人教版英语必修五unit5知识点33801

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1、必修五 unit5 知识点详解 1 Aid(v)帮助;援助=help sb 帮助某人去做.aid sb to do 在事帮助某人 aid sb in He aided me in business.I aided her to continue her study.At Christmas,many organizations aid the poor.n /U/帮助;援助 在某人的帮助下 with the aid of 为了帮助 in aid of Teachers give their lessons with the aid of computers.He raised money in

2、 aid of the sick.知识拓展：give/offer aid 援助 come to sb.s aid 帮助某人 cut off aid（突然）终止援助 a hearing aid 助听器 teaching aids 教具 medical aid 医疗救护 2.temporary 暂时的，临时的 temporary relief from pain 短暂的解痛 temporary work/solution 临时工作/解决办法 3.fall ill fall+adj.ill asleep awake sick silent 4 get+过去分词 表被动或状态 The computer

3、 got damaged when we were moving.My bike is getting repaired now.My glasses got broken while I was playing basketball.Peter and Mary got married last year.get done get injured 受伤 get dressed 穿衣服 get damaged 遭到破坏 get changed 改变 get married 结婚 get infected 被感染 get broken 被弄破 get lost 迷失，走失 5 injure v.

4、injury to sth.（部位）的伤 injuries to the legs got injured injury injured hurt 肉体，精神上的伤害（一般用语），疼痛 injure 意外或事故而受伤 wound 指外伤（刀、枪、剑伤）6.bleed-blood-bloody(v.)(n.)(adj.)His nose was bleeding.=He was bleeding at the nose.=He has a bloodynose.他在流鼻血。bleed for 为而流血,悲痛 bleed to death 出血过多而死 lose blood 流血、失血 flesh

5、 and blood 血肉之躯 7.choke vi.&vt.窒息;阻塞 She choked with emotion.她激动得说不出话来。The smoke almost choked me.烟呛得我几乎喘不出气来。At the bad news,he couldnt choke back his tear 听到这则噩耗，他抑制不住自己的眼泪。The man gave a few chokes and then got his breath.那个男人噎了几下才喘过气来。adj.最重要的，不可缺少的，本质的 1)Sun and water are essential to the growt

6、h of crops.阳光和水是农作物生长不可缺的。2)It is essential for us to set our study goal.我们有必要来设定我们的学习目标。3)It is essential that you(should)win the voters hearts.赢得选民的信任是至关重要的。-当用 it 充当主语而用它充当表语时，that 从句的谓语动词用 should+动词原形。9.You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease,act as 作为.barrier 屏障,障碍物

7、,隔阂 You should show the ticket at the barrier.The language barrier 10 poison n./vt.毒药，毒害；毒害，使中毒 eg:1)Poisons must be put out of childrens reach.毒药一定要放在孩子们够不到的地方。2)This matter will make some poison to the crops.这种物质会对庄稼造成毒害。3)Books of this kind can make poison to children.这类书会对儿童造成毒害。4)Heroin has poi

8、soned a lot of people.海洛因毒害了很多人。5)The polluted water in the river poisoned people here.污染了的河水使这儿的人中毒。-poisonous adj.有毒(害)的 eg:This medicine is poisonous if taken in large quantities.against/from 保护不受的损害 preventfrom doing 阻止 protect your eyes from strong light to protect you against cold prevent them

9、 from getting married prevent sb.(from)doing stop sb.(from)doing keep sb.from doing 12.sense(n.&v.)five senses：sense of smell sense of hearing the sixth sense sense of touch sense of sight sense of taste sense of humour、duty、direction The man has no common sense.(无常识)What he said made no sense.(没道理)

10、sense(v.)感觉到 Although she didnt say anything,I sensed that she didnt like the idea.(我感觉到她不喜欢这个主意）as you can imagine,if your skin gets burned,it can be very serious.该句是一个主从复合句，主句为：So if your skin gets burned,it can be very serious；从句为：as you can imagine.as 引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面的内容，有“正如”或“就象”的意思；它所引 的从句位置较灵

11、活，可以位于句首、句中或句末。另外，该句的主句中还含有一个 if 引导的条件状语从句。请看类似的句子：As you can see,if they are not properly protected,the farmlands will become desserts sooner or later.正如你所看到的，这些农田如果保护不当迟早会变成沙漠。as we all know =as is known to all as we expect =as is expected as everybody can see as you can imagine 不同的，各种各样的 There ar

