（山东专用）2020届高考英语一轮复习 专题三 主旨大意课件

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1、专题三主旨大意高考英语高考英语(山东专用)A A组组 山东省卷、课标山东省卷、课标卷题组卷题组Group 1Passage 1(2019课标全国,D)词数:370During the rosy years of elementary school(小学),I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes,which al-lowed me to keep my high social status.I was the queen of the playground.Then came my tweens and teens,and mean girls and cool

2、 kids.They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smok-ing cigarettes,breaking rules and playing jokes on others,among whom I soon found myself.Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology.Mitch Prinstein,a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories:

3、the likable and the status seekers.The likables plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships,jump-start interpersonal skills and,when tapped early,are employed ever after in life and work.Then theres the kind of popular-ity that appears in adolescence:status born of power and e

4、ven dishonorable behavior.五年高考Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed,Dr.Prinsteins studies show unpleasant consequences.Those who were highest in status in high school,as well as those least liked in elementary school,are“most likely to engage(从事)in dangerous and risky behavior.”In one study,Dr.P

5、rinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents,scoring the least liked,the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究).“We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their class-mates.But so had those who were high in s

6、tatus.It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment,high status has just the opposite effect on us.”Dr.Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play datesharing,kindness,opennesscarry over to later years and make you better able to re

7、late and con-nect with others.In analyzing his and other research,Dr.Prinstein came to another conclusion:Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes,but it is also responsible for those outcomes,too.“Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences t

8、hat help somebody gain an advantage,”he said.1.What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?A.Unkind.B.Lonely.C.Generous.D.Cool.2.What is the second paragraph mainly about?A.The classification of the popular.B.The characteristics of adolescents.C.The importance of interpe

9、rsonal skills.D.The causes of dishonorable behavior.3.What did Dr.Prinsteins study find about the most liked kids?A.They appeared to be aggressive.B.They tended to be more adaptable.C.They enjoyed the highest status.D.They performed well academically.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Be NiceYo

10、u Wont Finish LastB.The Higher the Status,the BetterC.Be the BestYou Can Make ItD.More Self-Control,Less Aggressiveness答案答案语篇解读本文体裁为说明文,主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为个体受欢迎程度。文章将受欢迎的人分成了两类讨人喜欢的人和追逐高地位的人。本文侧重培养学生的思维品质。1.C推理判断题。本题题干意为:作者在上小学的低年级时是什么样的女孩?根据题干中的early years of elementary school可定位到第一段第一句中的During the r

11、osy years of elementary school,I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes(喜欢分享玩偶和笑话),因此可以推断作者是大方的,故选C项。A:不友善的;B:孤独的;D:酷的。2.A主旨大意题。本题题干意为:第二段的主要内容是什么?根据第二段第二句Mitch Prin-stein,a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories:the likable and the status seekers.可知,本段对受欢迎的人进行分类,故选A项。B:青

12、少年的特点;C:人际交往技巧的重要性;D:不光彩行为的原因。3.B事实细节题。本题题干意为:Prinstein博士的研究中针对最受喜欢的小孩的发现是什么?根据题干中的study和the most liked kids可定位到第四段中的It clearly showed that while lika-bility can lead to healthy adjustment,high status has just the opposite effect on us。healthy ad-justment(调整,适应)对应B项中的adaptable(能适应的),故答案为B项。A:他们显得有侵略

13、性;C:他们喜欢最高的地位;D:他们学习成绩很好。4.A主旨大意题。本题题干意为:本文最好的标题是什么?文章将受欢迎的人分成两类讨人喜欢的人和追逐高地位的人。根据对这两种人的介绍可以总结出整篇文章都是在引导读者做讨人喜欢的人,对人友善、学会分享、敞开心扉,因此答案为A项。B:地位越高越好;C:做到最好你可以做到;D:自制力越强,侵略性越小。难句分析难句分析原句:“Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advan

