嵌入式LINUX操作系统原理：chp1-1 嵌入式系统概述

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1、Chp1-1 Overview of embedded systemsKey points:n嵌入式系统的概念嵌入式系统的概念 Concepts of embedded systemn嵌入式系统的组成嵌入式系统的组成 The composition of embedded systemn嵌入式处理器嵌入式处理器 Embedded processorOverview of embedded systemsKey points:n嵌入式操作系统嵌入式操作系统 Embedded operating systemn嵌入式系统的应用嵌入式系统的应用 Application of embedded sys

2、temn嵌入式系统的发展趋势嵌入式系统的发展趋势 Development trend of embedded systemOverview of embedded systemsKey points:n嵌入式系统的概念嵌入式系统的概念 Concepts of embedded systemn嵌入式系统的组成嵌入式系统的组成 The composition of embedded systemn嵌入式处理器嵌入式处理器 Embedded processorConcepts of embedded systemWhat is embedded system?Examples:Mobile phon

3、e,Digital camera,Car GPS navigatornDefinition of embedded system:以应用为中心，以计算机技术为基础，以应用为中心，以计算机技术为基础，软硬件软硬件可剪裁可剪裁，能满足应用系统对，能满足应用系统对功能功能、可靠性可靠性、成本成本、体积体积、功耗功耗等方面有严格要求的等方面有严格要求的专用计算机系统专用计算机系统。Concepts of embedded systemnDefinition of embedded system:The Special purpose computer system which are centered

4、 in application,based on computer technology,and their software and hardware can be cut out,they can meet the strict requirements of the application system for function,reliability,cost,volume,and power.n Characteristics of embedded system:与通用的计算机系统相比较与通用的计算机系统相比较,有如下特点有如下特点:Compared with the genera

5、l computer system,it has the following characteristics:1）面向特定应用面向特定应用,一般都有一般都有实时要求实时要求;For specific applications,there are generally real-time requirements.Most embedded processors are specially designed for specific applications.They have the characteristics of low power consumption,small size and

6、high integration.They are generally on-chip systems with various peripheral device interfaces.2）是集先进的计算机技术、半导体工艺、电子技是集先进的计算机技术、半导体工艺、电子技术和通信网络技术于一体术和通信网络技术于一体,并且在并且在不断创新的知识不断创新的知识集成系统集成系统。Its a constantly innovating knowledge integration system which integrates advanced computer technology,semicondu

7、ctor technology,electronic technology and communication network technology.3）嵌入式系统是和具体应用对象有机地结合在一嵌入式系统是和具体应用对象有机地结合在一起起,因而其因而其升级换代升级换代也是也是和具体的产品同步进行和具体的产品同步进行的。的。Embedded system is organically integrated with the specific application object,so its upgrade and replacement is also synchronized with th

8、e specific products.4）嵌入式系统的硬件和软件都必须具备嵌入式系统的硬件和软件都必须具备高度可定高度可定制性制性，只有这样才能适应嵌入式系统应用的需要，只有这样才能适应嵌入式系统应用的需要，在产品在产品价格、性能价格、性能等方面具备竞争力。等方面具备竞争力。The hardware and software of embedded system must be highly customizable.Only in this way can it meet the needs of embedded system application and be competitive

9、 in product price and performance.5）嵌入式系统嵌入式系统不具备本地系统开发能力不具备本地系统开发能力，通常需，通常需要有一套要有一套专门的开发工具和环境专门的开发工具和环境。Embedded systems do not have the ability to develop local systems,and usually need a set of special development tools and environments.Overview of embedded systemsKey points:n嵌入式系统的概念嵌入式系统的概念 Con

10、cepts of embedded systemn嵌入式系统的组成嵌入式系统的组成 The composition of embedded systemn嵌入式处理器嵌入式处理器 Embedded processorThe composition of embedded system Embedded system is usually composed of embedded processor,embedded peripherals,embedded operating system and embedded application software.The composition of

11、 embedded system 2.2.嵌入式嵌入式外围设备外围设备(Embedded peripherals)Auxiliary functions(辅助功能):Storage,communication,protection,debugging and displayMemory：RAM、SRAM、DRAM、ROM、EPROM EEPROM、FLASHI/O Interface：RS-232、IRDA（红外线数据输入输出）SPI（串行外设接口）、I2C（现场总线）、USB、Ethernet、EPP。Input and Output Equipments：Keyboard、CRT、LCD