12、e various colors to choose from.vary vi 1.(in sth)be different in size,volume,strength,etc(体积、容积、力量等)呈现不同 Opinions vary on this point.15.vary (with sth);(from sth to sth)change,esp according to some factor 改变,变动,变化（尤指伴随某种因素而产生）Prices vary with seasons.物价随季节而变动 Her mood varied from optimism to extrem

13、e depression.她的情绪由乐观一变而为极度消沉 variety n.变化，多样性，种类 We all need variety in our diet.我们都需要饮食多样化 The shopping center sells a variety of goods a variety of+名词,谓语动词的数和后面的名词保持一致 on 取决于,依赖,依靠,信赖,信任 His whole family depends on him 他全家都靠他养活.He is a man to be depended on 他是个可以信赖的人 dependent (adj.)dependence(n.)

14、independent(adj.)independence(n.)17.mild-milder-mildest-mildly Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan,stove or iron for a moment.mild 在这个句子中的意思是“轻微的、不严重的”。如：Edward suffered from a mild heart attack.爱德华犯了轻微的心脏病。mild 还可以表示“温和的、暖和的；味淡的”如：Shes the mildest person I have ever

15、 met in my life.她是我平生见到过的最温柔的人了 a mild climate 温暖的天气 mild cheese 淡味奶酪 18.词语辨析:electric 电的,发电的,由电产生的,用于导电的.electrical 有关电的,与电有关的.electricity 电,电力.电力学 electric generator 发电机,electric cooker 电炉,electric iron 电熨斗,electric engineer 电机工程师 vt./vi.Swell swelled/swelled swollen 使膨胀，使(力量，数目等)增长，使壮大，The wind s

16、welled the sails.风使船帆鼓起。His injured wrist began to swell(up).他那受伤的手腕开始肿起。Her face swelled up with toothche.The wind swelled into a storm.风力渐增，终于形成一场暴风雨。a small business swelled into a big company.壮大 4)Never swell with pride when you make some contributions.有了贡献不要沾沾自喜。swell with pride/anger 得意洋洋、怒气冲冲

17、 The doctor examined the swelling on my back.swollen adj.肿胀的 His eyelid is swollen.他眼皮肿了。stick sth.to sth.粘住 Stick the glue to my fingers.stick to doing sth stick to 坚持 stick to ones view 坚持自己的观点 21.jewellery=jewelry 珠宝(总称)不可数 jewel 可数，珠宝，珍视的人、物 jewel jewellery jewels She appeared at the reception w

18、earing her finest jewels.She locked her jewels in the jewellery box.burns immediately with cool but not icy water.立即用凉水给伤口冲凉，但不要用冰水-y 是个形容词后缀。如：windy 有风 hilly 多小山的 sleepy 困倦的 greeny 略呈绿色的 spicy 辛辣的 woody 树木茂密的 23.unbearable 不能忍受的 un不能.,无法.unforgettable unwilling unusual uncertain unfair unfit unbeli

19、evable unfortunate unlike uncomfortable 24.squeeze 挤；压；塞 squeeze sth.into sth.把塞进 squeeze sth.from/out of sth.挤出 squeeze through 挤过 squeeze sth.out of sb.敲诈逼某人说出 I squeezed myself onto the crowded train.He squeezed everything into a suitcase.She watched her grandma squeeze the juice out of a lemon a

20、ttentively Although I am busy,I still can squeeze you in at 10 oclock Those blackmailers intended to squeeze more money out of him.那些勒索者打算向他榨取更多钱。Ill never give in to you,and you can squeeze nothing out of me The little boy is squeezing the toothpaste from the tube onto the toothbrush 25.over and ov

21、er again List some phrases or words that have similar meaning over and over again and again over and again many times repeatedly from time to time now and then now and again Sometimes At times 26.Hold the bandage in place with tape.用胶布把绷带固定。in place 在适当的地方。如：The librarian put the returned books in p

22、lace.图书馆员把还回的图书放到原处。Youd better put things back in place.你最好把你的东西放回原位。Her dress was out of place at the ceremony.（不得体,不适当）in place 还有“准备就绪”的意思。如：The arrangements for the concert next Saturday are all in place.周六的音乐会已经准备就绪。With everything in place,she started the slide show.1.倒,灌,注 She poured herself