14、tage,”he said.分析:直接引语的主干是:Being liked creates opportunities。for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage是opportunities的定语,其中that help somebody gain an advantage是定语从句,先行词是new kinds of life experiences。译文:他说:“被别人喜欢创造了学习的机会,也创造了新的生活体验的机会,这些体验帮助人们获得优势。”高考热词高考热词

15、Passage 11.status stets n.地位,身份2.rank rk n.地位,级别3.sort.into.把分成4.adjustment ds(t)m()nt n.调整,适应5.opposite pzt;-st adj.相反的6.conclusion knklu()n n.结论Passage 2(2018课标全国,B)词数:264Good Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning,but she is cooking up a storm in her la

16、test roleshowing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money:Good Food,she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day.And the Good

17、 Morning Britain presenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shes learnt into practice in her own home,preparing meals for sons,Sam,14,Finn,13,and Jack,11.“We love Mexican churros,so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restau-rant,”she explains.“I pay 5 for a portion(一份),but

18、 Matt makes them for 26p a portion,be-cause they are flour,water,sugar and oil.Everybody can buy takeaway food,but sometimes were not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.”The eight-part series(系列节目),Save Money:Good Food,follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money:Good Health,which gave

19、 viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense,Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week.In tonights Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some de-licious inspiration on

20、a budget.The team transforms the familys long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.1.What do we know about Susanna Reid?A.She enjoys embarrassing her guests.B.She has started a new programme.C.She dislikes working early in the morning.D.She has had a tight budget for he

21、r family.2.How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A.He buys cooking materials for her.B.He prepares food for her kids.C.He assists her in cooking matters.D.He invites guest families for her.3.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?A.Summarize the previous paragraphs.B.Provide some advice for t

22、he readers.C.Add some background information.D.Introduce a new topic for discussion.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Keeping Fit by Eating SmartB.Balancing Our Daily DietC.Making Yourself a Perfect ChefD.Cooking Well for Less答案答案语篇解读本文介绍了英国节目主持人Susanna Reid创办的一档新节目Save Money:Good Food的相

23、关情况。1.B事实细节题。根据第一段的but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role可知,她创办了一档新节目,故选B项。2.C推理判断题。根据第二段第一句话(在节目Save Money:Good Food中,她每周拜访一个不同的家庭,并且在厨师Matt Tebbutt的帮助下在准备每个家庭每天低于5英镑的食谱时提供如何减少食物浪费的很好的建议)可知,Matt Tebbutt在做饭方面帮助了Susanna,故选C项。3.C推理判断题。文章前三段主要介绍了新节目Save Money:Good Food的相关情况,而第四段介绍了它和节目Save Mo

24、ney:Good Health的关系。由此推断本段主要补充这一节目的背景知识,故选C项。4.D主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章介绍了英国节目主持人Susanna Reid通过创办新节目Save Money:Good Food教给观众如何花更少的钱制作更美味的食物。故选D项。难句分析难句分析原句:And the Good Morning Britain presenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shes learnt into practice in her own home,preparing meals for sons,Sam,14

25、,Finn,13,and Jack,11.分析:本句是主从复合句。says后面跟的是一个宾语从句,省略了that。其中“what shes learnt”为of的宾语从句。“preparing meals for sons,Sam,14,Finn,13,and Jack,11”为伴随状语。译文:这位早安英国节目的主持人说,她已经能够把自己所学到的很多东西运用到自己的家中,为三个儿子(14岁的山姆、13岁的费恩和11岁的杰克)做饭。高考热词高考热词Passage 21.grill rl v.拷问,盘问2.household hashld adj.家庭的3.recipe respi n.食谱Pas

26、sage 3(2017课标全国,C)词数:325Some of the worlds most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to cele-brate the first annual International Jazz Day.UNESCO(United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization)recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music,its

27、 signifi-cance,and its potential as a unifying(联合)voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations,though,in the U.S.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older,and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.Its Jason Morans job to help change that.As the Kennedy Centers artisti

