大学物理实验课后答案(清华大学出版社)

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1、大学物理实验习题标准答案1.(1)4位(2)4位3位5位2.(1)5x10mm(2)1.37x103mm3.(1)l=(2.00.1)Km(2)m=(72.30.4)Kgh=(2.7300.2)x105Km4.(1)91.3(2)1.00004x1031.00(3)1位(4)3位3位(8)无穷多位(3)4x10mm(4)6.0x10-3mm(3) v=(1.230.02)m/s(5) E=(1.930.07)x10iiN/m2(3) 3.9x105 (4.0x105)(7) 0.8m3(4) 1.00(8) 1.00x104 (100x102)5.C3 237N = A + B C = 0.5

2、768 + 85.07 33=84.57( cm)(Q 丫I 3丿N = 84.57 土 0.02 (cm )0.0002 2 + 0.02 2 +(0.002 2u 0.02( cm)令 z = V =侖=1.000 x 10-3(cm-1),Q = 0.1% x z = 1 x 10 -6(cm -1),zz = z1=z侖=04%，=(1000 土 1 )x 10 -6 (cm -1)R = -x =x 67.0 = 84.2(0)b 10.871Y / 0.02 2 ( 0.005 2 ( 0.8 2V 13.65 丿V 10.871 丿V 67丿v =+ 1.3662h - h 45

3、.51 -12.201 2dvophh1 丿、1 丿I2 +Qvo卫hh2丿、2 丿(h 丫2oV (h - h )2 勺丿v 1 2 丿(h 丫1oV (h - h )2 h2 丿v 1 2 丿12V (46 -12)2v = 1.3662 土 0.0008x 0.02+丿、2V (46 -12)2 x 0.02,46Q 46 x 0.02 = 0.0008(46 -12)2=$(0.002匕 +(0.0005 匕 +(0.012匕 q 0.012 = 1.2%=1.2% x R = 1.0(0),R = (84 土 1)0h45.511 3662(d cos xaV dxx 丿cos x

4、= cos18 o21 = 0.94915 土 0.00009,有效数字为五位x = 18。21土 1, a = 1 =0.0003rad,xa =cos xY = | sin x|a = sin18 21x 0.0003 rad = 0.00009,x6. (1)=-2,(aN)2(aN)2(aN)2G =G+G+GN .axx 丿(a y y 丿(a z z 丿a na na nN = x + y - 2 z,=1,=1,a xa za na n2 yx yN =a x(x(aN)2(aN )G+G.axx 丿(a y y 丿+ y2N12G 2 + x 2G 2a Vv1 + ataVa

5、N 32(1 + at)2V 22GGQ)G(B - C )2A2D 2 aAl(B - C ) D _I 7.(1) 32.50mm(3) 0.500mm2(B - C ) D+ 2aB2(B - C ) D2aC2(B - C)22 (a FV 2丿(B - C)243.25mm0.324mm(D 、2aV A(2),+ 4D21 a 2 +a 2 |,+45.22mm80.0mA1 丫 142.3 +142.7 + L +142.38. R = R =n i i=1 _R - R = 0.45( 0), R - R = -0.35( 0), L , R2 策(R - Rn (n -1)同

6、理:9. l =52.78mm80V10142.25( 0),10a )2FV 2丿R - R = 142.3 -142.25 = 0.05( 0), 1-R = 0.05( 0),0.052 + 0.452 + L + 0.052耐刁 =0.102( 0),S 2 + u 2 = 1.2( 0), R(T 2R = R a = (142土 1)0或者:RA=烏=0.1 s1.7=0.06 s,(Qin laV Qtt 丿2a2atnTt1% x T电桥=专=1.2( 0),=(142.3 土 1.2) 0册2=6，至少为6周期(a in v (ahh 丿分配不确定度的合理条件是:詈ainVd

7、h，即:h( 2+ -h II h丿(2 V d丿亠 有：-d 0.18% ； h = 005 = 0.03 (cm)；v31.70.03而：米尺,游标卡尺,螺旋测微仪,米 = 4% ;D 0.8 0.002卡=0.15% ;D0.80.0003千=0.04% ;D0.80.0021.70.03米 = = 1% ;h3.20.002卡=0.04% ;h 3.20.0012 (cm)；测量范围为025mm,千寻=罟5 = 0.0003(cm儿不满足精度要求。满足精度要求。不能测量h。所以用游标卡尺即可。11 逐差法.D (U -U ) + (U -U ) + (U -U ) + (U -U )

8、+ (U -U ) + (U -U )11.逐差法：R =7+8293104+5126(I I ) + (I I ) + (I I ) + (I I ) + (I I ) + (I I )718293104115126_(5.99 0.00) + (6.98 1.00) + (8.002.01)+ (9.00 3.05) + (9.99 4.00) + (11.00 5.01)(12.00 0.00) + (14.00 2.00) + (16.00 4.00) + (18.00 6.00) + (20.00 8.00) + (22.00 10.00)所以，U-1函数为：U = 498.5I5.

9、99 + 5.98 + 5.99 + 5.95 + 5.99 + 5.9935.89498.5(0),U(v)U-I函数关系图(40 -10) + (50 - 20) + (60 - 30)30 + 30 + 30因为：y = aT - b,1 yy =乙丫kiT = 1 tki_i=1-w- 610 + 20 + 30 + 40 + 50 + 602匹6L , T = 333( K)670.300( x 103 N m-1)t=1 y t=-k ii=1-1 yy = yy =-k ii=1云=1 y 2 = k i i=1Ty = 1 y T y k i i1283 + 293 + 303

10、 + 313 + 323 + 3331848=308.0( K)6 674.22 + 72.75 + 71.18 + 69.56 + 67.91 + 66.18421.8062832 + 2932 + 3032 + 3132 + 3232 + 3332570934 = 95155.67( K2)(Y -y ) + (y -y ) + (y -y )(69.56 - 74.22) + (67.91 - 72.75) + (66.18 - 71.18)5a =4+5263=(a a ) + (a a ) + (a a )415263(-4.66) + (-4.84) + (-5.00)-14.50

11、=-0.16( x 103 N m-1 K-1)90所以：T = aT -b,b = aT -y74.22 + 72.75 + 71.18 + 69.56 + 67.91 + 66.18421.80=70.30( x 103 N m-1) 635.0( C) = 35.0 + 273.15 = 308.2( K)=119( x 103 N - m-1)b = aT -T = -0.16 x 308.2 - 70.30 =-49 - 70.30(b)最小二乘法：y = aT - b = (-b) + aT,先将 T的单位由 C换成 K: T = 10 + 273.15 = 283( K), T

12、= 293( K),26 6283 x 74.22 + 293 x 72.75 + L + 333 x 66.18129632.7=21605.45( x 103 N m- 6b = T T-匸 云=38.o x 212567z 7.3o 从 9515567 = 119.8792 = 119.88T 2 T 2b = 119.88308.02 95155.67103 - N - m-1)103 - N - m-1)T 呵珥 _ 308.0 x 70.300 21605.67308.02 95155.67_0.16097 _ 0.16( x 103 - N - m-1 - K-1)(注：a的有效位数取到与y对齐，由于T T _ 333 283 _ 50(C)是2位有效数字，丫 -丫)6 1 6 1卜66.18 74.22 _ 8.04(x 103 N -m-1)是3位有效数字，所以b取有效位数较少者，即2位。丿