12、Touch screenOverview of embedded systemsKey points:n嵌入式系统的概念嵌入式系统的概念 Concepts of embedded systemn嵌入式系统的组成嵌入式系统的组成 The composition of embedded systemn嵌入式处理器嵌入式处理器 Embedded processor嵌入式处理器嵌入式处理器(Embedded processor)*核心部件(Key units)嵌入式微控制器嵌入式微控制器(Embeded Microcontroller UnitEMCU）Similar to Singlechip(单片

13、机)51，AVR嵌入式微处理器嵌入式微处理器(Embeded Microprocessor UnitEMPU)MIPS,ARM,POWERPC嵌入式嵌入式DSP处理器处理器(EDSP)Used to do high-speed data processing (FIR,FFT,image/speech processing)TI:TMS320 Motorola:DSP5600 嵌入式片上系统嵌入式片上系统(System On ChipSOC)嵌入式处理器嵌入式处理器(Embedded processor)Selection:Select dedicated integrated process

14、ors CPU integrating many peripherals Example:Motorola 68360 interating communication systemSelect low power processors Handheld deviceSelect high-performance process PowerPC DSPOverview of embedded systemsKey points:n嵌入式操作系统嵌入式操作系统 Embedded operating systemn嵌入式系统的应用嵌入式系统的应用 Application of embedded s

15、ystemn嵌入式系统的发展趋势嵌入式系统的发展趋势 Development trend of embedded system Function:Memory allocation Interruption processing Task scheduling Embedded operating systemThe core of embedded system Classification:Real time:Control,Communication,Medical VxWorks,C/OS,C/OS-,QNX Non real time:Consumer electronics Emb

16、edded Linux,Windows CE RTOS(Real time Operating System)Difference between RTOS and general OS:Real time:Fast response speed:us Execution time is determined and predictable.Small size code 10100KB Application program development is difficult Dedicated development tools:Simulator,Compiler,Debugger RTO

17、S(Real time Operating System)Composition of RTOS:Real time kernel,File system,Network components GUI(Graphical User Interface)RTOS(Real time Operating System)Composition of RTOS:Real time kernel(Multitask):Task/timer/memory/interrupt management Communication and synchronization between tasks Executi

18、on time is determined and predictable.File system Can be cut down Network components Implementing protocols(协议)of link layer,network layer and transport layer GUI(Graphical User Interface,图形用户接口)RTOS(Real time Operating System)Characteristics of RTOS:Support synchronization(同步同步)synchronization betw

19、een processes(进程)coordinate shared data(协调共享数据)Priority(优先权优先权)mechanism for interrupt and scheduling tasks Support preemptive scheduling(抢占式调度抢占式调度)Determined task switching and interrupt delay time Important!Support for asynchronous event(异步事件异步事件)response Response to external events(外部事件外部事件)with

20、in specified time Embedded operating system Commonly used:Windows CE Linux 变体版本:RTLinux(Realtime),CLinux(no MMU)C/OS&C/OS-:real time VxWorks（WINDRIVER）:real time The industry standard of embedded software Excellent,but expensive.Palm OS（3Com）Palmtop computer PDA QNX:real time Microkernel（微内核，12KB）pS

21、OS（ISI）:real time One of the earliest real-time operating systems Modularized(模块化的),Extensible(可扩展的)Delta OS (电子科大、电子科大、北京科银公司联合北京科银公司联合开发，开发，全中文的全中文的OSOS)Include:DeltaCORE,DeltaNET,DeltaFILE,DeltaGUI Development Kit(开发套件)：LamdaTOOL Successfully applied in communication,network,information appliance

22、s and other fields Embedded operating system Some new operating systems:Android MontaVistaOverview of embedded systemsKey points:n嵌入式操作系统嵌入式操作系统 Embedded operating systemn嵌入式系统的应用嵌入式系统的应用 Application of embedded systemn嵌入式系统的发展趋势嵌入式系统的发展趋势 Development trend of embedded system Application of embedded

23、 system Application of embedded system(1)Information appliance network(信息家电网络)Information appliance-All appliances that can interact with each other through the network system（所有能够通过网络系统交互信息的家电产品）Intelligent home(智能家居)connect to Internet Embedded LINUX fit for Information appliance network realtime,adaptability and reliability,small core(2)Military defense(3)Traffic electronic equipments Application of embedded system(4)Medical instruments(5)Industrial control Development trend of embedded system Networking Small size,small power consumption,low cost Multimedia man-machine interface