28、c adviser for jazz,Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz,make the music more accessible,and preserve its his-tory and culture.“Jazz seems like its not really a part of the American appetite,”Moran tells National Public Ra-dios reporter Neal Conan.“What Im hoping to accomplish is that my generat

29、ion and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore.Its actually color,and its actually digital.”Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost.“The music cant be presented today the way it was in 190

30、8 or 1958.It has to continue to move,because the way the world works is not the same,”says Moran.Last year,Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Wallers music for a dance party,“just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,”says Moran.“For

31、me,its the recontextualization.In music,where does the emotion(情感)lie?Are we,as humans,gaining any insight(感悟)on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts?Sometimes we lose sight that the music has

32、 a wider context,”says Moran,“so I want to continue those dia-logues.Those are the things I want to foster.”1.Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?A.To remember the birth of jazz.B.To protect cultural diversity.C.To encourage people to study music.D.To recognize the value of jazz.2.

33、What does the underlined word“that”in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Jazz becoming more accessible.B.The production of jazz growing faster.C.Jazz being less popular with the young.D.The jazz audience becoming larger.3.What can we infer about Morans opinion on jazz?A.It will disappear gradually.B.It remains

34、black and white.C.It should keep up with the times.D.It changes every 50 years.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Exploring the Future of JazzB.The Rise and Fall of JazzC.The Story of a Jazz MusicianD.Celebrating the Jazz Day答案答案语篇解读本文为说明文。虽然美国爵士乐在文化交流中起着积极的作用,但是它的前景堪忧。目前爵

35、士乐的听众越来越少,且年轻人不喜欢爵士乐。Moran试图改变其现状,他建议爵士乐要与时俱进,运用多种元素来适应现实,让其成为一种年轻人喜欢的艺术表现形式。1.D事实细节题。本题问联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)为什么把4月30日设为“国际爵士乐日”。根据第一段最后一句中的“.to raise awareness of jazz music,its significance,and.”可知联合国教科文组织设立“国际爵士乐日”的目的是让更多人了解爵士乐,了解它的意义和它在跨文化交流中的潜在作用,即让人们认识到它的价值,故答案为D项。2.C猜测词义题。第三段中that所在的句子起到承接上段的作用,由

36、此可知that所指的内容应在第二段。第二段指出爵士乐听众减少并呈现老龄化趋势,不受年轻人欢迎。改变这一点正是Jason Moran的工作,故答案为C项。3.C推理判断题。根据第五段中的“It has to continue to move,because.”可知,Moran认为爵士乐需要不断地前进,因为当今的世界和以前的已经不一样了。由此推断出Moran对爵士乐的看法应该是:爵士乐应该跟上时代的脚步。所以答案为C项。4.A主旨大意题。第一段作者提到为了让人们认识到爵士乐的价值而设立了国际爵士乐日;后面描述了爵士乐的现状,指出了为什么现在的年轻人不接受它;再结合最后一段中的“so I want

37、to continue those dialogues.Those are the things I want to foster.”可知,本文的主题就是探索爵士乐的未来,答案为A项。难句分析难句分析原句:Are we,as humans,gaining any insight on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts?分析:主句是一个一般疑问

38、句“Are we gaining any insight?”。“how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts”和前面的“how to talk about ourselves”并列,同作介词on的宾语。译文:作为人类,我们是否对如何谈论我们自己以及像查理帕克的唱片这样抽象的东西是如何使我们谈论我们的情感和思想的有了一些感悟?Passage 31.significance snfkns n.意义,重要性 2.acces

39、sible ksesbl adj.可接近的,易理解的3.preserve przv v.保护,保存4.appetite ptat n.胃口5.diversity davsti n.多样性,多样化高考热词高考热词Passage 4(2016课标全国,D)词数:332The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful,or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may als

40、o show stubbornness,uneasiness,or worry.Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable;therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙)with conversation.Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a persons needs.Many Native

41、 Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people,just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.Therefore,when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops,what may be implied(暗示)is that the person wants the listener to consider what has

42、been said before continuing.In these cultures,silence is a call for re-flection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways,particularly when dealing with conflicts among peo-ple or in relationships of people with different amounts of power.For example,Russian,French,and Spanish persons may use sil

43、ence to show agreement between parties about the topic under dis-cussion.However,Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.In still another use,persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of re

44、spect,particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so t

45、hat a patients silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.A nurse who understands the healing(治愈)value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.1.What does the author say about silence in conversations?