23、 another cup of tea.她为自己又倒了一杯茶。2.倾注;大量投入;大量生产 They have poured money into the tourist industry.他们已经把大笔钱投入了旅游业。3 倾吐,诉说 She often pours her troubles to friends.她经常向朋友们倾诉自己的苦恼。不及物动词 vi.1.倾泻,涌流 The crowd poured out of the concert hall.人群从音乐厅涌出来。Sweat poured from Martins face.马丁脸上汗如雨下。2.斟茶 Shall I pour 我

24、来斟茶好吗 3(雨)倾盆而降(+down)The rain poured steadily down.大雨不停地倾盆而下。Pour cold water on/over 对泼冷水 Pour oil on the flames 火上浇油 Pour oil on troubled waters 平息风波 Reading2 1 award,reward,prize award 指正式地或官方地颁发，授予，给予；也可以指法庭裁决给予。如：The school principal awarded a prize in history to the best student.学校校长将历史奖授予最出色的学

25、生。reward“报答，报偿，奖赏”，表示由于做了某事而应该得到的东西。如：The fireman received a reward for saving the childs life.因救了小孩的命，消防员提到一笔奖金。prize“奖赏，奖金，奖品”，尤指在比赛中获得的荣誉。如：Hundreds of prizes can be won in our newspaper competition.参加我们报纸的竞赛可以赢得数以百计的奖品。n.(U)荣誉，尊敬;名誉 Its a point of honor with me to reply all my debts promptly.(C)

26、引以为荣的人/事，只用单数。(D)The successful launch of the“Shenzhou VI”is an honor to our country.do sb an honor/the honor（of doing sth）使某人有特殊的荣幸,赏光 Will you do me the honor of dining with me 可否赏光和我一起吃饭 in sbs/sths honor 出于对的敬意 We are planning a big Christmas party in your honor.我们正筹备为你举行一次盛大的圣诞晚会。in honor of，为纪

27、念，为庆祝 A monument was built in honor of the heroes who gave up their lives during the war.为了纪念在战争中献身的英雄们，建立了一座纪念碑。v.给予表扬（或奖励、头衔、称号）1 honor sb/sth（with sth）The President honored us with a personal visit.2 be honored for 因而受到尊敬 Dr Bethune was honored for his selfless work.白求恩大夫由于他无私的工作而受到赞誉。3 be/feel h

28、onored that很荣幸能做 I am honored that you should notice me.我很荣幸您能注意到我。4 be/feel honored to do 很荣幸能做。I am honored to be here with you.能和你在这里我感到很荣幸。an honored guest 贵宾 3 present v.Joan was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of the life of another.1.赠送 present+sth.+to+sb.把

29、某物送给某人 present+sb.+with sth.赠送某人某物 2.introduce(sb)formally 正式介绍 She presented her boyfriend to us.她把男朋友介绍给我们。3.show 显示,呈现 a smiling face 显出一张笑脸 4.描述 The characters in the novel are vividly ed.小说中人物被描写得很生动 adj.作前置定语,“目前的,现在的”作后置定语,“出席的,在场的 the present members the members present n.gift 礼物 相关短语：the pr

30、esent day 今天(=today)at presentat the present timenow 现在 for the present 暂时 the present 现在(相当于名词)be present at 出席;到场 4).ceremony n.(C)典礼；仪式 (U)礼节；礼仪；客套 The wedding ceremony was beautiful.There is no need for ceremony between us.Expressions:stand on ceremony 拘泥礼节；讲究客套 with ceremony 正式；隆重 without cerem

31、ony 不拘礼节地；随便地 The head of state was welcomed with full ceremony.人们以最高规格的仪式欢迎国家首脑。5).John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.此句型中 when 作并列连词相当于 and then 意为”正当时突然”,常用于以下句型：be doing when 正在做突然 be about to do when 即将做突然 be on the point to dowhen正要去做.突然 has/have/had donewhen 刚刚这时(突然)6 cut o

32、nes finger 割破手指 have ones hair cut 理发 cut expenses 减少费用 cut a class 逃学 Was your salary cut 你的薪水减少了吗 习惯用语：be cut out for 有做某事的天赋;适合于;与.相配合 short cut 捷径,近路(一般和 make,take 连用;有时用作定语)draw cuts 抽签 cut about 乱切,乱砍 乱跑 cut at 向.砍去 猛打 毁掉 cut away 切除,剪掉 匆匆跑掉 cut back(on)减少;剪短;倒叙;缩减;中断;cut down 削减,压缩 砍倒 使丧命 比.强

