1.1C 222.0.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0C 222.0.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0R2#五、验证PC1:Packet Tracer PC Command Line 1.0PCipconfigIP Address.: 222.0.2.2Subnet Mask.: 255.255.255.0Default Gateway.: 222.0.

18、2.1PCping 192.168.1.2Pinging 192.168.1.2 with 32 bytes of data:Request timed out.Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=19ms TTL=126Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=17ms TTL=126Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=15ms TTL=126Ping statistics for 192.168.1.2: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 15ms, Maximum = 19ms, Average = 17msPCPC1-WEB：实验二:在完成实验一的基础上,改造拓扑,完成如下拓扑,首先要关闭路由器R1R2上的s0/0/0口,删除相关配置思考1)此时同样是从PC主机访问内网服务器,URL应该怎么写?2)实验一和实验二的不同点?