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1、现在完成时态 （一）定义：两种情况 1表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的结果或影响 2从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态，强调的是现在的情况，将来还有可能继续下去。（二）基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)PS:根据主语的单复数来确定助动词是选用have 还是 has.肯定句：1主语+have/has+done.2主语+have/has+been+doing这是现在完成进行时同样插在现在完成时态这里，也是提到主要的用法，特别地它带有一些感情色彩如激动、抱怨 Eg:I have trained 80 students since I joined the ed
2、ucation institution(教育机构)Eg:He has been debugging the equipment over the two hours.译：在过去的两个小时里，他一直在调试设备。（暗含着现在还在调试，还有可能继续下去）调试的动词原形：debug 否定结构：主语+havent/hasnt+done+一般疑问句中：Have/Has+主语+done+?肯定回答：Yes,主语+have/has.否定回答：No,主语+have/has not.Eg:Have you ever been to an amusement park?肯定回答：Yes,I have.否定回答：No
3、,I havent.注意：have/has been to+地点：去过某地（已回），表示“到(去)过某处”，现在已不在那个地方。在谈起自己曾经去过某个地方时，可以用到。区别于：have/has gone to+地点：去了某地（未回），表示“去/到了某处”Eg:Has she gone to Hongkong?译：她已经去香港了吗？(已到达香港还未回来或者在去香港的路上)上述的 have/has been to 和 have/has gone to 可以用来表达自己平常出差的一种状态。特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词（What/Why/Who/）+have/has+主语+done？（三）具体用法 1）过去
4、发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作。常见的状语有：now，already,yet,ever(曾经),ever since（自那时起），never,till/until,this week/month/year，many times 等包括现在时间在内的状语。Eg：I have been over my English study plan now.（be over 代替了finish）Eg:I think that the problem is that I havent(yet)figured out what I want.划线句子做整个句子的宾语从句，句子的结构比较复
5、杂，仔细分析 译：我认为问题就是我还没有弄清楚自己要的是什么 Eg:Whats the best gift you have ever received?定语从句修饰gift Eg:The shop has been open ever since.Eg:We should say that we havenever seen so excellent a film as The Twilight Sagabefore.译：我们必须承认在此之前我们从未看过像暮光之城这样棒的电影.Eg:Until you tell me the thing completely now,I have maste
6、red all of it.译：直到你现在完整地告诉我这件事，我才掌握了全部的情况。Eg:This is the third time that I have been to the clinic(诊所)this week.2）表示从过去开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在，常用 for 和 since 后接表示一段时间的状语，so far(到目前为止)，up to now(到现在为止),in/over the past/few/数词 years(在过去的几年里)Eg:I have taught the course for one and half an hour.译：我已经讲了一个半小时的课了。
7、teach-taught-taught Eg:Mark has worked here since he left college.Eg:We ve only raised 2000 dollars so far,but were still 500 short of the amount we need.be short of 缺少 译：到现在为止我们已经筹集了 2000 元，但是离我们所需的数目仍然还差500 元。Eg:I have travelled eleven provinces up to now.译：到现在为止我已经游历了十一个省份。Eg:Great changes have t
8、aken place in my hometown in the past few years.译：在过去的几年时间里我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。（这是常用句）3）在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中表达将来某时已经完成的动作。Eg:When you have learned English,you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge.Because the limits of your language are the limits of your world.译：当你学会英语之后，你将找到一条通往丰富知识的桥梁。因为你语言的边界就是你人生的边界。W
9、ell start at six if it has stopped raining by then.译：如果那时雨已经停了，我们就在六点出发 4）下列句型中常用完成时态：This is the first/second/third+time+that 从句 that 从句的谓语要用现在完成时，译为：这是第几次做某事 （这一块有关时态的问题和过去完成时有交叉，怕给你看混了，以后会给你分开他们的区别）Eg:This is the second time that I have published an article in the newspaper.译：这已经是我第二次在该报纸上发表文章 It
10、 is 一段时间+since 从句(过去完成时)has been Eg:It has been thirteen years since Jolin and Jay Chou broke up.has been 可换成 is,break-broke-broken break up 分手、关系破裂 译：自从 Jolin 和 Jay Chou 分手已经 13 年了。Eg:It has been two years since my brother joined the army.参军 This is the best/finest/most interesting等形容词最高级+that+从句（现
11、在完成时）Eg:This is the stable marketing channel that I have been in charge of the area.be in charge of 负责/执掌/管理 译：这是我负责的这个地区最为稳定的销售渠道。Now comes your turn to examine yourself 1、-Can you tell me what time the flight to Australia leaves?-Im sorry,but it _due to the fog.but 常用来解释 sorry 的原因 A has been cance
12、led B had been canceled C has canceled D had canceled 2、This is the third time that I have_ the maximal exercise.A have tried B tried C try to D try try 动词：尝试着，努力 try-tried-tried try to do sth 尽力做某事 try doing sth 试着做某事 try sth 尝试某事 the maximal exercise 极限运动 3、We _ the matter several times this year.A have discussed B has discussed C have been discussing D has been discussing 译：我们今年已数次讨论那件事。（这句话带有说话者“抱怨“的感情）4、I like these English songs and they _ many times on the radio.A taught B have taught C are taught D have been taught
现在完成时态(语法专题)——张丽琳