46、A.It implies anger.B.It promotes friendship.C.It is culture-specific.D.It is content-based.2.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?A.The Chinese.B.The French.C.The Mexicans.D.The Russians.3.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?A.Let it con

47、tinue as the patient pleases.B.Break it while treating patients.C.Evaluate its harm to patients.D.Make use of its healing effects.4.What may be the best title for the text?A.Sound and SilenceB.What It Means to Be SilentC.Silence to Native AmericansD.Speech Is Silver;Silence Is Gold答案答案语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文

48、章讲述了沉默在不同文化中所表达的不同意义及其在医疗方面的作用。1.C推理判断题。根据文章前三段可知沉默在不同文化中所表达的含义不同,由此可判断在谈话中的沉默是有文化特性的,故选C项。2.A推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知正如一些传统的中国人和泰国人做的那样,许多印第安人重视沉默,认为沉默是交流的一个基本的部分。并且在这些文化里,沉默是一个思考的需要。根据第二段的Chinese and Thai persons 可将B、C、D排除。3.D事实细节题。根据文章最后一段可知护士和其他护理人员要明白沉默的治疗价值,并且使用这种方式帮助来自自己文化的或其他文化的病人,故选D项。其他三项文中未提到。4.B主

49、旨大意题。文章主要讲述的是沉默在各种文化中所表达的不同意义及其在医疗方面的作用,故选B项,意为“沉默的意义”。难句分析难句分析原句:Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meaning of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.分析:本句为主从复合句。“Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible

50、mean-ing of silence”为主句,“when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be expe-riencing”为when引导的时间状语从句,其中“their patients may be experiencing”为定语从句,省略了关系代词that/which,修饰先行词“the personal anxiety”。译文:当护士和其他护理人员遇到病人可能经历的个人焦虑时,他们需要意识到沉默的可能含义。高考热词高考热词Passage 41.stubbornness stbnns n.倔强,顽强 2

51、.reflection rflekn n.审慎的思考,深思3.conflict knflkt n.矛盾,冲突 4.authority rti n.权力,权威Group 2Passage 1(2014山东,D)词数:282How fit are your teeth?Are you lazy about brushing them?Never fear:An inventor is on the case.An electric toothbrush senses how long and how well you brush,and it lets you track your perfor-

52、mance on your phone.The Kolibree toothbrush was exhibited at the International Consumer Electronics Show in Las Ve-gas this week.It senses how it is moved and can send the information to an Android phone or i-Phone via a Bluetooth wireless connection.The toothbrush will be able to teach you to brush

53、 right(Dont forget the insides of the teeth!)and make sure youre brushing long enough.“Its kind of like having a dentist actually watch your brushing on a day-to-day basis,”says Thomas Serval,the French inventor.The toothbrush will also be able to talk to other applications on your phone,so develope

54、rs could,for instance,create a game controlled by your toothbrush.You could score points for beating monsters among your teeth.“We try to make it smart but also fun,”Serval says.Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father.He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushe

55、d their teeth.They said“yes”,but Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry.He decided he needed a brush that really told him how well his children brushed.The company says the Kolibree will go on sale this summer,for$99 to$199,depending on features.The U.S.is the first target market.Serval says t

56、hat one day,itll be possible to replace the brush on the handle with a brushing unit that also has a camera.The camera can even examine holes in your teeth while you brush.1.Which is one of the features of the Kolibree toothbrush?A.It can sense how users brush their teeth.B.It can track users school

