高级英语(第三版)第一册第十二课-Ships-in-the-Desert课件
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1、高级英语(第三版)第一册第十二课 Ships in the DesertTeaching Aims To understand the writers viewpoints To learn the words and phrases about environment To be able to talk about environmental issue1)The authorAlGorewasbornin1948inWashingtonD.C.,U.S.HehasbeenaSenator(1984-1992)representingtheStateofTennessee,andU.S.V
2、ice-President(1992-2000)underPresidentBillClinton.HeranforthePresidencyagainstGeorgeW.Bushjr.butthelatterwonthecloselytiedelectionandhasbecomethe43rdAmericanPresident.ThetextistakenfromAlGoresbookEarth in the BalanceAl Gores viewpoints AlGoresprofoundanalysisofwherehumanityhasgonewrongrangesacrosshi
3、story,politics,science,economics,psychology,philosophy,andreligion Goredemonstratesthatthequalityofourairandwaterisurgentlyatrisk.Heclearlyillustrateshowproblemsthatoncewereregionalhavenowbecomeglobal.Gorearguesforaworldwidemobilizationtosaveusfromdisaster.Structure AnalysisPara.1:Effectsofenvironme
4、ntalcrises(TheAral)Paras.2-20:Causesofenvironmentalcrises A.Thedestructionaroundtheworld-Antarctic,theArctic,theequator,aroundus B.Classificationoftheimagesofdestruction-Local-Regional-Strategic/globalcontext C.Thedominantcauseofthechange-HumancivilizationParas.21-26:Solution A.Recognizingthestarlin
5、gimagesofdestruction B.Understandingthetwoaspects C.Changingtheviewoftherelationship-Educatepeople2.Detailed study of the text QuestionsWhatsthemeaningofthetitle?Whatdoestheauthortrytotellusthroughhisarticle?WhydidthewritergototheAralSea?Whatdidheseethere?Para.1 typical example of environmental dest
6、ructionTheAralsea TheAralSea:*locatedinUzbekistanandKazakhstan*historicallyasalinelake*In1960theworldsfourthlargestlake,thesizeoftheentiretyofSouthernCalifornia*inthecenterofalarge,flatdesertbasinaprimeexampleofadynamicenvironmentAmericasGreatLakes*thegroupoffivefreshwaterlakes,centralNorthAmerica,b
7、etweentheUnitedStatesandCanada,largestbodyoffreshwaterintheworld Fromwesttoeast,theyareLakeSuperior,LakeMichigan,LakeHuron,LakeErie,andLakeOntario HOMESHstandsforHuron,OforOntario,MforMichigan,EforErieandSforSuperior.Para.2 Thesis statementMysearchfortheunderlyingcausesoftheenvironmentalcrisishaslet
8、metotravelaroundtheworldtocheckandstudycasesinordertofindoutthebasiccausesbehindtheenvironmentalcrisisTrans-AntarcticMountains Antarcticaisicycold.Trans-AntarcticMountainsdivideditintotheEastAntarcticandWestAntarcticsubcontinents.thesunglaringatmidnightthroughaholeintheskythesunshiningatmidnightthro
9、ughtheozonedepletiona hole:ozone depletion 臭氧层空洞CleanAirAct:AmericanCongresspassedtheCleanAirActin1970,whichisoneoftheoldestenvironmentallawsoftheU.S.aswellasthemostfar-reaching,thecostliest,andthemostcontroversial.Para.3 the global warming seen in the AntarcticTheArcticCircle animaginarylinedrawnro
10、undtheworldatacertaindistancefromthemostnorthernpoint(theNorthPole),northofwhichthereisnodarknessforsixmonthsofeachyearandalmostnolightfortheothersixmonths.cf.theAntarcticCircle tundra:anyofthevast,nearlylevel,treelessplainsoftheArcticregionsTheimagesofdestructionattheequatorAmazonrainforestTheBrazi
11、lianAmazoncontainsaboutathirdoftheEarthsremainingtropicalforestandaveryhighportionofitsbiologicaldiversity.Onehectare(2.47acres)ofAmazonianmoistforestcontainsmoreplantspeciesthanallofEurope.Yetstillitisbeingdestroyedjustlikeotherrainforestsaroundtheworld.Para.7Imagesofdestructionseenalmostanywhere W