33、;使.逊色 cut in 插进来说,插嘴 夹进来,夹塞 干预 超车 cut into 插进来,参加(谈话),打断(别人的话);减少,缩减;切开;侵犯(利益)cut off 切断,停掉 隔绝,挡住 死掉 使电话中断 切剪下来 剥夺(继承权)cut out 删掉 停止 (机器)失灵 number of+可数名词，谓语用复数，意为“许多，大量的.”，the number of+可数名词，谓语用单数，意为“.的数量”eg:1)A number of problems have arisen.已经出现了很多问题。2)The number of colleges has increased in the

34、past 10 years.在过去的十年里，大学的数量有所增加。-其他表示“许多，大量”的短语：a great/good many a large/great/good/small number of +可数名词 a good few/quite a few many a much a great/good deal of a great/large amount of +不可数名词 quite a little a lot of/lots of a great/large quanitity of +可数或不可数名词 large quanitities of plenty of ones h

35、ands on 找到 eg:Few of the students have put their hands on the materials for their compositions.没有几个学生找到适合他们作文的素材。vt.1)对待；看待，把.看作：treat 虐待某人 treat distinguished guest 把某人待为上宾 treat sb.with consideration 对待某人很体贴 Do not treat this serious matter as a joke.2)讨论；探讨；详述；（文学，艺术作品中）描绘，描述；表现：He treats this su

36、bject thoroughly in his book.他在书中详尽透彻地讨论了这个问题。3)医治，治疗：treat sb.for influenza 给某人医治流行感冒 treat sbs toothache 治疗某人的牙痛 4)款待，请客(to):treat sb.to an ice-cream(a theatre)请某人吃冰激凌（看戏）I ll treat myself to a sunbath.我要好好地享受一次日光浴。Lets go out for dinner-my treat this time.这次由我请客。10.apply Vt.涂,敷;应用;适用 Applicationa

37、pplicant-applicance-applicable 1)涂,敷 她在脸上浓妆艳抹 She applied heavy makeup to her face.2)我们应该把理论应用于实践。We should apply theory to practice.This rule can not be applied to every case.vi.申请 apply to sb for sth apply for a job 申请就业 Apply for a scholarship 申请奖学金 apply to do sth 申请做某事 They applied to return to

38、 China.3)适用 School regulations apply to every student.校规适用于每位学生。This rule can not apply to every case.这条规则并不是在每种情况下都能适用的。apply oneself/sth to sth 使致力(于),使专心从事 He applied himself to learning French.他致力于学习法语。专心于，致力于:Bury oneself in Absorb oneself in Involve oneself in lose oneself in commit oneself to

39、 devote oneself to keep ones mind on is no doubt that Johns quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slades life.毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技术，使得斯莱德女士的生命得救了。【拓展】1）Theres no doubt that.是固定句式，意为：“毫无疑问”。2）Theres no doubt 后接名词时，需用介词 about 或 of。如：Theres no doubt about/of his hones

40、ty.毫无疑问他是诚实的。3）肯定句中可用 whether，if，that 引起宾语从句，否定句中只能用 that。如：He doubted whether they would be able to help.他拿不准他们是否能帮上忙。There is some doubt whether John will come.约翰是否会来很难说。There is no doubt that the plan will succeed.毫无疑问，这计划一定会实现。There is no need是没必要的 There is no point in 是没有意义的 There is no denying

41、 that不可否认的 There is no saying很难说，没法知道 12 make a difference 有关系,有影响,起(重要作用)make a(no,some,no,any,little,much)difference(to sb/sth)1.=have an(no,some)effect(on sb/sth)对某人/某事物有、没有、有些作用或影响 1)The rain didnt make much difference(to the game).这场雨对比赛没多大影响 2)The sea air has made a difference to her health.改善

42、了她的健康状况 2.=be important(unimportant)(to sb/sth)对某人(某事物)重要,不重要等;要紧,不要紧等 1)对我来说,你来不来都无所谓 It makes no difference to me whether you come or not.2)你的选择事关重大。Your choice makes a difference.Useful expressions：1 在救生员颁奖大会 at the Lifesaver Awards 2 在颁奖大会 at a ceremony 3 对某人实施急救 give first aid on sb 4 紧急抢救 lifesaving first aid 5 骇人听闻的持刀杀人 a shocking knife attack 6 找到 put ones hands on=find 7 手上的伤口 the injury to the hand/arm/leg.8 按住伤口 apply pressure to the wound 9 敏捷的思维 quick thinking 10 产生差别 make a difference