57、 performance.C.It can detect users fear of seeing a dentist.D.It can help users find their phones.2.What can we learn from Servals words in Paragraph 3?A.You will find it enjoyable to see a dentist.B.You should see your dentist on a day-to-day basis.C.You can brush with the Kolibree as if guided by

58、a dentist.D.Youd like a dentist to watch you brush your teeth every day.3.Which of the following might make the Kolibree toothbrush fun?A.It can be used to update mobile phones.B.It can be used to play mobile phone games.C.It can send messages to other users.D.It can talk to its developers.4.What is

59、 Paragraph 5 mainly about?A.How Serval found out his kids lied to him.B.Why Serval thought brushing teeth was necessary.C.How Serval taught his kids to brush their teeth.D.What inspired Serval to invent the toothbrush.5.What can we infer about Servals children?A.They were unwilling to brush their te

60、eth.B.They often failed to clean their toothbrushes.C.They preferred to use a toothbrush with a dry head.D.They liked brushing their teeth after Serval came home.6.What can we learn about the future development of the Kolibree?A.The brush handle will be removed.B.A mobile phone will be built into it

61、.C.It will be used to fill holes in teeth.D.It will be able to check users teeth.答案答案语篇解读本文是一篇说明文,题材为科普知识类。一位发明者发明了一种电子牙刷,它不仅可以帮人们正确刷牙,而且还可以通过蓝牙和手机上的应用程序连接起来。1.A事实细节题。根据第一段最后一句话可知这种电子牙刷可以检测你刷牙的时间和刷牙的质量,也能在手机上跟踪记录你的表现。故选A项。2.C推理判断题。在第三段那位法国发明者Serval说:“就好像有个牙医每天都在看着你刷牙。”由此可知用这种电子牙刷刷牙犹如得到专业牙医的指导,故选C。3.

62、B事实细节题。根据第四段可知这种新发明的牙刷可以和手机上的程序连接,比如由牙刷控制的一款游戏,不仅显得智能而且还有趣。故选B项。4.D主旨大意题。本段的中心句是第一句。Serval说他这个发明的灵感是自己做父亲的经历激发出的。所以这一段具体介绍了是什么让他有发明这种牙刷的想法,故选D项。5.A推理判断题。第五段中Serval下班回家问孩子们是否刷牙了,孩子们说刷过了,但是Ser-val却发现牙刷头是干的。根据孩子们撒谎这件事可以推断出来他们不愿意刷牙,故选A。6.D事实细节题。最后一段Serval认为将来有一天有可能用带有摄像头的刷牙装置来代替有手柄的传统的牙刷头,摄像头甚至可以在你刷牙的时候

63、检查你的牙洞。所以答案应为D项。难句分析难句分析原句:An electric toothbrush senses how long and how well you brush,and it lets you track your performance on your phone.分析:and连接两个并列的分句:An electric toothbrush senses how.和it lets you track your per-formance。how long and how well you brush为senses的宾语从句。译文:电动牙刷能感应你刷牙的时间和效果,它还能让你在你

64、的手机上追踪你的表现。高考热词高考热词Passage 11.be on the case负责处理某个问题2.via va prep.经由;通过3.monster mnst(r)n.怪物4.go on sale出售Passage 2(2013山东,A)词数:332Jimmy is an automotive mechanic,but he lost his job a few months ago.He has a good heart,but al-ways feared applying for a new job.One day,he gathered up all his strengt

65、h and decided to attend a job interview.His appointment was at 10 am and it was already 8:30.While waiting for a bus to the office where he was supposed to be interviewed,he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car.Obviously there was some-thing wrong with the car.Jimmy immediately went

66、 up to lend him a hand.When Jimmy finished working on the car,the old man asked him how much he should pay for the service.Jimmy said there was no need to pay him;he just helped someone in need,and he had to rush for an interview.Then the old man said,“Well,I could take you to the office for your interview.Its the least I could do.Please,I insist.”Jimmy agreed.Upon arrival,Jimmy found a long line of applicants waiting to be interviewed.Jimmy still had some grease on him after the car repair,but