12、hatdoesthewritercall“ghostsinthesky”?“noctilucentclouds”This“luminouscloud”occasionallyappearswhentheearthisfirsthiddenintheeveningdarkness;shiningunsteadilyaboveuswithapartiallytransparentwhiteness,thesecloudsdontseemnatural“noctilucentcloud”Para.8Humanattitudestowardstheimagesofdestruction Whatsho
13、uldwefeeltowardtheseghostsinthesky:Whatshouldourattitudebetowardthesenoctilucentcloudsinthesky?Para9.Humanspuzzlingresponse Eventhoughitissometimeshardtoseetheirmeaning,wehavebynowallwitnessedsurprisingexperiences:tounderstandthethreatofthesecloudsPara.10Theimportanceoforganizingourthoughtsitmaybehe
14、lpfultoclassifythemandthusbegintoorganizeourthoughtsandfeelingssothatwemaybeabletorespondappropriately:toarrangethemintodifferentgroups sothatwewillbeabletotakethemostsuitableaction.Para.11Themilitarysystem:“local”skirmishes,“regional”battles,and“strategic”conflictstheater:sceneofoperatione.g.Thiswa
15、sthePacifictheatreofWorldWarII.这里是第二次世界大战的太平洋战区。lecturetheatre阶梯教室Whatkindofconflictwillbeconsideredas“strategic”conflict?Onlystrugglethatcanthreatenanationssurvivalandmustbeunderstoodinaglobalcontextwillbeconsideredas“strategic”conflict.Para12.Thesamecasewiththeimagesofdestructionillegalwastedumpin
16、g:thedisposalofwasteinawaythatviolatesthelawProblemslikeacidrain,thecontaminationofundergroundaquifers,andlargeoilspillsarefundamentallyregional:basicallybelongtoregionalcategory.Acid rain(酸雨):rainwithahighconcentrationofacidsproducedbysulfurdioxide(二氧化硫),nitrogenoxide(氧化氮),etc.emittedduringthecombu
17、stion(氧化)offossilfuels;ithasadestructiveeffectonplantandaquatic(水中的)life,buildings,etc.aquifer:an underground layer of porous(多孔的多孔的)rock,sand,etc,containing water,into which wells can be sunk.Para.13Anewclassofenvironmentalproblemsaffectingtheglobalecologicalsystem:chlorine氯The600percentincreasecou
18、ntriesproducingthechlorofluorocarbonsresponsibleTherehavebeen600percentincreaseintheamountofchlorineintheatmosphereduringthelastfortyyearsnotonlyinthosecountrieswhicharemainlyresponsiblefortheproductionofCFCchlorofluorocarbons:CFC氟里昂Para.14anotherstrategicthreatglobalwarming Why?Because this increas
19、e in heat seriously threatens the global climate equilibrium that determines the pattern of winds,rainfall,surface temperatures,ocean currents and sea level,and these in turn determine the distribution of vegetative and animal life on land and sea and have a great effect on the location and pattern
20、of human societies,so it is considered a strategic threat.Para.15thetransformedrelationshipbetweenhumankindandtheearthinourowntimewehavereshapedalargepartoftheearthsfacewithconcreteinourcities:inthemoderntimewehavegivenanewshapeorformtoalargepartoftheearthssurfacebybuildingpavedroads,bridges,buildin
21、gsetc.concrete:metonymyPara.16ThedominantcauseofchangeintheglobalenvironmenthumancivilizationPara.17Dramaticchangesintwokeyfactors asuddenandstartlingsurgeinhumanpopulation asuddenaccelerationofthescientificandtechnologicalrevolutionPara18.Thesurgeinpopulationwhenviewedinahistoricalcontext:whenweloo
22、katthematterfromahistoricalpointofviewJuliusCaesar:(102?B.C.-44B.C.),RomanstatesmanandgeneralChristopherColumbus:(1451-1506),discovererofAmerica,bornGenoa,ItalyThomasJefferson:1743-1826)thirdPresidentoftheU.S.(1801-9),authoroftheDeclarationofIndependence.Para.19Thepresentfasterincreasingpopulationin
23、thecourseofonehumanlifemine:duringthelifespanofanindividualmylifetimeitisalreadymorethanhalfwaythere:theworldpopulationisalreadymorethanhalfofthatfigure.Para.20ThescientificandtechnologicalrevolutionAndthisongoingrevolutionhasalsosuddenlyacceleratedexponentially:Andthiscontinuingrevolutionhasalsosud
24、denlydevelopedataspeedthatdoubledandtripledtheoriginalspeed.exponential:(指数的)oforrelatingtoanexponent(数学中的指数)Para.21ourchallengetorecognizethatstartlingimagesofdestruction Ourchallengeistorecognizethatthestartlingimagesofenvironmentaldestructionnowoccurringallovertheworldhavemuchmoreincommonthanthei
25、rabilitytoshockandawakenus:Ourtaskistoseeandtounderstandthatthosefrighteningexamplesofenvironmentaldestructionthatarehappeningallovertheworldaresomuchthesameinnaturethattheysurpriseusnolonger.aresofrequently/becomesocommonthattheydontshockandarouseusanymore.Para.22twoaspectstothischallenge:ourpowert
26、oharmtheearthandourroleasco-architectofnature Whatarethetwoaspectstohelppeoplerecognizetheimagesofenvironmentaldestruction?Para.23oneprecedentforthiskindofchallengetoourthinking:militaryoneagain oneexampleinthepastwhichposedsimilardemandonusforachangeinourwayoflookingatthings.precedent:aformeraction
27、orcasethatmaybeusedasanexampleorruleforpresentPara.24armsraceFordecades,eachnewadvance.Buteachsuchdeploymentledamoreadvanceddeploymentofitsown:Fordecades,thetwosuperpowershadbeencompetingintheresearch,productionanddeploymentofmoresophisticated,moreadvancedweapons,hopingthatinthistheothersidewouldbed
28、eterrednottolaunchafirststrikeinnuclearweapons.Buttheresultwasjusttheopposite.Eachadvanceinweaponryledtoanewroundofarmsrace,araceofamuchmoredestructivelevel.leapfrog:n.Uagameinwhichonepersonbendsdownandanotherjumpsoverthemfrombehind v.tojumporskipover;toadvancewellbymissingout(sth.)ontheway e.g.Hele
29、apfroggedtworanksandwaspromoteddirectlytocolonel.Para.25theeventualsolutiontothearmsrace:newunderstandingsandamutualtransformationoftherelationshipitselfunilateral:adj.donebyorhavinganeffectononlyoneside,esp.oneofthepoliticalgroupsinanagreementPara.26Therealsolution:reinventingandfinallyhealingthere
30、lationshipbetweencivilizationandtheearthWhat is the real solution to the environmental destruction according to the author?Therealsolutionwillbefoundinreinventingandfinallyhealingtherelationshipbetweencivilizationandtheearth.Thiscanonlybeaccomplishedbyundertakingacarefulreassessmentofallthefactorsth
31、atledtotherelativelyrecentdramaticchangeintherelationship.Thetransformationofthewaywerelatetotheearthwillofcauseinvolvenewtechnologies,butthekeychangeswillinvolvenewwaysofthinkingabouttherelationshipitself.4.Languageappreciation Theauthordevelopedthisexpositionbythecauseandeffectmethod.Hechosetypica
32、lexamplestosupporthisideas.Tomakehiswritingclear,vividandforceful,heusedfiguresofspeechsuchasunderstatement,alliteration,metaphor,rhetoricalquestionandmetonymy.StylisticFeatures Hisformalstyle,serioustoneaswellasmilitarymetaphorsindicatedthatenvironmentalprotectionisakindofwar.Althoughthiswritingisaboutascientificresearchontheenvironment,thewriterusesveryfewtechnicaltermssothatordinarypeoplecanunderstanditeasily.
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